Emerging technologies (BTE final)
Crowdfunding process
1. Develop business idea or goal 2. Choose a crowdfunding site 3. Crowd funding site screens you for eligibility/fit 4. Create your crowdfunding campaign- describe your business idea or goal 5. Share campaign with family/friends/social networks 6. Supporters pledge funding 7. Campaign closes, you receive funds 8. Crowdfunding platform subtracts its fee 9. Complete your business goal or bring product to market 10. Reward supporters with equity, product samples, or loan interest.
5 phases of Gartner Hype Cycle
1. Innovation trigger, 2. Peak of inflated expectations, 3. Trough of Disillusionment, 4. Slope of Enlightenment, 5. Plateau of Productivity
Types of crowdfunding
1. Reward-based crowdfunding, 2. Donation-based crowdfunding, 3. Peer-to-peer lending
Steps to CHATGPT
1. User inputs prompt 2. ChatGPT uses algorithm to analyze and respond the input 3. GPT uses keywords and phrases to understand context 4. ChatGPT accesses its database of info to refund relevant information to the prompt 5. Chat GPT uses natural language processing to generate a response 6. Chat GPT presents a response- the user can continue the convo and add additional prompts
1. Innovation trigger
A potential technology breakthrough kicks things off. Early proof-of-concept stories and media interest trigger significant publicity. Often no usable products exist, and commercial viability is unproven.
NFTs provide...
A way to authenticate ownership, Permanency, Blockchain recorded provenance
Generative Algorithms
Attempt to predict features given a label (attempt to predict output data)
Blockchain vs. Bitcoin
Blockchain: A methodology, identity of members is known, permissioned network, transactions are secret or Permission viewing, Virtual signing, Handles many types of assets, Selective endorsement Bitcoin: A blockchain application, anonymity is important, anyone can participate, transactions are viewable by all members of the network, based on Public-private keys, a cryptocurrency, based on PoW.
Provenance
Blocks must show connection to the finger print of the prior block, keeping a trail
Gartner's Emerging technlogy road map allows you to
Calculate technology deployment risks, discover opportunities to bring high enterprise value techs into your tech stack, benchmark deployment progress to your peers in midsize enterprises.
Problem with old ledger system
Can be tampered with. Require a third-party to verify.
blockchain
Chain of blocks that contains information. Distributed ledger open to everyone. Multiple parties share it by keeping an identical copy. All participants must give approval to the new recording (new block)
Chat GPT
Chat-based interface to GPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer).
Each block in a blockchain contains
Data, hash, the has of the predecessor block
Cryptocurrency
Digital currency that uses cryptography for security measures.
Difference between Generative and Discriminative algorithms
Discriminative models learn the boundary between classes, Generative models model the distribution of individual classes
Distributed
Distributed ledger technology, ledger keeps records of transaction, value, and ownership of assets, copies of the recording (ledger) are kept in different databases
Blockchain technology key characteristics
Distributed, consensus, secured, immutable, provenance
How does cryptocurrency work?
Each user has both public and individual private keys. Operates independently of a central bank
2. Peak of inflated expectations
Early publicity produces a number of success stories — often accompanied by scores of failures. Some companies take action; many do not.
New ledger system
Every record on the ledger has a very secure, unhackable key and is stamped with a unique seal of approval. next record written, everything in the prior record is included (encoded/hashed)
G, P, T.
Generative: uses AI to predict and generate the next word based on what's come Pre-trained: Based on much of the internet, Wikipedia, million of function books and fact-based references, law, etc. Transformer: Example of a "Deep learning" neural network, Google's transformer architecture (2018) served as a foundation
Supervised learning
Human-made answers to the questions GPT has been answering to make them better.
Reward model
Humans rank the answers that gpt gives
Reinforcement learning
Incorporating the rankings in the unsupervised and supervised learnings
3. Trough of disillusionment
Interest wanes as experiments and implementations fail to deliver. Producers of the technology shake out or fail. Investments continue only if the surviving providers improve their products to the satisfaction of early adopters.
Crowdfunding platforms
Kickstarter, Crowdrise, Quirky, Invested.in, Indiegogo, Gofundme, Lending club
5. Plateau of productivity
Mainstream adoption starts to take off. Criteria for assessing provider viability are more clearly defined. The technology's broad market applicability and relevance are clearly paying off.
4. Slope of Enlightenment
More instances of how the technology can benefit the enterprise start to crystallize and become more widely understood. Second- and third-generation products appear from technology providers. More enterprises fund pilots; conservative companies remain cautious
NFT application
NFTs are cryptocurrency where each piece accompanies artwork or a video clip. You are purchasing an original work of art that is simply digital.
Immutable
Once a transaction is recorded into a block, a block can't be changed nor deleted
How is bitcoin and NFT different
One bitcoin is indistinguishable from any other bitcoin and can be readily exchanged, but NFT is a one-of-a-kinf piece of code stored and protected on the blockchain.
Generative AI
Predict features given a certain label. Model the distribution of individual classes.
Gartner Hype Cycle
Separate hype from the real drivers of a technology's commercial promise. Helps getting educated on an emerging technology within the context of the industry and individual appetite for risk.
Crowdfunding works because
Small donations from many people can raise a lot of money, By tapping into your online social connections, you can reach a much broader audience in less time than traditional fundraising processes
Ledger
System of records for a business.
Assets could be
Tangible or intangible
Unsupervised learning
Training sentences extracted from various parameters
Blockchain is expected to close the
Trust gap
Hash key
Unique cryptographic identifier= a fingerprint of a block. It is irreversible and consistent.
Non-fungible token (NFT)
Unit of data stored on a blockchain that represents a unique item. (not mutually interchangable/fungible) NFT can represent anything that exists as or can be represented by a digital.
Bitcoin characteristics
Unregulated shadow-currency, Created as a decentralized digital currency exchange system to exchange digital currency without the banks as intermediaries and while keeping anonymity. Resource intensive (requires PoW consensus). Created in 2008 after the Global Financial Crisis.
Secured
Uses cryptography to process digital transactions or verifiable digital signature
Proof of work
apply a "seal" that completes an equation to a ledger and connects it
General ledger includes 5 main account types
assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and capital
Crowdrise
charities/causes
mining
competing to find said "seal" and be rewarded with Bitcoin
Cryptography
coverts data into a format that is unreadable for an unauthorized user, allowing it to be transmitted without unauthorized entities decoding it back into a readable format
invested.in
create funding community
Kickstarter
creative projects
Consensus
everyone (or a regulator) must validate and approve the new transaction/block
Donation-based crowdfunding
ie: Go fund me. Source money for a project by asking a large number of contributers to individually donate a small amount.
Peer-to-peer lending
ie: Lending club. Lending money to individuals or businesses through online services that match lenders with borrowers.
Reward-based crowdfunding
ie: kickstarter. People contribute relatively small amounts to projects in return for some kind of reward
Quirky
inventors
Crowdfunding
method for obtaining project funding, by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, and especially from an online community.
indiegogo
no specialization
Gartner's Emerging Technology Roadmap
places disruptive technologies in 6 sectors divided by 1. Enterprise value, 2. Deployment risk, 3. Adoption timelines
Discriminative algorithms
try to classify input data. Given the features of an instance of data, they predict a label or category to which that data belongs. Map features to labels.
Bitcoin
unregulated shadow-currency based on Blockchain methodology