EMT Chapter 8

The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi. Select one: a. 200 b. 1,000 c. 500 d. 300

a. 200

What is the extremely rare condition that can cause respiratory depression? Select one: a. COPD has changed the stimulus to breathe to the hypoxic drive and high concentration can depress breathing. b. High concentration of oxygen can depress breathing when the patient has an allergic reaction from the oxygen. c. Lungs can react unfavorably to oxygen when the concentration is too high for a long period of time and this can depress breathing. d. The eyes can develop scar tissue on the retina from a high concentration of oxygen.

a. COPD has changed the stimulus to breathe to the hypoxic drive and high concentration can depress breathing.

When providing airway management and ventilation procedures, which of the following is required for body substance isolation? Select one: a. Gloves, mask, and goggles are needed. b. Gloves only are needed. c. Gloves, gown, mask, and goggles are needed. d. Body substance isolation is not needed unless secretions contain a visible amount of blood.

a. Gloves, mask, and goggles are needed.

Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder? Select one: a. Green b. Orange c. Black d. Blue

a. Green

Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway? Select one: a. It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex. b. It eliminates the need for manual positioning of the patient's head to keep the airway open. c. All of the above d. It is ideal for patients with a suspected skull fracture.

a. It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex.

Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient? Select One: a. The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling. b. The tongue is not as likely to obstruct the airway as in an adult. c. Due to their short necks, pediatric patients require a greater degree of hyperextension to open the airway than do adults. d. Gastric distention is unlikely.

a. The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling.

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient? Select one: a. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device. b. You should not increase the patient's oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic drive to stimulate breathing. c. Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag. d. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute.

a. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.

When suctioning the airway, suction should never be applied for longer than ________ seconds. Select one: a. 60 b. 10 c. 45 d. 30

b. 10

Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator? Select one: a. Medical grade adhesive tape b. A flexible gasket c. A light coating of lubricant d. A pop-off valve

b. A flexible gasket

Which of the following statements BEST describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli? Select one: a. Blood moves by way of the pulmonary capillaries, air arrives at the alveoli, and osmosis occurs. b. Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs. c. Blood moves from the left heart to the lungs, air arrives in the alveoli sacks, and diffusion occurs. d. Air moves into the airway, blood arrives via the pulmonary veins, and osmosis occurs.

b. Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.

Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway? Select one: a. Pharynx b. Bronchi c. Tonsils d. Uvula

b. Bronchi

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would last no longer than 50 minutes flowing at 10 liters per minute? Select one: a. E tank b. M tank c. D tank d. G tank

b. E tank

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? Select one: a. Connect the mask to a humidified oxygen source and observe for the heart rate to slow. b. Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration. c. Make sure the oxygen supply has greater than 200 psi in the tank. d. Insert the proper venture to receive the correct oxygen concentration.

b. Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Why is inhalation described as an active process? Select one: a. It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. b. It requires chest muscles to contract and use c. It uses oxygen to assist chest muscles to contract, creating a negative pressure. d. It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure.

b. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway? Select one: a. Regular chest movements b. Nasal flaring c. Equal expansion of both sides of the chest when patient inhales d. Typical skin coloration

b. Nasal flaring

Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright? Select one: a. Hudson gauge flowmeter b. Pressure-compensated flowmeter c. Constant flow selector valve d. Bourdon gauge flowmeter

b. Pressure-compensated flowmeter

Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure? Select one: a. Filter b. Regulator c. Float ball d. Flowmeter

b. Regulator

You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway? Select one: a. Irrigating the mouth with sterile water to dilute the material before suctioning b. Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached c. Using a 14 French suction catheter d. Using a rigid pharyngeal suction tip

b. Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached

A 28-year-old male has been stabbed in the chest with a hunting knife. As you perform your primary survey, you see that air is escaping from the wound. What is the reason for this? Select one: a. The disruption of chest integrity has caused bronchoconstriction to increase, which makes the only pathway for the air through the wound. b. When the mechanics of breathing are disrupted, a negative pressure cannot be created to pull air through the normal air passages and air is sucked through the wound. c. Chest integrity has caused disruption of the mechanics of breathing over pressuring the plural space, taking the air flow through the wound. d. With the addition of a second passage, the positive pressure in the chest balances with the atmospheric pressure to create a fail segment that allows for air to be sucked through the wound.

b. When the mechanics of breathing are disrupted, a negative pressure cannot be created to pull air through the normal air passages and air is sucked through the wound.

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: Select one: a. hypotension. b. hypoxia. c. hyperventilation. d. hypercarbia.

b. hypoxia.

To be effective, a suction unit must be able to generate air flow of ________ liters per minute and create a vacuum of ________ mmHg. Select one: a. 300; 30 b. 30; 30 c. 30; 300 d. 300; 330

c. 30; 300

A nonrebreather mask at 12-15 liters per minute can deliver to the patient what percent of oxygen? Select one: a. 16-21 b. 24- 44 c. 80- 90 d. 90- 100

c. 80- 90

Which of the following patients does NOT require the administration of supplemental oxygen? Select one: a. A 31-year-old male who is unresponsive due to an overdose of narcotics b. A 6-year-old male with a history of asthma whose breath sounds are silent and who is drowsy c. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband d. A 60-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who can speak two or three words at a time without a breath

c. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband

The point at which the trachea divides into the two mainstem bronchi is called the: Select one: a. xiphoid process. b. sternal notch. c. carina. d. hypopharynx.

c. Carina.

The normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases? Select one: a. Low hydrogen and high carbon monoxide b. High carbon monoxide and low oxygen c. High carbon dioxide and low oxygen d. High hydrogen and low carbon dioxide

c. High carbon dioxide and low oxygen

What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? Select one: a. Decreased depth of respiration, decreased rate of breathing, hot clammy skin, normal mental status b. Rapid breathing, pale skin, and a normal mental status c. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status d. Increased effort to breathe, increased depth of respiration, pink dry skin, normal mental status

c. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning? Select one: a. Suction continuously, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip or catheter. b. Suction intermittently, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip or catheter. c. Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction. d. Begin suctioning as you insert the suction tip or catheter into the mouth.

c. Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction.

Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true? Select one: a. The water reservoir should be changed on a weekly basis. b. The water in the reservoir should be treated with chlorine tablets to prevent the growth of bacteria. c. It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable. d. It should only be used when assisting ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device.

c. It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways? Select one: a. They cannot be used in patients with a suspected skull fracture. b. They require the use of a water-soluble lubricant. c. They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex. d. They do not come in pediatric sizes.

c. They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex.

To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements? Select one: a. Tidal volume and dead space air b. Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate c. Tidal volume and respiratory rate d. Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate

c. Tidal volume and respiratory rate

Your patient, in whom you have inserted an oropharyngeal airway, is beginning to regain consciousness and develop a gag reflex. Which of the following is the proper way of managing this situation? Select one: a. Pull the airway out slightly to keep it away from the back of the throat. b. Spray a topical anesthetic into the throat to prevent the gag reflex from being stimulated. c. Turn the patient on her side and remove the airway. d. Use gentle manual pressure to keep the patient from expelling the airway.

c. Turn the patient on her side and remove the airway.

Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected from his vehicle due to striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first? Select one: a. Apply a cervical collar. b. Apply a nonrebreather mask with an oxygen flow rate of 15 lpm. c. Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen. d. Perform a rapid trauma assessment.

c. Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option? Select one: a. Do not make further attempts to administer oxygen as it will only agitate the patient further. b. Have her breathe into a paper bag to control her hyperventilation. c. Use a nasal cannula instead. d. Consult with medical control about restraining the patient.

c. Use a nasal cannula instead.

The structures within the lung that allow exchange of gases with the bloodstream are known as: a. bronchioles. b. pleura. c. alveoli d. carina.

c. alveoli.

You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: Select One: a. tape the dentures in place. b. remove the dentures. c. leave the dentures in place. d. use an infant mask over the nose.

c. leave the dentures in place.

The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called: Select one: a. inhalation. b. tidal volume. c. ventilation. d. respiration.

c. ventilation.

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute. Select one: a. 8 b. 4 c. 2 d. 6

d. 6

On which of the following types of calls should you bring your portable suction unit to the patient's side upon arrival on the scene? Select one: a. Seizure b. Cardiac arrest c. Motor vehicle collision d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Your patient is a 4-year-old male who was struck by a vehicle and is now unresponsive with an obvious head injury. As you are ventilating him with a bag-valve-mask device, you detect increasing resistance to ventilation. Which of the following should you do? Select one: a. Switch to a flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device. b. Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver to ensure that the airway is open. c. Stop ventilations for 1 to 2 minutes to allow trapped air to escape from the lungs. d. Check your rate of ventilation.

d. Check your rate of ventilation.

What are the signs of hypoxia? Select one: a. Warm dry skin, with difficulty in breathing, and hypertension b. Shock caused from the lack of blood flowing to the vital organs like the brain and heart that is irreversible c. Disease process that robs the patient of adequate breathing and perfusion d. Commonly seen as blue or gray skin, deterioration of patient's mental status like confusion or restlessness

d. Commonly seen as blue or gray skin, deterioration of patient's mental status like confusion or restlessness

Which of the following is true concerning the procedure for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway? Select one: a. The length of the device is not as important as it is with oropharyngeal airways. b. If a water-soluble lubricant is not available, a silicon spray can be substituted. c. It can only be placed in the right nostril. d. The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum.

d. The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum.

Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume? Select one: a. The rate does not decrease minute volume; it actually increases. b. It is due to the delay in the movement of the intercostal muscles and the pleural space. c. The rate causes turbulence in the trachea that increases the friction and decreases the amount of air movement. d. The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.

d. The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure? Select one: a. When the compensatory mechanism is no longer needed and the patient goes into arrest. b. When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems fail with the demand for oxygen, pupils dilate, and the skin becomes hot and dry. c. When the patient who is short of breath, with noisy respiration, presents in the tripod position but then suddenly has the condition clear up and return to normal. d. When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change.

d. When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called: Select one: a. osmosis. b. internal respiration. c. cellular respiration. d. external respiration.

d. external respiration.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called: Select one: a. oxygenation. b. dehydration. c. external respiration. d. internal respiration.

d. internal respiration.