EMT Finals

Which of the following best describes a communicable disease?

A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another

Any infections disease is most accurately defined as:

A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

The normal respiratory rate for infants is?

30-60 breaths/min

Normal respiratory rate should not exceed ______ breaths per minute in toddlers and _____ breaths per minute in infants

40, 60

A normal pulse rate for an adult is?

60-100 bmp

A normal pulse rate for children is?

60-140 bpm

What is a pertinent negative?

A negative finding that requires no further care or intervention

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?

Acute anxiety

The primary prehospital treatment for most medical emergencies:

Address is the patient symptoms more than the actual disease process

The primary prehospital treatment for most medical emergencies:

Addresses the patients symptoms more than the actual disease process.

How often should you check the vital signs of an unstable patient?

Every 5 minutes or as often as the situation permits.

Why is tuberculosis not more common than it is?

Infected air is easily diluted with uninfected air, so transmission is inefficient.

A mnemonic used in evaluating a patient's pain: Onset, Provocation/palliation, Quality, Region/radiation, Severity, and Timing.

OPQRST

What mnemonic is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?

OPQRST

Which of the following is used to ask questions about pain?

OPQRST

After performing a primary assessment, a rapid exam of the body should be performed to?

identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment.

When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first

repeat the primary assessment

HIV is caused by what type of organism?

virus

A ________ can spread from one person or species to another.

Communicable Disease

How often should you check the vital signs of a stable patient?

Every 15 minutes

When forming your general impression of a patient with a Medical complaint, it is important to remember that:

The conditions of mini medical patients may not appear serious at first

The normal respiratory rate for adults is?

12-20 breaths/min

The normal respiratory rate for children is?

18-30 breaths/min

When checking the capillary filling time of a patient, the color should return in how many seconds?

2 seconds or less

Which of the following patient is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus?

68 year old man with type two diabetes

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus?

68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes

A normal pulse rate for infants is?

85-205 bpm

What is the normal body temperature?

98.6 F

A method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsive; used principally early in the assessment process.

AVPU Scale

Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway?

Ability to speak

The secondary muscles of respiration. They include the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles.

Accessory Muscles

Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to:

Administer oxygen with the appropriate device

A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body.

Altered Mental Status

What is an index of suspicion?

An awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries or illnesses may exist

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

Any situation that causes vasoconstriction or lots of red blood cells, such as anemia, or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value.

When applying direct pressure to wound and you are unable to stop the bleeding, or you encounter obvious arterial hemorrhage of an extremity, what should you do?

Apply a tourniquet.

External bleeding from an instrument, can usually be controlled initially by:

Applying direct pressure

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:

Ashen

A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 MM Hg, his pulse is 104 bpm and his respirations are 16 breaths per minute your partner has applied, supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribe, nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction, and he tells you that he does. You should:

Ask him when he takes, how much, and when he last took it

A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction (ED), and he tells you that he does. You should:

Ask what he took, when he took it, and how much he has taken

Which of the following will most reliably allow you to determine the nature of the patients illness?

Asking questions related to the chief complaint

You receive the call, Joe a daycare center for an unresponsive eight-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform in assessment, and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to:

Assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent, and his respirations are rapid in shallow. Your initial action should be two:

Assist with his ventilation

Upon initial contact with the patient who appears to be unconscious, you should:

Attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient

Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unconscious, you should:

Attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient.

To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope.

Auscultate

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?

Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope

Which of the following is the most effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?

Auscultating breath sounds with the stethoscope

The process of listening to sounds the body makes by using a stethoscope is known as?

Auscultation

When the skin is bathed in sweat, such as after strenuous exercise or when the patient is in shock, the skin is described as?

Diaphoretic

When should you take standard precautions during an EMS call?

Before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact

The tool used to measure the level of glucose in the patient's bloodstream is known as?

Blood Glucometry

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.

Blood Pressure

Which of the following assessments would be the MOST useful in determining the possible cause of a patient's altered mental status?

Blood glucose level

Which of the following assessments would be the most useful in determining the possible cause of the patients altered mental status?

Blood glucose level

Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?

Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than three years

If a pulse is stronger than a normal pulse it is described as?

Bounding

A pulse rate less than 60 bmp is known as?

Bradycardia

What structure of the brain is responsible for the level of consciousness and maintenance of vital signs?

Brainstem

An indication of air movement in the lungs is usually assessed with a stethoscope.

Breath Sounds

An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope is known as?

Breath sounds

When performing a secondary assessment on a trauma, patient, you note the presence of battle sign. This is defined as:

Bruising behind the ear

Which of the following substances is the main element that the bone cells use to create a hard and resilient structure?

Calcium

A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure is known as?

Capillary Refill

A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing blood from an area such as a nail bed or watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure is known as?

Capillary Refill

A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time is known as?

Capnography

A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time.

Capnography

Which of the following devices would you use to measure a patient's ventilation, circulation, and metabolism?

Capnography

Which of the following devices would you use to measure and patience, ventilation, circulation, and metabolism?

Capnography

A component of air that typically makes up 0.03% of air at sea level; also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system.

Carbon Dioxide

After opening a patient's airway and confirming spontaneous respirations, you check for a pulse on his neck just lateral to the trachea. What artery are you palpating?

Carotid

When responding to a 45 year-old man involved in a motor cycle accident who is unresponsive, where should you palpate for a pulse?

Carotid Pulse

In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

Checking the radial pulse and note in the color, temperature, and condition of the skin

The reason a patient called for help; also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?"

Chief Complaint

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye is known as?

Conjunctiva

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.

Conjunctiva

You arrive at the scene of an accident and observe the patient lying face-up on the ground. As you look at the front side of his body, which plane of the body are you observing?

Coronal

A wet, crackling, sound usually on both inspiration and expiration that may indicate fluid in the lungs is known as?

Crackles

Crackling, rattling breath sounds that signal fluid in the air spaces of the lungs.

Crackles

A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling are known as?

Crepitus

A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together.

Crepitus

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood is known as?

Cyanosis

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. Although paleness, or a decrease in blood flow, can be difficult to detect in dark-skinned people, it may be observed by examining mucous membranes inside the inner lower eyelid and capillary refill. On general observation, the patient may appear ashen or gray.

Cyanosis

Pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest is called what?

Diastolic Pressure

The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart's cycle (diastole) when the left ventricle is at rest.

Diastolic Pressure

A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling.

DCAP-BTLS

A patient short term memory is most likely intact if they correctly answer questions regarding:

Day and event

When performing a rapid exam to identify life threats you should look for DCAP-BTLS. What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?

Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling

You are dispatched to a home where you find a 45-year-old woman in apparent respiratory distress. She is using accessory muscles to help breathe and can only respond with short answers. What is the first step in your assessment process?

Determine Scene Safety

Any injury that prevents the patient from noticing other injuries he or she may have, even severe injuries; for example, a painful femur or tibia fracture that prevents the patient from noticing back pain associated with a spinal fracture.

Distracting Injury

Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?

Does your mother have diabetes?

Which of the following medical history questions would be of least pertinence in an acute situation?

Does your mother have diabetes?

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:

Ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.

True or False. Blood replacement is the basic duty of the spleen.

False, blood filtering the is basic duty of the spleen.

Stroke Volume is the amount of blood moved in 1 minute.

False. Stroke Volume is the amount of blood moved in 1 heart beat. Cardiac Output is the amount of blood moved in 1 minute.

True or False. Blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities passes through the superior vena cava.

False: Blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities passes through the inferior vena cava.

The conclusion about the cause of the patient's condition after considering the situation, history, and examination findings.

Field Impression

When performing a secondary assessment, unconscious, patient with nontraumatic, abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should:

Focus on his or her chief complaint

Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts are frostbitten.

Frostbite

The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patient's surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint.

General Impression

Involuntary muscle contractions (spasm) of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis.

Guarding

Which of the following is an example of a symptom?

Headache

Jaundice is a sign of which disease?

Hepatitis

John, this is a sign of which disease?

Hepatitis

Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct

Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection

Which of the following diseases is the most virulent?

Hepatitis B

Which of the following scenarios does not involve the presence of any symptoms?

Hey 61 year old female, who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

A step within the patient assessment process that provides details about the patient's chief complaint and an account of the patient's signs and symptoms.

History Taking

At what point in the patient assessment process do you investigate the chief complaint?

History taking

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?

How much Tylonol do you take each day?

Blood pressure that is higher than the normal range.

Hypertension

Blood pressure that is lower than the normal range.

Hypotension

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C).

Hypothermia

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees is known as?

Hypothermia

Which of the following medication's with the EMT be least likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

Ibuprofen

Which of the following medication's with the EMT be least likely to administered to a patient with a medical complaint?

Ibuprofen

An anaphylactic reaction constitutes what type of medical emergency

Immunologic

An anaphylactic reaction constitutes what type of medical emergency?

Immunologic

What is the primary purpose of standard precautions?

Infection prevention

Three months after returning home from West Africa, a 50 year old man begins experiencing a fever, cough, and muscle aches. The EMT should suspect:

Influenza

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct?

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.

In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:

It's not a communicable disease

The secondary assessment of a medical patient:

It's not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short

Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction is known as?

Jaundice

Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction.

Jaundice

Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardio vascular problem?

Jugular venous distention

Which of the following assessment findings is most indicated of the cardiovascular problem?

Jugular venous distention

The use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired.

Labored Breathing

When a person is sluggish and lacks energy, they are considered to be what?

Lethargic

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise you should:

Limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin is Sclera or jaundice. You should suspect:

Liver dysfunction

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of the 50 year old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

Load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment while in route to the hospital

our patient's symptoms include high fever, cough, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and shortness of breath. Which of the following should you suspect?

MERS-CoV

Which of the following statements regarding methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct?

MRSA is the bacteria that causes infections and is resistant to most antibodies

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

Manage all threats to airway, breathing, in circulation, and consider requesting in an ALS unit.

You were dispatched to a home where you find a 45-year-old woman in apparently respiratory distress. She is using accessory muscles to help breathe and can only respond with short answers. What is the first step in your assessment process?

Manage the airway

The forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that cause injury.

Mechanism of Injury MOI

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem?

Medical History

When assessing a patient with a Medical complaint, which of the following would most likely reveal the carts of the problem?

Medical history

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells; also called cellular respiration.

Metabolism

Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function

Most peoples are sluggish when the introduction of the bright light is removed

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:

Most serious thing the patient is concerned about

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing.

Nature of Illness

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities, as well as pupillary reactions in patients what they suspected ________ problem?

Neurologic

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BC cuff that reveals that it is 204/120 MM Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMTs should:

Obtain a manual blood pressure

At what point should you make a preliminary transport decision?

Once the preliminary assessment is complete

When assessing pain and gathering information using the OPQRST is helpful. What does OPQRST stand for?

Onset, Provocation/Palliation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing

You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:

Open his airway with the jaw thrust maneuver.

The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person (name), place (current location), time (current year, month, and approximate date), and event (what happened).

Orientation

The greatest danger in displaying a personal bias or labeling a patient who frequently calls EMS is:

Overlooking a potentially serious medical condition

To examine by touch is?

Palpate

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion—in during inhalation, out during exhalation—is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing is known as?

Paradoxical Motion

With regard to the assessment of a patient, cardiovascular status, capillary, refill time is most reliable in:

Patients who are younger than six years of age

The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to: ask if bystanders are familiar with the patient.

Perform a careful and thorough assessment.

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:

Performed a detailed head to toe in exam, and prepare for immediate transport

During your assessment of a six month, old male, with vomiting and diarrhea, you know that his capillary refill time is approximately four seconds. From this information, you should conclude that the infants __________.

Peripheral circulation is decreased

Protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material.

Personal Protective Equipment

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention is known as?

Pertinent Negatives

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention.

Pertinent Negatives

You are assessing and 72 year old man with a domino pain. The patient sitting in the chair, he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you were talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directions attention to a handgun which is located on the nearby table. You should:

Position yourself between the patient and the gun, and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:

Position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

A step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats.

Primary Assessment

The wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries.

Pulse

An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.

Pulse Oximetry

In responsive patients who are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the _______ artery.

Radial

When palpate in a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is?

Rapid

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is:

Rapid

Which of the following actions would not be performed during the scene size up?

Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene Size-up?

Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status.

A step within the patient assessment process performed at regular intervals during the assessment process to identify and treat changes in a patient's condition. A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed every 5 minutes, whereas a patient in stable condition should be reassessed every 15 minutes.

Reassessment

You have completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving supplemental oxygen. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated, and he is now bradycardic, you should:

Repair the patient for immediate transport

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her, that you understand the situation by:

Repeating statements, back to him or her

If you respond to a Home where, in 25-year-old woman is lying in bed. She is semi conscious, but opens her eyes when you speak to her, and is lethargic. How do you rate her on the AVPU scale?

Respond to verbal stimuli

You respond to a home where a 25-year-old woman is lying in bed. She is semiconscious but opens her eyes when you speak to her, and is lethargic. How do you rate her on the AVPU scale?

Responds to verbal stimuli

The way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch), and painful stimuli.

Responsiveness

Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration.

Retractions

Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.

Rhonchi

congested breath sounds may suggest presence of mucus in lungs is:

Rhonchi

When attempting to get the patient's history, what acronym should you use?

SAMPLE

A brief history of a patient's condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to the injury or illness.

Sample

A step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings to provide information about scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care.

Scene Size Up

In what phase of patient assessment do you determine MOI/NOI?

Scene Size Up

What is the first concern when entering a scene?

Scene safety

In what phase of patient assessment do you determine the MOI and the NOI?

Scene size up

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures is known as?

Sclera

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures.

Sclera

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is usually observed only in pediatric patients?

Seesaw breathing

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants, immediate transport?

Severe chest pain and cool, pale skin

Respirations characterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume) or poor chest excursion.

Shallow Respirations

Objective finding that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured.

Sign

What does SAMPLE mean during getting a patient's history?

Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up to the injury/illness.

Jugular vein is distention suggest a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:

Sitting up at a 45° angle

Knowledge and understanding of one's surroundings and the ability to recognize potential risks to the safety of the patient or EMS team.

Situational Awareness

What type of muscle is involved when you hear your stomach growling?

Smooth Muscle

An upright position in which the patient's head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open.

Sniffing Position

What type of breath sound is normally heard during a potential airway obstruction usually caused by the tongue or a foreign body?

Snoring Breath Sounds

When a patient is bleeding from an artery, the blood will be seen coming out in what manner?

Spurting

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.

Standard Precautions

A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.

Stridor

A harsh, high-pitched, respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration (inhalation), that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway is known as?

Stridor

When listening to a patient's breathing, an indication that the patient has an airway obstruction in the neck or upper part of the chest, usually expressed by a brassy, crowing sound that is most prominent on inspiration is known as?

Stridor

When treating a 6-year-old, you note a brassy crowing sound, especially when she breathes in. What is this?

Stridor

When treating a six year old, do you know what a brassy crowing sound, especially when she breathes in. What is this?

Stridor

A crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues is known as?

Subcutaneous Emphysema

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition?

Substance Abuse

Your patient's initial pulse rate was 89 beats/min and now it is 116 beats/min. What part of the nervous system is responsible for this increase?

Sympathetic

Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient.

Symptom

Pressure within the arteries when the heart pumps blood through the body is called what?

Systemic Pressure

The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles (systole).

Systolic Pressure

A pulse rate greater than 100 bpm is known as?

Tachycardia

In an adult, a pulse rate that is greater than 100 bpm is described as?

Tachycardia

Which of the following terms would be used to describe the patient's pulse rate of 140 BPM?

Tachycardia

You are assessing a patient who fell off a ladder. He is conscious and alert and complaining of pain to his right side and shortness of breath. This is known as?

The Chief of Complaint

The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best is known as?

The Golden Hour

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.

Which of the following statements regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct?

The risk of HIV infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the blood stream.

The amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved into or out of the lungs during one breath.

Tidal Volume

What is the purpose of the primary assessment?

To identify and begin to treat immediate life threats

The process of establishing treatment and transportation priorities according to severity of injury and medical need.

Triage

An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward.

Tripod Position

True or False: Erythrocytes are responsible for carrying oxygen.

True

True or False: The pulmonary artery begins at the right side of the heart and carries oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs.

True

The narrowing of a blood vessel is known as?

Vasoconstriction

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:

Ventricles relaxing

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 MM Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:

Ventricles, relaxing

The key signs that are used to evaluate the patient's overall condition, including respirations, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and skin characteristics.

Vital Signs

If a pulse is weaker than normal or difficult to feel, it is described as?

Weak or thready

A high-pitched whistling sound that is most prominent on expiration is known as?

Wheezing

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.

Wheezing

Supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation would MOST likely be administered to patients:

With difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume.

10 days after treating a 34 year old patient with tuberculosis, you were given a tuberculin: skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that:

You were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

Change days after treating a 34 year old patient with tuberculosis, you were given a tuberculin skin test, with shields, a positive result. This most likely indicates that:

You were supposed to another infected person prior to treat in the 34-year-old

An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlining and unseen injuries or illnesses

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

a 61 year old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis.

A sign of respiratory distress seen in the neck is:

accessory muscle use

Sign of respiratory distress seen in the neck is:

accessory muscle use

Skin that is only slightly moist but not covered excessively with sweat is described as?

clammy, damp, or moist

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:

airway, breathing, and circulation

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound.

You receive a call to a daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to:

assess for brachial pulse for 5-10 seconds.

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:

assist his ventilations

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min.

bradycardia

When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle sign. This is defined as:

bruising behind the ear

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they?

cough

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:

count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.

Characterized by light or profuse sweating.

diaphoretic

Typical chief complaints in patients with an infectious disease include:

fever, rash, nausea, and difficulty breathing

A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:

flushed and red

A type of physical assessment typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients. This type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part.

focused Assessment

Hepatitis B is more virulent than Hepatitis C, which means that it:

has a greater ability to produce disease

Three months after returning home from West Africa, a 50-year-old man begins experiencing a fever, cough, and muscle aches. The EMT should suspect:

hepatitis

The elbow is an example of what type of joint?

hinge joint

The goal of the systematic head-to-toe exam that is performed during the secondary assessment is to:

locate injuries not found in the primary assessment.

As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:

maintain stabilization of the head.

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.

The average pressure in the circulatory system during one cardiac cycle.

mean arterial pressure

Widening of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction.

nasal flaring

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm.

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; in during inhalation, out during exhalation- is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing is known as?

paradoxical motion

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused; is in obvious respiratory distress; and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate life-saving treatment, you should:

perform a detailed head-to-toe exam and prepare for immediate transport.

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

perfusion

During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that the infant's:

peripheral circulation is decreased.

A 50 year old male presents with altered mental status. His wife tells you the had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should:

prepare for immediate transport

You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving supplemental oxygen. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should: continue with your secondary assessment.

prepare the patient for immediate transport

Factors that increase the risk of developing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) include:

prolonged hospitalization, especially in an intensive care unit.

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

pulse oximetry is especially useful in patients who have cold extremities because vasoconstriction forces blood to the capillary beds.

A step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed. The examination may be a systematic exam or an assessment that focuses on a certain area or region of the body, often determined through the chief complaint.

secondary assessment

When a patient is bleeding from a vein the blood will?

steadily flow.

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should:

suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min.

tachycardia

Which of the following terms would be used to describe the patient's pulse rate of 140 beats/min?

tachycardia

After sizing up the scene of a patient with the possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:

take standard precautions

Which of the following occurs when a patient's respirations are shallow?

tidal volume is markedly reduced.

A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two or three words at a time without pausing to take a breath.

two-to-three word dyspnea

Narrowing of a blood vessel.

vasoconstriction

When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to:

wiggle his or her toes on command

What is the proper name for the cheekbone?

zygoma