EMT chapter 9 test

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: A. posterior hip dislocation. B. anterior hip dislocation. C. fracture of the tibia or fibula. D. a thoracic spine fracture.

a. posterior hip dislocation

Bone marrow produces: A. cartilage. B. blood cells. C. electrolytes. D. lymphocytes.

b. blood cells

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the: a. part of the body that sustained secondary injury. b. exact part of the bone or joint that was disrupted. c. area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury. d. area of obvious deformity over the site of impact.

c. area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? a. stomach b. bladder c. intestine d. liver

d. liver

Match the following terms with their definitions 1. Liver, pancreas, spleen 2. Displacement of organs outside the body 3. Stomach, small intestine, ureters 4. Injury where there is a break in the skin or mucous membrane 5. Soft-tissue damage inside the body without breaking the skin a. solid organs b. open abdominal injury c. closed abdominal injury d. hollow organs e. evisceration

1. Solid Organs 2. Evisceration 3. Hollow Organs 4. Open abdominal injury 5. Closed abdominal injury

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the: a. radial head. b. distal humerus. c. proximal radius. d. olecranon process.

b. distal humerus

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. deformity. B. swelling. C. point tenderness. D. ecchymosis.

A. deformity

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: A. a relatively small surface area. B. a decreased ability to shiver. C. a smaller overall muscle mass. D. a smaller amount of body fat.

a. a relatively small surface area

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in a. barometric pressure. b. rapid ascent. c. rapid descent. d. decompression.

a. barometric pressure

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n): a. break in the continuity of the bone. b. total loss of function in a bone. c. abnormality in the structure of a bone. d. disruption in the midshaft of a bone.

a. break in the continuity of a bone

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: a. peritonitis may not develop for several hours. b. it commonly protrudes through the injury site. c. the abdomen will become instantly distended. d. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock.

a. peritonitis may not develop for several hours

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should: A. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps. B. manually stabilize her left leg, apply a traction splint, and then secure her to a long backboard or scoop. C. bind both of her legs together with triangular bandages and carefully secure her onto the ambulance stretcher. D. carefully slide a long backboard underneath her, keep her in a supine position, and apply a splint to her leg.

a. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps

Heat stroke occurs when: A. the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed. B. a person becomes dehydrated secondary to excess water loss. C. the ambient temperature exceeds 90°F (32°C) and the humidity is high. D. a person's core body temperature rises above 103°F (39°C).

a. the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed

Signs of late heatstroke include: a. hot, moist skin. b. a weak, rapid pulse. c. nausea and vomiting. d. a change in behavior.

b. a weak, rapid pulse

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes a. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication. b. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. c. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. d. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings.

b. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unconscious, pale, and apneic. You should: a. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae. b. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 45 seconds. c. open his airway and give two rescue breaths. d. apply an AED and assess his cardiac rhythm.

b. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 45 seconds

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie: A. across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. B. above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints. C. across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints. D. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

b. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured: a. aorta. b. diaphragm. c. stomach. d. spleen.

b. diaphragm

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct? a. Hollow abdominal organs are vascular and bleed profusely when injured. b. The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding. c. The liver is well protected and is rarely injured during a traumatic event. d. Most of the vital abdominal organs lie within the retroperitoneal space.

b. the absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called a. reduction. b. traction. c. immobilization. d. stabilization.

b. traction

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of: a. failure to wear seatbelts. b. rapid vehicle deceleration. c. a poorly placed lap belt. d. air bag deployment.

c. a poorly placed lap belt

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is: a. compression of nerves, tissues, and vasculature. b. reduction in circulation distal to the injury site. c. delaying transport of a critically injured patient. d. aggravation of the injury or worsened pain.

c. delaying transport of a critically injured patient

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience: a. a slow pulse. b. muscle stiffness. c. rapid breathing. d. loss of consciousness.

c. rapid breathing

Suspect a possible injury of the urinary bladder in all of the following findings, EXCEPT: A. blood at the tip of the penis or a stain on the patient's underwear. B. blood at the urethral opening. C. physical signs of trauma on the lower abdomen, pelvis, or perineum. D. bruising to the left upper quadrant.

d. bruising to the left upper quadrant

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should: a. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment. b. begin documenting the call on the patient care form. c. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition. d. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

d. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, EXCEPT for the: a. rattlesnake. b. cottonmouth. c. copperhead. d. coral snake.

d. coral snake

Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is considered to be the LEAST severe? a. an amputation of an extremity b. open fractures of a long bone c. multiple closed long bone fractures d. nondisplaced pelvic fracture

d. nondisplaced pelvic fracture

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: a. the EMT must perform a thorough exam. b. vital signs should be monitored frequently. c. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated. d. prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

d. prompt transport to the hospital is essential

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to: a. enhance tissue circulation. b. prevent further injury. c. maintain extremity perfusion. d. reduce pain and swelling.

d. reduce pain and swelling

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically a. full-thickness. b. third-degree. c. partial-thickness. d. superficial.

d. superficial

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct? a. Lighting often results in a brief period of asystole that resolves spontaneously. b. Victims who are struck by lightning often experience severe full-thickness burns. c. The tissue damage pathway caused by lightning usually occurs through the skin. d. Cervical spine fractures are the most common cause of lightning-related deaths.

a. Lightening often results in a brief period of asystole that resolves spontaneously.

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should: a. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse. b. make two or three attempts to restore distal circulation by manipulating the elbow. c. carefully straighten the injured arm and secure it with padded board splints. d. splint the elbow in the position of deformity and transport immediately.

a. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: A. distention. B. nausea or vomiting. C. diffuse bruising. D. referred pain.

a. distention

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through: A. evaporation. B. convection. Incorrect C. radiation. D. conduction.

a. evaporation

To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer: A. into the patient's rectum. B. under the patient's tongue. C. behind the patient's knee. D. under the patient's armpit.

a. into the patient's rectum

In any case of trauma to a female patient, you should always determine if the patient: A. is pregnant. B. is currently menstruating. C. has a history of ovarian cysts. D. is on birth control.

a. is pregnant

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct? A. It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint. B. Most of the body's striated muscle is found within the walls of the blood vessels. C. Striated muscle tissue is attached directly to the bones by tough bands of cartilage. D. Striated muscle is involuntary because you have no conscious control over it.

a. it forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if: a. law enforcement is at the scene. b. there are other patients involved. c. the patient is conscious. d. the severity of the injury is known.

a. law enforcement is at the scene

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the: a. liver. Correct b. ureters. c. stomach. d. bladder.

a. liver

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation? a. local swelling and ecchymosis b. syncope and bleeding at distal sites c. signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion d. general weakness and diaphoresis

a. local swelling and ecchymosis

The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is: A. neurovascular compromise. B. ligament and cartilage damage. C. internal bleeding and shock. D. total depletion of synovial fluid.

a. neurovascular compromise

The mesentery is: A. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines. B. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body. C. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver. D. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs.

b. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should: a. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest. b. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible. c. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries. d. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment.

b. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions, if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should: a. apply the PASG to stabilize his femurs and transport at once. b. bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay. c. splint each of his deformed femurs with long board splints and transport immediately. d. apply traction splints to both of his legs, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

b. bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for: a. a lacerated liver or spleen. b. blunt injury to the kidney. c. external genitalia injury. d. a ruptured urinary bladder.

b. blunt injury to the kidney

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: a. temporary survival after submersion in water. b. death from suffocation after submersion in water. c. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water. d. water in the lungs following submersion in water.

b. death from suffocation after submersion in water

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by: a. decreasing the metabolic rate. b. increasing the metabolic rate. c. retaining excess carbon dioxide. d. decreasing the use of oxygen.

b. increasing the metabolic rate

In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism: A. several layers of clothing must be worn. B. it must be able to evaporate from the body. C. the relative humidity must be above 90%. D. the body must produce at least 1 L per hour.

b. it must be able to evaporate from the body

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the: a. cardiovascular system. b. nervous system. c. renal system. d. respiratory system.

b. nervous system

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: a. pubic symphysis. b. proximal femur. c. pelvic girdle. d. femoral shaft.

b. proximal femur

The pectoral girdle consists of the: a. acromion and clavicles. b. scapulae and clavicles. c. clavicles and rib cage. d. sternum and scapulae.

b. scapulae and clavicles

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: A. high water pressure forces air into the mediastinum. B. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent. C. the alveoli completely collapse due to high pressure. D. the diver hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

b. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are: A. shivering and vasodilation. B. vasoconstriction and shivering. C. vasodilation and respiration. D. respiration and vasoconstriction.

b. vasoconstriction and shivering

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss. A. 1,500 B. 2,000 C. 1,000 D. 4,000

c. 1,000

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures? A. Striated B. Skeletal C. Smooth D. Cardiac

c. Smooth

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they: a. have smaller body surface areas. b. have relatively smaller heads. c. exhibit poor thermoregulation. d. have less body fat.

c. exhibit poor thermoregulation

Peritonitis usually occurs when: A. solid abdominal organs bleed secondary to penetrating trauma. B. the vessels that supply the abdominal organs become inflamed. C. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity. D. bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.

c. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: A. localized pain. B. dark-purple marks. Incorrect C. red areas of skin. D. gross distention.

c. red areas of skin.

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless: a. deformity and swelling are present. b. the patient is in severe pain. c. the patient is clinically unstable. d. transport time is less than 15 minutes.

c. the patient is clinically unstable

A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should: a. keep him on his side but gently straighten his legs. b. place him supine but allow him to keep his knees bent. c. transport him in the position in which you found him. d. apply full spinal motion restriction precautions.

c. transport him in the position in which you found him

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below: a. 88°F (31°C). b. 98°F (37°C). c. 90°F (32°C). d. 95°F (35°C).

d. 95 degrees F (35 degrees C)