EMS final ch. 2

AIDS

A disease of the immune system caused by infection with HIV.

which of the following diseases is most likely caused by bacteria? a) hepatitis b) measles c) malaria d) TB

D. TB is a bacterial infection, hepatitis and measles are viral, and malaria is caused by protozoa

which of the following is the most effective natural defense against infection? a) mucous membranes b) intact skin c) hand washing d) PPE

B. Intact skin is the most effective

1. as you provide care to this patient, some of the patients blood gets on your forearm. Which of the following do you do next? a) use alcohol to clean off the blood b) irrigate the area with sterile saline for 10 minutes c) clean the area thoroughly with soap and water d) wash the area with a diluted bleach solution

B. alcohol isn't used, sterile saline is used for 20 mins in eyes, bleach could harm the skin

2. Which of the following signs would be least likely to indicate obvious death in the patient? a) dependent lividity b) over flexible joints c) putrefaction d) rigor mortis

B. joints become stuff upon death, all other signs are signs of death.

1. which of the following would be most important for you to do to prevent disease transmission after you have completed caring for the patient? a) report and potential exposures to blood and body fluids b) wash your hands thoroughly c) dispose of any biohazard materials d) disinfect the equipment and supplies

B. most important to do FIRST to prevent disease transmission. others can be done later

2. one family member says they were praying in the hopes that the patient " would hold on until his grandson graduated next month". This would suggest that the family member is in which stage of grieving? a) denial b) anger c) bargaining d) acceptance

C. Bargaining

which of the following is an example of disease transmission by indirect contact? a) infected blood splashing into eyes b) touching an infected person's body fluids c) touching a soiled dressing of an infected patient d) inhaling particles from an infected persons sneeze.

C. a and b are direct contact, d is droplet transmission

pandemic influenza

a respiratory illness caused by virulent human influenza A virus; spreads easily and sustainable and can cause global outbreaks of serious illness in humans

MRSA

a staph bacteria that can cause infection; difficult to treat because of ties resistance to many antibiotics

passive immunity

a term used to describe a germ; a disease-causing agent ex. bacteria or virus

Antibodies

a type of protein found in blood or other bodily fluids; used by immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses

MDR TB

a type of tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to come of the most effective anti-TB drugs

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

a viral respiratory illness caused by the SARS associated coronavirus

HIV

a virus that weekends the body's immune system, leading to life- threatening infections; causes AIDS

adaptive immunity

the type of protection from disease that the body develops throughout a lifetime as a person is exposed to diseases or immunized against them

innate immunity

the type of protection from disease with which humans are born

vector-borne transmission

transmission of a pathogen that occurs when a infectious source, such as an animal or insect bite or sting, penetrates the body's skin

bloodborne

used to describe a substance carried in the blood

engineering controls

control measures that eliminate, isolate, or remove a hazard from the workplace; things used in the workplace to help reduce the risk of an exposure

work practice controls

control measures that reduce the likelihood of exposure by changing the way a task is carried out

OSHA

federal agency whose role is to promote the safety and heath of American workers by setting and enforcing standards

bloodborne pathogens

germs that bay be present in human blood or other bodily fluids that can cause disease in humans

Acute

having a rapid and severe onset, then quickly subsiding

opportunistic infections

infections that strike people whose immune systems are weakened.

direct contact

mode of transmission of pathogens that occur though directly touching infected blood or body fluid, or other agents such as chemicals, drugs or toxins

droplet transmission

mode of transmission of pathogens that occurs when a person inhales droplets from an infected persons cough or sneeze; AKA respiratory droplet transmission

indirect contact

most of transmission of a disease coursed by touching a contaminated object

Bacteria

one-celled organisms that can cause infection; a common type of pathogen

chronic

persistent over a long period of time

exposure control plan

plan in the workplace that outlines the employers protective pleasures to eliminate or minimize employee exposure incidents

bodily substance isolation (BSI) precautions

protective measures to prevent exposure to communicable diseases; define all body fluids and substances as infections

lividity

purplish color in the lowest-lying parts of a recently dead body, cased by pooling of blood

Standard precautions

safety measures including BSI and universal precautions, taken to prevent occupational- risk exposure to bloom or other potentially infectious materials.

defusing

similar to a debriefing but shorter and less formal

critical incident stress

stress triggered by involvement in a serious or traumatic incident

immune system

the body's complex group of body systems that is responsible for fighting disease

stress

the body's normal response to any situation that changes a persons existing mental, physical, or emotional balance

1. you arrive at an office building in response to a 911 call reporting that an individual has collapsed in the cafeteria. You observe the female patient lying face-down on the floor. There is blood oozing from a cut on her forehead and you notice what looks like urine on the floor. A bystander tells you that the patient hit her head on the table when she fell. When providing care to this patient, which PPE would be essential to use? a) disposable gloves b) safety glasses c) HEPA mask d) disposable gown

A. Disposable gloves are most important to use in this situation to prevent infection

2. you are called to the home of an elderly gentleman who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer. The family is at his bedside and tells you that he has an advance directive (DNR). You observe the patient is breathing. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate? a) ask the family if you can see the DNR b) begin to resuscitate the patient c) call the funeral director for the family d) tell the family that there is nothing you can do

A. Only way you will not resuscitate is if you see the paper copy of the DNR. if no copy is there, begin to care for the patient.

tuberculosis (TB)

a bacterial infection that usually attacks the lungs

biohazard

a biological agent that presents a hazard to the health or well- being of those exposed

virus

a common type of pathogen that depends on other organisms to live and reproduce; can be difficult to kill

infection

a condition caused by disease- producing microorganisms, called pathogens or germs, in the body

homeostasis

a constant state of balance or well-being of the bodes internal systems that is continually and automatically adjusted

debriefing

a method of helping people cope with exposure to serious or traumatic incidents by discussing the emotional impact of the event

disease causing agent

a pathogen or germ that can cause disease or illness. ex. bacteria or virus

needlestick

a penetrating wound from a needle or other sharp object; may result in exposure to pathogens though contact with blood or other body fluids

PPE

all specialized clothing, equipment and supplies that keep the user from directly contacting infected materials; includes gloves, gowns, goggles, masks, and shields.

hepatitis

an inflammation of the liver most commonly caused by viral infection; there are severe types including hepatitis A,B,C,D, and E.

meningitis

an inflammation of the meninges, the thin, protective covering over the brain and spinal cord; caused by virus or bacteria

exposure

an instance in which someone is exposed to a pathogen or has contact with blood or body fluids or objects in the environment that contain disease-causing agents

sudden death

an unexpected, natural death, usually fused to describe a death from a sudden cardiac event

infectious disease

disease cause by the invasion of the body by a pathogen, such as bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite