EMT Chapter 27 LK

Which of the statements concerning trauma is most​ accurate? A. Multisystem trauma has a higher mortality rate than​ single-system injuries B. The mechanism of injury is the best predictor of patient outcome C. Falls are the leading cause of trauma deaths D. A​ "spider web" or​ "star" pattern of cracks on the windshield means the patient impacted the windshield with his head

A. Multisystem trauma has a higher mortality rate than​ single-system injuries

A "whiplash"-type neck injury is most often observed with which type of collision? A. ​Rear-end impact B. Frontal impact C. Ejection D. Rollover

A. ​Rear-end impact

A patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision is complaining of neck pain. Which piece of information would most contribute to the EMT's high index of suspicion that the patient may have suffered more significant injuries beyond isolated neck pain? A. Death of the​ car's driver B. External damage to the car is significant C. Lack of air bags in the car D. Difficulty turning is head to the right

A. Death of the cars driver

During an​ in-service program focusing on care of the trauma​ patient, the medical director asks if anyone can correctly describe the​ "platinum 10​ minutes." What statement by a participant is the best​ response? A. ​"EMS systems should be designed so that it takes an ambulance no longer than 10 minutes to respond to a trauma​ call." B. ​"EMS should initiate transport of the critically injured trauma patient to the hospital within 10 minutes of arriving on​ scene." C. ​"If the transport to a trauma center will exceed 10​ minutes, EMS should strongly consider the use of an aeromedical​ helicopter." D. ​"EMS should spend 10 minutes assessing the patient for​ life-threatening injuries prior to initiating transport to the emergency​ department."

B. ​"EMS should initiate transport of the critically injured trauma patient to the hospital within 10 minutes of arriving on​ scene."

Which piece of information would you provide to a group of young teenage drivers to decrease their chance of suffering a "whiplash"-type injury if involved in a motor vehicle collision? A. Properly wear seat belts with a headrest in the down position B. Ensure that the head rest is properly positioned C. Position the​ car's seats in a full upright position D. Make sure the car has​ side-door air bags

B. Ensure that the head rest is properly positioned

A car has been hit head-on by another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. Seat belts were in place and the air bags deployed. The patient complains of chest pain. Quick observation reveals a bruise to his sternum. The EMT should immediately: A. Check the windshield for starring B. Lift the air bag and check for steering wheel deformity C. Deflate the air bag to get breath sounds D. Suspect an injury related to the air bag

B. Lift the air bag and check for steering wheel deformity

Two cars have collided​ head-on. One car was traveling at a speed of 55 mph and the other at 35 mph. The total speed of impact would​ be: A. 20 mph B. 55 mph C. 90 mph D. 35 mph

C. 90 mph

You are assessing a male patient who was stabbed three times in the chest and abdomen. As you begin your primary​ assessment, you note the patient to have a decreased level of consciousness and gurgling respirations. Your next action would be​ to: A. Check his pulse B. Apply a cervical collar C. Obtain an SpO2 reading D. Suction the airway

D. Suction the airway

A​ 23-year-old roofer has fallen 20 feet from the roof of a house into shrubs below. Aside from superficial abrasions and complaint of​ soreness, you detect no obvious injuries.​ Consequently, the patient states that as long as his legs are not​ broken, he does not see the need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, your best response would​ be: A. ​"In a fall from this​ height, you may have hurt some internal organs. You really need to be​ examined." B. ​"Since you did not lose​ consciousness, I feel better about having you refuse. Just keep an eye on your feet and watch for​ swelling." C. ​"Since this is a​ work-related injury, you should really be evaluated in the hospital.​ Worker's compensation may not cover you if you do​ not." D. ​"Although you feel okay​ now, you will most likely be sore later on. Why​ don't we go to the hospital and ask about some medications for​ pain?"

A. ​"In a fall from this​ height, you may have hurt some internal organs. You really need to be​ examined."

You are assessing a patient who was involved in a motorcycle accident. He states that he saw an oncoming car and "laid the bike down" to avoid an outright collision. He was wearing a helmet. Which injury pattern would make sense given the action of the motorcyclist? A. Burn to the inside of the leg from the motorcycle exhaust pipe B. Angulation to both femurs with protrusion C. Bilateral broken forearms with upper extremity trauma D. ​"Road rash" to the entire body surface

A. Burn to the inside of the leg from the motorcycle exhaust pipe

Emergency Medical Responders have removed an intoxicated and confused patient from a car that struck another vehicle at a high rate of speed. The patient was unrestrained and his car did not have air bags. Assessment reveals deformity bilaterally to the hips and femurs and bruising to the knees. Based on this injury pattern, the EMT would recognize which type of injury mechanism? A. Down and under B. Up and over C. Lateral impact D. High velocity

A. Down and under

You have arrived on the scene of an explosion in a warehouse used to store fertilizers. A paramedic, who has already triaged the nine patients involved, directs you to a young man sitting under a tree. The man states that he is having excruciating ear pain. The initial assessment and rapid trauma assessment reveal no obvious injuries. Given this presentation, the EMT would recognize the injury was likely sustained: A. During the primary blast phase B. From the noise of the explosion C. After the secondary blast phase D. As a result of exposure to superheated air

A. During the primary blast phase

Which of these is a high-velocity wound that carries the greatest risk for death when considering the concept of cavitation? A. Gunshot wound to the spleen B. Gunshot wound to the stomach C. Stab wound to the liver D. Shotgun wound to the lung

A. Gunshot wound to the spleen

Which injury is most serious, warranting immediate and rapid transport to the local trauma center? A. Instability and crepitus to the left lateral chest wall B. Open fracture to the left lower leg C. ​Large, deep laceration to the arm with bone visible D. Deformity to the right ankle with pain rated as a​ 10/10

A. Instability and crepitus to the left lateral chest wall

An unrestrained driver of a car that has struck a tree at 45 mph has suffered a contusion to his heart. The EMT would recognize that this injury occurred during which impact of the collision? A. Organ collision B. Vehicle collision C. Body collision D. Physiological collision

A. Organ collision

An unrestrained female driving a small car is involved in a rollover-type collision. Why is her risk for serious injury or death significantly increased? A. There are more impacts in a rollover causing injury B. The risk for ejection is​ lessened, increasing injuries suffered in the car C. Rollovers are the result of high speeds D. Smaller and lighter cars tend to roll multiple times

A. There are more impacts in a rollover causing injury

A bullet fired from a gun at close range passes through the​ patient's liver.​ However, on​ autopsy, the coroner discovers that the​ man's pancreas,​ stomach, and gallbladder were also​ injured, even though not in direct contact with the bullet. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you would recognize that which mechanism is responsible for injuries to these additional​ organs? A. Drag force B. Cavitation C. Blunt injury D. Profile impact

B. Cavitation

Regarding the field triage of injured patients, which of these patients is NOT a member of a special patient population that would necessitate transport to a trauma center? A. A​ 70-year-old male patient with a systolic blood pressure of 104 mmHg after wrecking his car into a tree B. A female patient who is 12 weeks pregnant and who fell on the​ sidewalk, injuring her hip and wrist C. A female patient with a suspected brain injury from a fall who also takes prescribed anticoagulants D. A male patient with a broken femur and burns to 25 percent of his body after jumping from a​ second-story window of a house that was on fire

B. A female patient who is 12 weeks pregnant and who fell on the sidewalk, injuring her hip and wrist

You are first on the scene of a two-car motor vehicle collision. Two patients are entrapped in one vehicle. In the other vehicle, there is a male driver complaining of chest pain. During this time, your primary concern is: A. Triaging the patients B. Ensuring personal safety C. Determining severity of injuries D. Calling for additional help

B. Ensuring personal safety

As part of your service to the community, you are certified as a car seat specialist and provide monthly classes on the safe transport of infants and children. Over the course of one day, several cars have pulled into your EMS station and asked you to look at their car seats. Which car seat position would indicate that the parent is safely transporting his or her infant (younger than 1 year old)? A. Facing forward in the back seat in an upright position​ (60 degrees) B. Facing backward in the back seat in a reclined position​ (45 degrees) C. Facing forward in the back seat in a reclined position​ (60 degrees) D. Facing backward in an upright position in the front seat​ (45 degrees)

B. Facing backward in the back seat in a reclined position (45 degrees)

What is the best description of the goal of a trauma system? A. Providing the highest level of care possible within a​ 10-minute transport time frame for all patients B. Getting the right patient to the right facility in the right amount of time C. Providing all trauma patients with a complete battery of diagnostic tests and access to specialists D. Transporting as many patients as possible by air medical transportation

B. Getting the right patient to the right facility in the right amount of time

A patient with severe head and neck pain states that he was properly wearing his seat belt when another car struck him from behind. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would realize that the complaint of: A. Head and neck pain indicates that he was not wearing his seat belt B. Head and neck pain could occur even when the seat belt is properly worn C. Head pain suggests that he was not wearing the seat belt properly D. Head and neck pain indicates that the lap belt was worn without the shoulder harness

B. Head and neck pain could occur even when the seat belt is properly worn

You arrive at the scene where a young male patient fell out of a tree he was climbing. Although he fell from a lower branch, he was still reportedly 10-12 feet in the air when he fell. The patient landed on his side on the ground. Which element of the kinematics of trauma would explain the mechanism of any injuries he may have sustained? A. Rapid acceleration B. Rapid deceleration C. Terminal velocity D. Terminal mass

B. Rapid deceleration

A patient, who was constructing a bomb in his basement, has sustained a secondary-phase blast injury. Which presentation would the EMT most likely observe from this blast phase? A. Burns to the​ head, neck, and chest B. Screwdriver impaled in the thorax C. Headache and shortness of breath D. Complaint of nausea after inhaling fumes

B. Screwdriver impaled in the thorax

An 8-year-old boy fell forward off of a swing onto outstretched arms. He did not hit his head or lose consciousness and is complaining of left forearm pain. There is deformity to the left wrist, but no other injuries or life threats. His vital signs are pulse 132 beats/min, respirations 20 breaths/min, blood pressure 108/62 mmHg, and SpO2 100%. The proper care of this patient would be to: A. Call ALS so that the patient can be given intravenous pain medications before splinting the forearm B. Secure the forearm to a padded board splint and apply a cold pack to the injury site before transporting the patient nonemergently C. Apply supplemental oxygen and anatomically splint the forearm when the patient is placed on a long backboard D. Immediately load and transport the​ patient, splinting the injury en route

B. Secure the forearm to a padded board splint and apply a cold pack to the injury site before transporting the patient nonemergently

You are responding to a call for a 4-year-old child hit by a car. When assessing this child, which injury patterns would you recognize as typical based on the child's age and mechanism of injury? A. Head injury with deformities to both upper arms and neck trauma B. Left arm and leg​ deformities, and head injury C. Deformed​ femurs, bruises to the chest and​ abdomen, and head injury D. Bilateral ankle​ deformity, contusions to the​ back, and face trauma

C. Deformed femurs, bruises to the chest and abdomen, and head injury

You arrive on the scene of a motorcycle accident and find an unresponsive male patient lying in the middle of the road with blood coming from his ears and nose. He was not wearing a helmet and has snoring respirations. Which sequence of events would be most appropriate in the care of this patient? A. Full spine motion restriction​ procedures, transfer to the​ ambulance, provide all assessment and care en route to the​ hospital, with total scene time of 7 minutes B. Primary​ assessment, oxygen​ administration, transfer to​ stretcher, transport within 5 minutes of arriving on scene with spine motion restriction precautions done en route C. Primary​ assessment, airway and ventilatory​ management, oxygen​ administration, spine motion restriction​ precautions, transport within 10 minutes of arriving on scene D. Primary​ assessment, spine motion​ restriction, transfer to the ambulance after 8 minutes of scene​ time, all other care provided en route

C. Primary assessment, airway and ventilatory management, oxygen administration, spine motion restriction precautions, transport within 10 minutes of arriving on scene

A patient has been critically hurt in a nighttime motor vehicle collision. She was wearing a seat belt and hit a tree at 70 mph. The car she was driving weighed 2 tons and was equipped with air bags that did deploy. Which factor had the greatest impact on the injuries she sustained? A. Nighttime conditions B. Deployment of air bags C. Speed of the vehicle at impact D. Weight of the vehicle

C. Speed of the vehicle at impact

A male patient has sustained gunshot wounds to the neck and abdomen. He is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. Your immediate action would be to: A. Place a cervical collar and position the patient on a long board B. Start positive pressure ventilation and then place a cervical collar and maintain manual spine motion restriction C. Suction the airway while providing manual spine motion restriction D. Insert a nasal airway and place the patient on a long backboard

C. Suction the airway while providing manual spine motion restriction

Assessment of a patient involved in a motor vehicle accident reveals him to have crepitus to the left humerus, instability to the left lateral chest wall and flank, and pain on palpation to left hip region. The patient also complains of pain to the right side of the neck. Based on this injury pattern, the EMT would recognize the patient was: A. An unrestrained rear seat occupant in a car struck from the right side B. The passenger in a car hit from behind C. The driver of a car hit on the​ driver's side D. An unrestrained driver involved in a​ head-on collision

C. The driver of a car hit on the driver's side

What is the best description of the "platinum 10 minutes" as it applies to care of the trauma patient? A. The time it should take the transporting ambulance to get the trauma patient to the closest medical facility B. The goal for total amount of time from the actual injury to arrival of EMS at the scene C. The target maximum scene time for EMS as it applies to the seriously injured trauma patient D. The target maximum time that the multisystem trauma patient should spend in the emergency department before being transferred to surgery

C. The target maximum scene time for EMS as it applies to the seriously injured trauma patient

A patient has been stabbed with a knife at the fifth intercostal space on the right side of the chest in an attempted suicide. Assessment reveals him to be short of breath and coughing. Which question is it most important for the EMT to ask regarding the weapon? A. ​"Did the knife penetrate your chest​ easily?" B. ​"Did you push the knife in slowly or​ quickly?" C. ​"Was the knife clean or​ dirty?" D. ​"How long was the knife​ blade?"

D. "How long was the knife blade?"

You are hosting a discussion on injury prevention when a participant asks you if you believe that helmets for motorcyclists truly make a difference. You would respond by saying: A. ​"A motorcycle helmet decreases the chance of permanent spinal​ injury." B. ​"Helmets have been shown to prevent motorcycle​ accidents." C. ​"Wearing a helmet decreases the chance of being ejected from a​ motorcycle." D. ​"Motorcycle helmets decrease the risk of death when the rider is involved in a​ collision."

D. "Motorcycle helmets decrease the risk of death when the rider is involved in a collision."

The EMT understands the importance of evaluating the mechanism of injury when he states A. ​"The mechanism of injury is a useful tool in determining whether the​ patient's outcome will be good or​ bad." B. ​"Evaluating the mechanism of injury is important because it determines whether emergency transport to the hospital is​ needed." C. ​"The mechanism of injury is useful in determining the exact injuries the patient has​ sustained." D. ​"The mechanism of injury can be used to guide the​ EMT's injury assessment and treatment of the​ patient."

D. "The mechanism of injury can be used to guide the EMT's injury assessment and treatment of the patient."

After assessing these patients, which would the EMT identify as suffering from multisystem trauma? A. A​ 31-year-old female who has a large laceration to her leg from a hunting​ knife, with bleeding controlled B. A​ 24-year-old male who slipped on ice and has tenderness to the right shoulder C. An​ 89-year-old female who fell in a nursing home and has a hematoma to the back of her head D. A​ 61-year-old male who became dizzy and fell down five​ stairs, and who has a laceration to the head and open fracture of the left lower leg

D. A 61-year-old male who became dizzy and fell down five stairs, and who has a laceration to the head and open fracture of the left lower leg

A 27-year-old male was involved in an altercation and was struck in the ribs with a baseball bat. Assessment reveals intact skin with bruising to the right lateral chest. When palpating this area, pain, instability, and crepitus are all observed. The patient also complains of difficult and painful breathing. The EMT would recognize: A. Thoracic injury secondary to penetrating trauma B. Chest wall injury caused by acceleration forces C. Pulmonary injury caused by penetrating trauma D. Chest injury caused by blunt trauma

D. Chest injury caused by blunt trauma

A young female wears her lap belt too low, over her upper thighs, because the belt is uncomfortable when worn properly. If she is involved in a head-on "up and over" type of collision, to which injury is she most prone, given the position of her lap belt? A. Internal abdominal injury B. Bilateral arm fractures C. ​Tibia-fibula fractures D. Dislocated hips

D. Dislocated hips

A teenage female patient was ejected from a car as it rolled down a hill after she ran off the road. She is responsive, but with signs of early shock and respiratory distress. She has bruising to her anterior abdomen and chest, a laceration to her left temple, and deformity to her left wrist. At which point should the wrist injury be splinted? A. Just before leaving the scene B. Before transferring the patient to the stretcher C. Prior to full spinal motion restriction precautions being provided D. En route to the hospital

D. En route to the hospital

A 49-year-old male has been stabbed in the lower right chest. Police tell you that the patient got into an argument with an unidentified man, who then stabbed him before fleeing the scene. After assessing the patient, you are suspicious that the knife punctured the lung and is causing internal bleeding. In this situation, the mechanism of injury would be: A. Internal hemorrhage B. Penetrating trauma to the lungs C. Assailant with a knife D. Stab wound to the right chest

D. Stab wound to the right chest

As you pull up to a motor vehicle collision, you quickly scan the scene for clues as to the type and severity of injuries. Which observation would best indicate that a patient may have a head injury? A. Air bag deployment B. ​Frontal-type collision C. Blood on a​ patient's clothing D. Starburst on the windshield

D. Starburst on the windshield

Which statement best characterizes the capabilities of a Level III trauma center? A. The hospital can manage all trauma patients and​ injuries, 24 hours a​ day, 7 days a week B. The hospital can handle most trauma​ patients, but will transfer those who require specialty care for specific injuries such as neurologic trauma C. The hospital will provide any emergency surgical services to a trauma patient and then transfer the patient once stable D. The hospital has some surgical capabilities to help trauma​ patients, but will generally stabilize and them and still arrange transfer

D. The hospital has some surgical capabilities to help trauma patients, but will generally stabilize and them and still arrange transfer

A car, driven by an unrestrained male, strikes a utility pole at 35 mph. Given this scenario, which would be true? A. The patient struck the steering wheel at a combined speed of 70 mph B. The energy transferred to the body is increased by a factor of 2 C. The utility pole absorbed half of the kinetic​ energy, so that the body collision occurred at a speed of 17.5 mph D. The internal organs struck the inside of the body at a speed of 35 mph

D. The internal organs struck the inside of the body at a speed of 35 mph

When teaching Emergency Medical Responders about air bags, which point would you emphasize? A. The benefit of air bags is lessened in a​ multiple-vehicle collision impact B. Properly placed air bags eliminate the need for seat belts C. Air bags prevent broken glass from striking the occupant D. Air bags are effective in decreasing injury in a​ rollover-type collision

The benefit of air bags is lessened in a multiple-vehicle collision impact