WEEK 1
1917
- US declared war on Germany and entered World War I. a. Military screened large numbers of recruits quickly for intellectual and emotional numbers. b. Psychological testing provided this methodology.
guidelines for scoring and interpretation
- may be scored by the test takers themselves, - scored by trained examiners, and scored and fully interpreted by computer
Testing (role/evaluator)
-Tester is not key to the process • -One tester may be substituted for another tester without appreciably affecting the evaluation
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
. It was published in 1954 but revisions were published in 1966, 1974, 1985, and 1999, 2014
application of testing and assessment in business and military settings
1) Research to help people at home, in the workplace, and in the military. 2) to diagnose the needs of the brands and products , and make them more appealing
basis of psychological profile of the deceased for psychological autopsy
1) archival records 2) artifacts 3) interview from the deceased assessee 4) interviews w/ people who know him/her
use of testing and assessment in Government and Organizational Credentialing
1) board exams 2) assessment based on specialization
type of accomodation depends on
1) capabilities of assessee 2) purpose of the assessment 3) meaning attached to test scores 4) capabilities of the assessor
different ways to conduct an interview
1) face to face contact 2) through telephone where you must be conscious of changes in tone, pitch, pauses, signs of emotion and through electronic 3) through online interviews such as email interviews or interviews through text messaging
Types of testsfollowing the WWII
1) intelligence 2) personality 3) aspects of brain functioning 4) performance at work 5) many other aspects of psychological and social functioning
types of tests used in clinical settings
1) intelligence tests 2) personality tests 3) neurological tests 4) other specialized instruments and others depending on problem area.
2 types of technical quality
1) psychometric soundness 2) psychometrics
Where to go for authoritative information
1) test catalogues 2) test manuals 3) reference volumes 4) journal articles 5) online databases 6) other sources
ethical guidelines of assessments
1. Before a test is administered, stored in a way that reasonably ensures its specific contents will not be made known in advance. 2. Ensure that a prepared and suitably trained person administers test properly. 3. Familiar with test materials and procedures. 4. Must have tests at the site and all materials needed to properly administer the test. 5. Selecting most appropriate test for the individual being tested. 6. Materials needed can be stopwatch, supply of pencils, and sufficient number of test protocols. 7. Building rapport, this can be built from few words of small talk when examiner and examinee are introduced without compromising rules of test administration instructions. 8. Assessment of people with disabilities are the same for people without disabilities, such as obtaining employment, earning professional credential, and screen for psychopathology.
Approximately, there are ______ psychological tests published each year
20,000
testing
After test administration, tester adds up number of correct answers or number of certain types of responses with little regard for the how or mechanics of such content
1905
Alfred Binet and colleague published a test designed to help Paris schoolchildren in appropriate classes a. Ten years later - the English language version of Binet's test as prepared for use in schools in the United States.
Assessment
Answer referral question, solve a problem, or arrive at a decision through evaluation tools
Assessment (role/evaluator)
Assessor is key to process of selecting tests and/or other tools of evaluation and in drawing conclusions from the entire evaluation
3rd process of assessment
Assessor meets assesses or others before the formal assessment
Testing
Can be individual or group
another term for Computer Assisted Psychological Assessment (CAPA)
Computer Adaptive Testing
4th process of assessment
Follow institutional guidelines.
5th process of assessment
Formal assessment begins
Psychological Assessment
Gathering and Integration of psychologically-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation
Assessment
Individualized
WWII
Military would depend even more on psychological tests to screen recruits for service.
Testing
Obtain some numerical gauge of ability or attribute
evaluated in the older people in geriatric settings
Quality of Life
1st process of assessment
Referral for Assessment.
2nd process of assessment
Referral question/s are put to the assessor about the assesses
Assessment
Typically focuses on HOW an individual process rather than simply the results of the processing
Assessment (skill/evaluator)
Typically requires an educated selection of tools of evaluation, skill in evaluation, and thoughtful organization and integration of data.
Testing (skill/evaluator)
Typically requires technician-like skills in terms of administering and scoring a test as well as in interpreting a test resul
Assessment of Men
US Office of Strategic Services (OSS) used a variety of procedures and measurement tools (psychological tests) in selecting military personnel for highly trained positions (espionage, intelligence gathering, etc.)
semantic distinction between the terms testing and assessment began to emerge
WWII
Psychologist
a consultant retained by an insurance company is called on to give an opinion as to the reality of a client's psychological problems such as malingering or experiencing problems
Medical Test
a device or medical procedure is designed to measure some variable related to the practice of medicine
Psychological Test
a device or procedure is designed to measure variables related to psychology such as intelligence, personality, attitude, and others
Interview
a method of gathering information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange.
scoring
a process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples
Adaptive means
a reference to the computer's ability to tailor the test to the testaker's ability or testtaking pattern.
Diagnostic Test
a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention such as in reading, mathematics, or other academic subjects.
Role-play Test
a tool of assessment wherein assesses are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation.
Test User
a wide range of professionals which includes such as clinicians, counselors, school psychologists, human resources personnel, consumer psychologists, experimental psychologists, and social psychologists
Role-play
acting an improvised or partially improvised in part in a simulated situation
accommodation
adaptation of a test, procedure, or situation, or the substitution of one test for another, to make the assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs
psychological testing
administering, scoring, and interpreting psychological tests
School Ability Test
an assessment in identifying children with needs
panel interview (advantage)
any idiosyncratic biases of a lone interviewer minimized by use of two or more interviewer
educational settings
as mandated by law, tests are administered early in school life to help identify children who may have special needs.
Health Psychology
assess current state of affairs with regard to some disease or condition, gauge treatment progress, and evaluate outcome intervention.
Counseling Settings
assessment in this context may occur in environments as diverse as schools, prisons, government institutions, and privately owned institutions.
Clinical Settings
can be observed in public, private and military hospitals, inpatient and outpatient clinics, private practice consulting rooms, and schools and other institutions.
Testing in _____ can be conducted on one individual at a time or it could be used for group testing as part of screening.
clinical settings
Portfolio
consist of work products-whether retained on paper, canvas, film, video, audio, or some other medium
test manuals
contains detailed information
Psychological Autopsy
defined as reconstruction of a deceased individual's psychological profile
Test
described as a measuring device or procedure.
Interpretative report
distinguished by its inclusion of numerical or narrative interpretive statements in the report.
Quality of Life
evaluated through perceived stress, loneliness, sources of satisfaction, personal values, quality of living conditions, and quality of friendships and other social support.
Alternative Assessment
evaluative or diagnostic or process that varies from the usual, customary, or standardized way
test catalogues
from publisher to test
screening
identifying individuals who require further diagnostic evaluation.
other parties
includes organizations, companies, and/or governmental agencies.
extended scoring report
includes statistical analyses of the testtaker's performance.
psychological assessment
may be conceived as a problem-solving process that can take many different forms.
score
may refer to a code or summary statement, which usually but not necessarily numerical in nature, that reflects evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview or some other sample of behavior
Biofeedback Equipment
measures bodily reaction
reference volumes
mental measurement yearbook
Behavioral Observation
monitoring of actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative/qualitative information regarding the actions.
Panel Interview (Board Interview)
more than one interviewer who participates in the personnel assessment.
Computers
play in contemporary assessment in the context of generating simulations
Testing
refer to everything from administration to interpretation of a test score.
Simple scoring report
refers to a mere listing of a score of scores.
Cut Score or Cutoff Score
refers to a reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divide a set of data into two or more classifications
rapport
refers to a working relationship between the examiner and examinee
Testtaker
refers to anyone who is the subject of an assessment or an evaluation can be a testtaker or an assessee.
Psychometric Soundness
refers to how consistently and accurately a psychological test measures what it purports to measure.
Collaborative Psychological Assessment
refers to the assessor and assessee may work as "partners" from initial contact through final feedback
Central Processing
refers to the processing that occurs at a central location.
Case History Data
refers to the records, transcripts, other accounts written, pictorial or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data items relevant to an assessee.
Psychometrics
refers to the science of psychological measurement
Local processing
refers to the scoring but done on-site
content
refers to the subject matter
Utility
refers to the usefulness or practical value that a test of assessment technique has for a particular purpose.
journal articles
reviews, studies of psychometric soundness
Society at Large
test developers respond by devising new tests such as through court decisions, where society at large exerts its influence on various aspects of the testing and assessment enterprise
Psychological assessment accomplished through:
test, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specially designed apparatuses and measurement process
Business and Military Settings
the assessment tools or tests are used in terms of decision making about careers of personnel.
Test developer
the creator or developer of a tests or other methods of assessment
Psychological Testing
the process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior.
Teleprocessing
the scores or data are sent to or from central facility by phone lines
Therapeutic Psychological Assessment
therapeutic self refers to the discovery and new understanding which are encouraged throughout the assessment process
Court
they used assessment to determine if defendant is competent to stand on a trial
alternate assessment
this assessment is accomplished by means of some accommodation made to the assessee
Videos
this assessment is used to determine how an individual would respond to a situation at the workplace.
Integrative Report
this assessment tool is designed to integrate data from sources other than the test itself into the interpretive report
INTEGRATIVE REPORT
this assessment tool is designed to integrate data from sources other than the test itself into the interpretive report. This will employ previously collected data such as medication records or behavioral observation data into the test report
Computer Assisted Psychological Assessment (CAPA)
this assessment tool provides assistance to the test user not the taker.
administration procedures
this could designed to be individual, may require active and knowledgeable test administrator
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
this covers issues related to test construction and evaluation, test administration and use, and special applications of tests such as linguistic minorities.
Dynamic Assessment
this refers to an interactive approach of assessment that usually follows the model of evaluation, intervention, and then evaluation again
Penile Plethysmograph
this tool is for the measurement of male sexual arousal
Government and Organizational Credentialing
to have assurance and adhering the quality and its appropriate standards for certain field of works
ultimate objective of counseling settings
to see improvement of assessee in terms of adjustment, productivity or some related variable
Informal Evaluation
typically nonsystematic assessment that leads to the formation of an opinion or attitude
Achievement Test
used in school which evaluates accomplishment or degree of learning that has taken place
case history data
useful when it sheds light on an individual's past and current events, circumstances that may have contributed to any changes
CONSULTATIVE REPORT
usually written in language appropriate for communication between assessment professionals, may provide expert opinion concerning analysis of data
Consultative report
usually written in language appropriate for communication between assessment professionals, may provide expert opinion concerning analysis of data.
disadvantage of panel interview
utility, cost may not be justified.
private psychotherapy
where a client wishes to be evaluated to see if the assessment can provide any nonobvious clues regarding his or her maladjustment.
Geriatric Settings
where older people might require psychological assessment to evaluate their cognitive, psychological, adaptive, or other functioning.
school psychologist
where she or he clinically evaluates a child experiencing learning difficulties to determine what factors are primarily responsible for it.
format
which pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, layout of test items, and time limits