EMT Chapter 5,6,,7,10

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

patella

Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:

somatic nervous system.

Bleeding is normally stopped by:

activation of platelets

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

heat

__________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.

hydrostatic

After performing a primary assessment, a rapid exam of the body should be performed to:

identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, except:

increased surface area available for air exchange.

A properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover:

two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow.

A patient has bilateral femur fractures. This means that:

both femurs are fractured.

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months.

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:

90 mm Hg

A patient in a semi-reclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the __________ position

Fowler

A newborn has four anatomic abnormalities of the heart. What prefix is used to describe this?

Tetra-

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation

A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if they correctly answer questions regarding:

Day and event

A blood pressure cult that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:

Falsely high systolic and diastolic reading

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is:

13

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 moths

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min.

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:

Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system might make the patient less able to compensate for decrease perfusion

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these similar passages form the:

Alveoli

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:

Apply direct pressure to the wound

A proximal humeral fracture is one that is located:

At the upper part of humerus

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

Brainstem

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

Calcium.

Dead Space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

Contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

Diffusion

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the________ forearm

Distal

Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the:

Elasticity of the lungs decreases

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A patient has kidney disease that is causing him severe pain. What condition does he have and what would be administered for his pain?

Nephropathy; analgesic

A patient lacerated the dorsal aspect of his hand. This means that the injury is:

On he back of hand.

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and as a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:

Open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

A 50-year-old male presents with altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should;

Prepare for immediate transport

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is most directly related to:

Shrinkage of the brain

A patient has blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

Ventricular contraction

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

bilateral

Both areas of the pons are used to:

augment respiration's during emotional or physical stress.

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

beta-1 receptors

A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:

determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

distal humerus fracture

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

is excessively thirsty

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:

liver dysfunction

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

obstructive

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.