Emerging technologies (BTE final)

Crowdfunding process

1. Develop business idea or goal 2. Choose a crowdfunding site 3. Crowd funding site screens you for eligibility/fit 4. Create your crowdfunding campaign- describe your business idea or goal 5. Share campaign with family/friends/social networks 6. Supporters pledge funding 7. Campaign closes, you receive funds 8. Crowdfunding platform subtracts its fee 9. Complete your business goal or bring product to market 10. Reward supporters with equity, product samples, or loan interest.

5 phases of Gartner Hype Cycle

1. Innovation trigger, 2. Peak of inflated expectations, 3. Trough of Disillusionment, 4. Slope of Enlightenment, 5. Plateau of Productivity

Types of crowdfunding

1. Reward-based crowdfunding, 2. Donation-based crowdfunding, 3. Peer-to-peer lending

Steps to CHATGPT

1. User inputs prompt 2. ChatGPT uses algorithm to analyze and respond the input 3. GPT uses keywords and phrases to understand context 4. ChatGPT accesses its database of info to refund relevant information to the prompt 5. Chat GPT uses natural language processing to generate a response 6. Chat GPT presents a response- the user can continue the convo and add additional prompts

1. Innovation trigger

A potential technology breakthrough kicks things off. Early proof-of-concept stories and media interest trigger significant publicity. Often no usable products exist, and commercial viability is unproven.

NFTs provide...

A way to authenticate ownership, Permanency, Blockchain recorded provenance

Generative Algorithms

Attempt to predict features given a label (attempt to predict output data)

Blockchain vs. Bitcoin

Blockchain: A methodology, identity of members is known, permissioned network, transactions are secret or Permission viewing, Virtual signing, Handles many types of assets, Selective endorsement Bitcoin: A blockchain application, anonymity is important, anyone can participate, transactions are viewable by all members of the network, based on Public-private keys, a cryptocurrency, based on PoW.

Provenance

Blocks must show connection to the finger print of the prior block, keeping a trail

Gartner's Emerging technlogy road map allows you to

Calculate technology deployment risks, discover opportunities to bring high enterprise value techs into your tech stack, benchmark deployment progress to your peers in midsize enterprises.

Problem with old ledger system

Can be tampered with. Require a third-party to verify.

blockchain

Chain of blocks that contains information. Distributed ledger open to everyone. Multiple parties share it by keeping an identical copy. All participants must give approval to the new recording (new block)

Chat GPT

Chat-based interface to GPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer).

Each block in a blockchain contains

Data, hash, the has of the predecessor block

Cryptocurrency

Digital currency that uses cryptography for security measures.

Difference between Generative and Discriminative algorithms

Discriminative models learn the boundary between classes, Generative models model the distribution of individual classes

Distributed

Distributed ledger technology, ledger keeps records of transaction, value, and ownership of assets, copies of the recording (ledger) are kept in different databases

Blockchain technology key characteristics

Distributed, consensus, secured, immutable, provenance

How does cryptocurrency work?

Each user has both public and individual private keys. Operates independently of a central bank

2. Peak of inflated expectations

Early publicity produces a number of success stories — often accompanied by scores of failures. Some companies take action; many do not.

New ledger system

Every record on the ledger has a very secure, unhackable key and is stamped with a unique seal of approval. next record written, everything in the prior record is included (encoded/hashed)

G, P, T.

Generative: uses AI to predict and generate the next word based on what's come Pre-trained: Based on much of the internet, Wikipedia, million of function books and fact-based references, law, etc. Transformer: Example of a "Deep learning" neural network, Google's transformer architecture (2018) served as a foundation

Supervised learning

Human-made answers to the questions GPT has been answering to make them better.

Reward model

Humans rank the answers that gpt gives

Reinforcement learning

Incorporating the rankings in the unsupervised and supervised learnings

3. Trough of disillusionment

Interest wanes as experiments and implementations fail to deliver. Producers of the technology shake out or fail. Investments continue only if the surviving providers improve their products to the satisfaction of early adopters.

Crowdfunding platforms

Kickstarter, Crowdrise, Quirky, Invested.in, Indiegogo, Gofundme, Lending club

5. Plateau of productivity

Mainstream adoption starts to take off. Criteria for assessing provider viability are more clearly defined. The technology's broad market applicability and relevance are clearly paying off.

4. Slope of Enlightenment

More instances of how the technology can benefit the enterprise start to crystallize and become more widely understood. Second- and third-generation products appear from technology providers. More enterprises fund pilots; conservative companies remain cautious

NFT application

NFTs are cryptocurrency where each piece accompanies artwork or a video clip. You are purchasing an original work of art that is simply digital.

Immutable

Once a transaction is recorded into a block, a block can't be changed nor deleted

How is bitcoin and NFT different

One bitcoin is indistinguishable from any other bitcoin and can be readily exchanged, but NFT is a one-of-a-kinf piece of code stored and protected on the blockchain.

Generative AI

Predict features given a certain label. Model the distribution of individual classes.

Gartner Hype Cycle

Separate hype from the real drivers of a technology's commercial promise. Helps getting educated on an emerging technology within the context of the industry and individual appetite for risk.

Crowdfunding works because

Small donations from many people can raise a lot of money, By tapping into your online social connections, you can reach a much broader audience in less time than traditional fundraising processes

Ledger

System of records for a business.

Assets could be

Tangible or intangible

Unsupervised learning

Training sentences extracted from various parameters

Blockchain is expected to close the

Trust gap

Hash key

Unique cryptographic identifier= a fingerprint of a block. It is irreversible and consistent.

Non-fungible token (NFT)

Unit of data stored on a blockchain that represents a unique item. (not mutually interchangable/fungible) NFT can represent anything that exists as or can be represented by a digital.

Bitcoin characteristics

Unregulated shadow-currency, Created as a decentralized digital currency exchange system to exchange digital currency without the banks as intermediaries and while keeping anonymity. Resource intensive (requires PoW consensus). Created in 2008 after the Global Financial Crisis.

Secured

Uses cryptography to process digital transactions or verifiable digital signature

Proof of work

apply a "seal" that completes an equation to a ledger and connects it

General ledger includes 5 main account types

assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and capital

Crowdrise

charities/causes

mining

competing to find said "seal" and be rewarded with Bitcoin

Cryptography

coverts data into a format that is unreadable for an unauthorized user, allowing it to be transmitted without unauthorized entities decoding it back into a readable format

invested.in

create funding community

Kickstarter

creative projects

Consensus

everyone (or a regulator) must validate and approve the new transaction/block

Donation-based crowdfunding

ie: Go fund me. Source money for a project by asking a large number of contributers to individually donate a small amount.

Peer-to-peer lending

ie: Lending club. Lending money to individuals or businesses through online services that match lenders with borrowers.

Reward-based crowdfunding

ie: kickstarter. People contribute relatively small amounts to projects in return for some kind of reward

Quirky

inventors

Crowdfunding

method for obtaining project funding, by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, and especially from an online community.

indiegogo

no specialization

Gartner's Emerging Technology Roadmap

places disruptive technologies in 6 sectors divided by 1. Enterprise value, 2. Deployment risk, 3. Adoption timelines

Discriminative algorithms

try to classify input data. Given the features of an instance of data, they predict a label or category to which that data belongs. Map features to labels.

Bitcoin

unregulated shadow-currency based on Blockchain methodology