EMT practice final exam

Your patient was struck on the right side of the head by a baseball. Which sign or symptom would indicate a significant head injury?

decreasing mental status

You are completing a patient care report for a patient injured in a car crash. You notice the smell of alcohol and empty beer cans in the vehicle. The best way to document your findings is to

describe the smell of alcohol and empty beer cans which were noted at the scene

Your 54 year old patient is refusing to answer your interview questions. You should

document his refusal and transport

Your patient has spilled a dilute alkali solution into his eyes. You should first

irrigate with clean water

To protect yourself from injury when lifting a stretcher you should

keep the weight as close to your body as possible

The strongest portion of the heart that is responsible for circulating blood to the entire body is the

left ventricle

A 20 yr old female complains of severe abdominal pain. She is in the fetal position. After your primary assessment, you should

obtain baseline vital signs

A 72 y/o female pt is unresponsive following an ejection from a car accident. She has an open jaw fracture and a dialated right pupil. What is the best way to open this pt's airway?

perform a modified head tilt chin lift

How should you open the airway of an infant?

place the head in a neutral position

You are transporting a 68- year old female from a nursing home to a hospital. She has a valid DNR. During transportation, she begins to have trouble breathing. You should:

provide O2 and position the patient for comfort

You're transporting a 62 yr old patient complaining of chest pain. Vital signs are: BP 88/40, P 90, R 12. Online medical control orders you to assist the patient in taking his prescribed nitro. You should

repeat the vital signs and confirm the order

Early signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion can include

Anxiousness

Your patient has been submerged underwater for an unknown period and is in cardiac arrest. After taking c-spine precautions, you should

begin CPR immediately

You are ventilating an apneic infant. His pulse is 54. You are currently ventilating with a BVM with supplemental oxygen. You should

begin chest compressions

Your 90 year old nursing home patient is pulseless and apneic. The nurse shows you a note in the patient's chart stating "Do not resuscitate". The note is signed by a doctor. You should

call on-line medical control

An unbelted driver struck a tree with his vehicle. Upon examination of the chest you see bruising to the right side. Your initial vitals are BP 88/76, P 128, R 20. You should suspect:

cardiac tamponade

An 18 year old male has become increasingly shaky several minutes after administration of a prescribed bronchodilator. You should

continue to reassess the patient every 5 minutes

An unresponsive 10 year old male was hit by a car and is bleeding heavily from an open leg fracture. After securing his airway and manually stabilizing c-spine, you should:

control bleeding from the leg wound

During a birth the baby's head was delivered. You should:

suction the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe

Which of the following is TRUE about the insertion of an OPA?

the OPA should be inserted until the flange rests below the patient's teeth

What is the amount of air moved with one normal breath called?

tidal volume

After air passes through the vocal cords during inhalation, which structure does it reach next?

trachea

Consent to treat is implied in which of the following cases?

21 yr old unconscious male

Which patient would benefit the MOST from helicopter transport?

38 y/o male burn patient with 1st degree burns to 55% of his body

Which of the following pt is MOST at risk for hypovolemic shock?

A hemophilia patient with a nosebleed

Your pregnant patient has a history of asthma. She started having difficulty breathing 15 minutes prior to calling 911. She has used her inhaler three times with no relief. You should

Start O2 therapy at high flow, transport and contact medical control for orders to administer a nebulizer

While transporting a bleeding patient you followed good infection control procedures, including wearing gloves, a mask, protective clothing and eye protection. Further precautions include

Washing your hands with soap and water

Your patient complains of itching and difficulty breathing after a bee sting. He reports no known allergies. His vitals are: BP 136/86, P 118, R 20. You should

administer O2 via NRM and transport immediately

An infant is choking on a piece of candy. You are unable to see chest rise after numerous attempts to ventilate. You should

administer chest compressions

a 11 year old male has crashed his bicycle. The patient's baby sitter is requesting to know the extent of his injuries. You should reply

"You will have to wait and talk with his parents"

Which of the following indicates the correct flow range and delivery percentage for nasal canula?

1-6 LPM / 40%

A 24 y/o male with a history of asthma has stopped breathing. Which ventilation rate would be most appropriate?

10 breaths per minute

A patient complains of left sided chest discomfort. The vital signs are BP 108/68 P 104 R 24 SpO2 90% and her hands are cyanotic. You should

Administer O2 via NRB @ 15 LPM

A 45 y/o diabetic pt is experiencing left arm pain and is sweating profusely. You should

Administer oral glucose

Your 73 y/o pt is sitting in the tripod position. As you approach they motion for assistance in using their inhaler. You should immediately

Assess the patients airway status

A 56 y/o male is complaining of severe CP. He took Viagra two hours ago and has been physically active. You should

Assure an open airway and continue gathering history

You respond to a scene where a mentally ill adult is threatening to kill himself. He is refusing transportation to a hospital. You should

ask law enforcement for assistance

You are helping a 21 y/o pt to self-administer her epinephrine via auto-injector. She has been stung by a bee. You should

Hold injector in place at least 10 seconds

Albuterol is an example of a (an)

Beta-agonist medication

An 18 year old hiker has been bitten by a rattle snake. His vital signs are bp 140/90 p 130 R 24. You should:

Calm the patient and coach him not to move

Your patient is a 56 y/o male who collapses while mowing the lawn. He is apneic and pulseless immediately following collapse. What is the patient most likely experiencing?

Cardiac Arrest

You are dispatched to a 68 y/o female complaining of discomfort in her upper back. She is nauseous and appears to be sweaty. Based on these symptoms, which of the possible causes is most life-threatening.

Cardiac compromise

Your patient is pale, diaphoretic, and complains of chest pressure. Her vitals are R 18 P 58, and BP 88/50. You should suspect

Cardiogenic shock

A conscious 7 year old patient has chemical burns around her mouth from ingesting drain cleaner. Her breathing is adequate. You should:

Contact medical control

An unresponsive pt is bleeding severely from an open wound to her head. Initial efforts to stop the bleeding have failed. Vitals BP 660/40 P 122 R 16. You should

Continue to apply pressure and transport rapidly

A 40-year-old his just been struck by lightning. There are no visible wounds. You should suspect

Deep tissue damage

A 60 y/o female has chest pain. She has not taken her prescribed nitro you should

Determine what type of cardiac problem the pt has, and assist her with taking the nitroglycerin

First responder has delivered a baby. The infant is blue and lethargic; the pulse is 90 you should

Dry, stimulate and apply oxygen

Your patient was on a third floor balcony which collapsed. The patient is semi-conscious, has an impaled piece of wood in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen, an obvious femur fracture and multiple cuts. You should

Establish c-spine protection, open the airway and assess breathing

Bystanders are doing CPR on a 3-month-old infant. You shouldA. Evaluate effectiveness of CPR while gathering info

Evaluate effectiveness of CPR while gathering info

A victim of smoke inhalation has developed difficulty breathing. He does not like the smell of the mask you are using to deliver O2. You should

Explain that the mask is very important and continue its use

A 19-year-old sexual assault victim is bleeding from an external vaginal laceration. You should

Have the patient apply a sterile dry dressing to the wound

Your unresponsive pt is slumped over the kitchen table. A friend tells you that she was fine one minute and started acting abnormally the next. She moans in response to painful stimuli and her skin is pale, cool, and clammy. Her medical alert bracelet denotes diabetes. You should suspect

Hypoglycemia

When infants or children experience breathing difficulties, their pulse may

Increase early, then decrease significantly

A 22-year-old male was hit in the head with a shovel. He has the following signs and symptoms: altered mental status, increasing BP, decreased pulse and unequal pupils. What should you suspect?

Increased intracranial pressure

A 24-year-old male has been stabbed in the right chest. Which of the following signs should you expect?

Increased respiratory effort

A patient has been kicked in the chest. One section of ribs is moving separately during respirations. You should

Initiate positive pressure ventilations

Your 36 y/o pt is unresponsive upon attempting to insert an OPA, the patient gags, You should

Insert a nasal airway

An AED has advised no shock to be delivered to a 60 y/o pulseless and apneic pt. You should

Leave the AED pads in place and begin CPR

When ventilating with a mouth to mask you notice the presence of increasing gastric distention. You should

Manually reposition the airway

Your patient is pale and seems anxious but is speaking in full sentences. You should administer oxygen using a

NRB @ 15 LPM

A 67-year-old female is short of breath and sitting in a tripod position. She is on home oxygen and has had a productive cough over the last few days. During your exam, you note that she is wheezing and breathing with pursed lips. SPO2 is 93%. You should suspect

Obstructive pulmonary disease

A 46 y/o female was involved in a bar fight and has an obvious open neck wound. You should dress this wound with a/ an

Occlusive dressing

A 62 y/o female pt is clutching her chest inside a local restaurant. She is unable to breathe. You should

Perform a series of abdominal thrusts

When opening the airway of an unconscious pt found lying in bed you should

Place one hand on the forehead with the other hand on the angle of the jaw

A 23 y/o construction worker twisted his foot climbing up a ladder. He has an obvious deformity on the right leg just below the knee. The lower leg and foot are cyanotic and pulseless. You should

Pull gentle traction and apply a splint

A four year old patient has hot, dry skin after being inside a car with the windows rolled up on a hot day. You should

Rapidly cool the patient with ice packs everywhere

An intoxicated 33 y/o female was fighting with police. You note some minor scrapes on the pt's leg and face. The pt is being verbally abusive to you. The police want your approval to take the pt to jail. You shouldA. Ask the officer to transport her to the hospital in a squad car for safety

Restrain and transport the patient with police escort

You have administered six shocks to your cardiac arrest patient. She remains pulseless and is not breathing. You should next

Resume CPR and transport

You are called to the scene of a motor vehicle crash, where you find a three-year-old female sitting in an unsecured car seat. She has abrasions to her forehead and right arm. She is alert to voice, her skin is pink and dry, and she appears to breathing normally. You should

Secure the child in the car seat using towels and tape to immobilize her head and chest

A 66 y/o male is confused. He has a history of substance abuse and falls. His breath smells of alcoholic beverage. He is alert and refusing service. You should

Speak calmly to him and convince him to accept transport

Your 25-year-old male pt has sustained a painful, deformed shoulder, injured while playing baseball. This has happened to him before and he wants to "pop it back in" you should

Splint the shoulder as you find it

A 28 y/o female who is 12 weeks pregnant has twisted her left knee while walking. She states the pain is 10/10 in severity. You should

Splint using board splints and cravats and transport sitting

When suctioning a patient, you should

Suction on the way out for no more than 15 seconds

You are treating a 23 y/o pt in a car crash. He is complaining of neck, back and leg pain. He has a cut above his left eye. You should

Take manual stabilization of the spine

A 72-year-old with heart problems fell out of bed. He is confused and has pale and sweaty skin. You should

Take spinal precautions and rapidly transport

What does pulse oximetry measure?

The amount of hemoglobin that is saturated usually with oxygen

An unresponsive 82 year old patient is lying supine. Their airway is most likely to be obstructed by

The tongue

Which of the following BEST describes a bipolar patient?

They appear psychotic during manic phases

A 2-year-old boy has a circumferential burn to his hand up to the wrist. The mother tells you a pot of boiling water spilled onto the boy. You should

Transport and inform the ER that you suspect abuse

You are treating an unconscious 50 year old diabetic patient. You should

Transport the pt as soon as possible

A 4-Year-old female tracheostomy pt has pulled out her tracheostomy tube. The opening is partially obstructed with skin. You should

Use a soft tip catheter and suction until clear

A patient is in respiratory distress after eating soup brought by her neighbor. Her neighbor states "She was eating and suddenly her throat got tight." She is sitting bolt upright in a tripod position. You should suspect

anaphylaxis

A pulseless and apneic 68 year old male has an implanted pacemaker in his right shoulder Without delaying defibrillation, where should you apply the AED pads?

anterior chest and back (between shoulder blades)

Your patient is allergic to bee stings. She suddenly began having watery eyes and itching in her arms. She does not remember being stung. Vital signs: BP 130/80, P 110, R 16. You should:

apply O2 and transport

What is the most effective way to control the spread of infectious disease?

exercise good hand washing technique

A 30 year old male has been struck by a car. You note a contusion and pain to his left hip. There is no crepitous on exam. Vital signs are: BP 110/60, P 72, R 12; You should suspect:

fractured pelvis

Which of the following is an essential component of your oral report?

history related to the current illness

A 23 y/o patient is lethargic. The patient just finished mowing the lawn. He is drooling and sweating profusely. You should suspect

hypoglycemia

One of the most problematic side effects of nitroglycerin is

hypotension

Your 12 yr old patient has a penetrating wound to the abdomen. You may provide care based on

implied consent

You have an unconscious pt with blood in the airway. You should

use a suction unit to immediately clear the airway

You are conducting a physical exam on a responsive female toddler. You should

use a toes-to-head approach

You are inserting an oropharyngeal airway into a 4 year old patient. You should

use a tongue depressor to keep the tongue out of the way

Your patient is in labor. As the baby's head delivers, you notice the amniotic sac has not broken. You should:

use your gloved finger to puncture the membrane

A 5 year old female with asthma is having intercostal retractions. She cannot hold her head up to talk. You shouldA. contact medical control before assisting her with prescribed inhaler

ventilate via BVM at 15 lpm

When driving an ambulance, operators must drive with the safety of others in mind. This is known as​ driving:

with due regard