EMT quiz compilation chapters 1-20

Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock Wheezing Hypotension Pallor Dizziness

Wheezing

A proximal humeral fracture is one that is located At a point closest to the elbow Between the shoulder and elbow At a point closest to the body At the upper part of the humerus

At the upper part of the humerus

This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? Aspiration pneumonia Widespread atelectasis Early pulmonary edema Acute asthma attack

Aspiration pneumonia

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the bargaining phase of the grieving process It's because of our lousy health care system that I developed this brain tumor The doctors must be wrong in their diagnosis because I have always been healthy I will be compliant with all my medications if I can just see my grandson graduate I understand that my death is inevitable and I am ready to die when the time comes

I will be compliant with all my medications if I can just see my grandson graduate

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication Nitrostat Acetaminophen Asprin Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen

The goal of the primary assessment is to: Determine the need to perform a head to toe assessment Identify and rapidly treat all life threatening conditions Determine if the patients problem is medical or traumatic Identify patients that require transport to a trauma center

Identify and rapidly treat all life threatening conditions

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnessed, you should? Asses for adequate breathing Palpate at another pulse site Apply an AED at once Immediately begin CPR

Immediately begin CPR

Asthma is caused by a response of the: Cardiovascular system Immune system Respiratory system Endocrine system

Immune system

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called Ventilation Respiration Metabolism Oxygenation

Metabolism

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Metatarsals

Metatarsals

The chief complaint is most accurately defined as the: Gross physical signs that you detect on assessment Most life-threatening condition that you discover Condition that exacerbates an underlying problem Most serious thing the patient is concerned about

Most serious thing the patient is concerned about

The most serious consequence of drug and alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is substandard or inappropriate patient care punitive action and the loss of a job low morale and frequently missed shifts tension among coworkers and supervisors

substandard or inappropriate patient care

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? Orally Sublingually Inhaled Injected

Sublingually

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should: Suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct Provide positive-pressure ventilatory assistance Place him or her in the recovery position Assess respiratory rate, depth, and regularity

Suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct

When is forcible restraint permitted? When a patient poses a significant threat to self or others Anytime that the EMT feels threatened Only if consent to restrain is given by a family member Only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior

When a patient poses a significant threat to self or others

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than . in front of your torso 5 to 10" 10 to 15" 20 to 30" 15 to 20"

15 to 20"

In infants and children, a capillary refill time that is greater than . Seconds is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion 2 4 1 3

2

The air you breath is . oxygen, and the air you exhale is . oxygen 16% 25% 21% 16% 25% 32% 21% 35%

21% 16%

With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs 175 190 220 150

220

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing and ensure that it generated a vacuum pressure of more than 300 mm Hg 200 mm Hg 400 mm Hg 100 mm Hg

300 mm Hg

After . Minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible 4 to 6 7 1 to 2 2 to 3

4 to 6

The Anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of 6 and 8 months 7 and 14 months 9 and 18 months 3 and 4 months

9 and 18 months

Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock A 20 year old female with absent radial pulse and dilated pupils A 28 year old female with pale skin and rapid , shallow respirations A 32 year old male with anxiety and a systolice blood pressure of 100 mm Hg A 23 year old restless make with cool, clammy skin and tachycardia

A 20 year old female with absent radial pulse and dilated pupils

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position A 24- year old unconscious female who overdosed and has reduced tidal volume A 19- year old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations A 31 year old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing A 40-year old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations

A 31 year old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal A 33-year old semiconscious patient with reduced tidal volume A 64- year old conscious patient with rapid and deep respirations A 40-year old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations A 51- year old confused patient with severely labored respirations

A 40-year old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations

In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified? A 59 year old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath A 50 year old woman states that nothing makes her chest pain better or worse A 56 year old woman states that her chest hurts when she takes a deep breath A 53 year old man with dizziness also tells you that he has vomited three times

A 59 year old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath

Which of the following scenarios does not involve the presence of any symptoms? A 49 year old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears A 61 year old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis A 44 year old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness A 55 year old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea

A 61 year old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

7- a 75 year old male with type one diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing An acute stroke Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia A heart attack

A heart attack

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates Fluid in the alveoli Swelling of the upper airway Secretions in the airway A lower airway obstruction

A lower airway obstruction

Shortly after you load your patient, a 50-year old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. Tha patient is conscious and alert and has no signs of medical incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation id correct. Once the patient is in the ambulance, he cannot legally refuse EMS treatment Because you are suspicious, the best approach is to transport to the hospital A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time Any patient who refuses EMS treatment must leagally sign a patient refusal form

A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time

Stimulation of the parasymphetic nervous system would result in Vasoconstriction A strong pulse A slower heart rate Tachycardia

A slower heart rate

o woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should: A. repeat the arm drift test but move her arms into position yourself. B. repeat the arm drift test and ensure her pals are facing downward. C. instruct the patient to keep her eyes open and then repeat the arm drift test D. defer this part of the test and assess her for facial droop

A. repeat the arm drift test but move her arms into position yourself.

Which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays emergency services (EMS) A vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting A team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured A system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians(EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients

A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

CPR should be initiated when The carotid pulse is very weak A valid living will is unavailable Rigor mortis is obvious Signs of putrefaction are present

A valid living will is unavailable

20. Your patient answers your questions appropriately, although her eyes remain closed the entire time. She moves each extremity on command, although her left side is weaker than her right. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of: A. 12 B. 13 C. 15 D. 14

A. 12

o obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the upper right quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is: A. Acute cholecystitis B. pancreatitis C. acute cystitis D. appendicitis

A. Acute cholecystitis

10. Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? A. Poisoning B. Massive stroke C. Brain tumor D. Head trauma

A. Poisoning

18. The myocardium receives blood from the ___ which originates from the ___ A. coronary arteries, aorta B. aorta, inferior vena cava C. coronary sinus, vena cava D. vena cava, coronary veins

A. coronary arteries, aorta

2. Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle: A. flows into the pulmonary arteries B. has a high concentration of oxygen C. enters the systemic circulation D. was received directly from the aorta

A. flows into the pulmonary arteries

12. Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all the following except: A. hypertension B. hypotension C. bradycardia D. severe headache

A. hypertension

8. What is the function of the left atrium? A. it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs B. it receives blood from the pulmonary arteries C. it receives oxygenated blood from the vena cava. D. It ejects oxygenated blood into the aorta

A. it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

minute with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include: A. recovery position and transport B. ventilatory assistance and transport C. Oral glucose gel and transport D. high-flow oxygen and transport

A. recovery position and transport

7.Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because: A. substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration B. it will create referred pain and obscure the diagnosis C. food will rapidly travel through the digestive tract D. digestion prevents accurate auscultation of bowel sounds

A. substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration

5. Sudden death following AMI is most often caused by: A. ventricular fibrillation B. congestive heart failure C. cardiogenic shock D. severe bradycardia

A. ventricular fibrillation

14. Nitroglycerin in contraindicated in patients: A. who have experienced a head injury B. who have taken up 2 doses. C. with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 D. with a history of ischemic stroke

A. who have experienced a head injury

Which of the following statements regarding the use of an AED in children is correct AED's can be used safely on infants and children by using pediatric pads and an energy reducer AED's are only effective in pediatric patients if severe trauma is the cause of their cardiac arrest If the patient is less than 1 year of age, an AED is preferred over a manual defibrillator AED's are not used in pediatrics patients

AED's can be used safely on infants and children by using pediatric pads and an energy reducer

EMS as we know it today had its origins in 1966 with the publication of Accidental death and disability: the Neglected disease of modern society Emergency care and transportation of the sick and injured The emergency medical services act The department of transportation's white paper: death and dying

Accidental death and disability: the Neglected disease of modern society

dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will most likely develop Acidosis and dehydration Severe insulin shock Hypoxia and over hydration Irreversible renal failure

Acidosis and dehydration

a 56 year old male is found semiconscious by his wife. You assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow. His pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 911. The most likely cause of this patient's present condition is Severe septic hypotension Dehydration from GI virus Acute myocardial infarction A ruptured aortic aneurysm

Acute myocardial infarction

You are dispatched to a residence for a 67 yo female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis and an oxygen saturation of 88%. You should suspect: Right sided heart failure Acute pulmonary edema Acute pulmonary embolism Spontaneous pneumothorax

Acute pulmonary embolism

Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis? The federal government requires the implementation of changes to existing emergency care protocols at least every five years Statistical data indicate that an increasing number of people are being diagnosed with a particular illness Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed EMS providers should be encouraged to actively participate in research and become familiar with data analysis

Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should: Recall that most patients with chronic lung diseases are stimulated to breathe by increased carbon dioxide levels Begin with a low oxygen flow rate, even if the patient is unresponsive, because high flow oxygen may depress his or her breathing Adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations Avoid positive-pressure ventilations because the majority of patients with chronic lung disease are at increased risk for lung trauma.

Adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations

IO route to achieve the fastest effect Withhold drug therapy until an endotracheal tube is in place

Administer drugs via the IV

19- You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. Your assessment reveals her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you should Notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient Place her supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital and request a paramedic intercept en route Immediately load the patient into the ambulance begin transport and attempt to contact medical control Administer epinephrine to the patient and begin immediate transport

Administer epinephrine to the patient and begin immediate transport

min. in addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should Ask him if he took any viagra within the past 24 hours Administer one nitroglycerin and reassess Place him in supine position and transport at once Obtain physician approval to give the nitroglycerin

Administer one nitroglycerin and reassess

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39 year old female with signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction with difficulty breathing and no palpable radial pulse. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drugs name and expiration date, you should Ask her if she takes other medications Administer the drug Contact medical control Request an ALS ambulance to administer the drug

Administer the drug

The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes Performing 5 back slaps and 5 abdominal thrust Advising the patient not to make any attempts to cough Visualizing the airway and removing the obstruction Administering oxygen and transporting immediately

Administering oxygen and transporting immediately

General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery Reaction and resistance, euphoria, and physical exhaustion Immediate reaction, psychological exhaustion and recovery Delayed reaction, alarm response, and physical recovery

Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the Bronchioles Alveolar sacs Pulmonary capillaries Apex of the lung

Alveolar sacs

Which of the following errors is an example of a knowledge-based failure A patient is given nitroglycerin by an EMT who did not obtain proper authorization from medical control first An EMT gives the correct drug to a patient, although his protocols clearly state that he is not authorized to do so An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug Due to an improperly applied cervical collar, a patient's spinal injury is aggravated and he is permanently disabled

An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug

Which of the following statements regarding the EMS medical director and an EMT's scope of practice is correct The EMS medical director can expand or limit an individual EMT's scope of practice without state approval An EMTs scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval The EMS medical director can expand the ENTs scope of practice but cannot limit it without state approval An EMTs scope of practice is exclusively regulated by the state EMS office, not the EMS medical director

An EMTs scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited Without anaerobic metabolism, perfusion to the body will suffer and result in death The body functions optimally and produces maximum ATP during anaerobic metabolism Anaerobic metabolism can be supported in most of the body's cells for up to 10 minutes

Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct? The signs of anaphylaxis are caused by widespread vasoconstriction Patients with asthma are at lower risk of developing anaphylaxis Most anaphylactic reactions occur within 60 minutes of exposure Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension

A trauma patient has a gunshot wound to the left side of the chest, away from the nipple. How should the injury location be described? Anterolateral Inferomedial Anteroposterior Inferoposterior

Anteroposterior

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is Carotid Femoral Brachial Aorta

Aorta

When performing rapid extrication technique to remove patient from his or her vehicle, you should Apply cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard Apply cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a short backboard Grasp the patient by the clothing and drag him or her from the car Apply a vest-style extrication devise prior to moving the patient

Apply cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard

min Perform a rapid exam and obtain vital signs Assisting the patient with his diabetic medication Administering one to two tubes of oral glucoses

Applying a nonrebreather mask at 15 L

Which of the following is the most effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs? Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope Applying a pulse oximeter and monitoring the SpO2 Evaluating the patients chest for cyanosis Looking for the presence of accessory muscle use

Applying a pulse oximeter and monitoring the SpO2

During your monthly internal quality improvement (OI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCR) with staff of your EMS system. You identify the patients name, age, and sex and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMT's in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you Violated the patients privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMT's involved Are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand Acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the cases with others Adequately safeguarded the patients PHI because the cases were discussed internally

Are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand

You are dispatched to the residence of a person who frequently calls 911 for nonemergency care. You should Respond under the assumption that an acute emergency exists Defer the call to local private ambulance company Refuse the call, but thoroughly document the patients circumstances Ask the dispatcher to send law enforcement before you respond

Ask the dispatcher to send law enforcement before you respond

An example of an anti-inflammatory is Oxygen Nitroglycerin Nar can Aspirin

Aspirin

After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should Apply the AED and deliver shock, if needed Manually open the airway Immediately begin chest compressions Assess for breathing and pulse

Assess for breathing and pulse

According to the national EMS scope of practice model, an EMT should be able to Interpret a basic (ECG) rhythm and treat accordingly Administer epinephrine via the subcutaneous route Insert a peripheral IV line and infuse fluids Assist a patient with certain prescribed medications

Assist a patient with certain prescribed medications

min. she took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should Give her high flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport Recall that geriatric patients often take multiple medications and that interactions can occur with potentially negative affects Transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin Assist her taking one more nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure and contact medical control for further instructions

Assist her taking one more nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure and contact medical control for further instructions

A 62 year old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen and if needed contacting medical control, you should Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg Administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure Begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit Administer nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours

Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg

You and your partner are treating a 66 year old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80% you should Apply high flow oxygen via nonbreathing mask Attempt to insert an oropharyngeal airway Assist his ventilations with bag- mask device Administer continuous positive airway pressure

Assist his ventilations with bag- mask device

3- 1 31 year old male with a history of diabetes had a seizure that stopped prior to EMS arrival. He is unresponsive and has rapid, shallow breathing. His pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is cyanotic. The EMT should Position the patient on his side and give oxygen via non rebreathing mask Assist the patients ventilations with a bag mask Administer oxygen by nasal cannula and assess his blood glucose level Place a thin layer of oral glucose between his cheeks and gums

Assist the patients ventilations with a bag mask

min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the most appropriate treatment for the patient includes Assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities Oxygen via non-rebreathing mask, blankets for warmth and elevation of his head Oxygen via non-rebreathing mask , thermal management and elevate his legs Assisted ventilation, preventing hyperthermia, and elevating his lower extremities

Assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities

19- kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is Attempting to eliminate acids from the blood Compensating for decreased blood glucose levels Trying to generate energy by breathing deeply Severely hypoxic and eliminating excess CO2

Attempting to eliminate acids from the blood

Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training Intranasal medication administration Use of a manually triggered ventilator Automated eternal defibrillation Oral glucose for hypoglycemia

Automated eternal defibrillation

To avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object you should Push the patient from an overhead position if possible Kneel if you are pushing an object that is above waist level Push from the area of your body between the knees and hips Avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended

Avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended

1. A 39 year old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the most compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport? A. His Glasgow Coma Scale is 15 B. He is currently not prescribed any medication C. His wife states this is his "usual" seizure D. He has experienced seizures since he was 20.

B. He is currently not prescribed any medication

9. Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? A. a postictal state B. Hypovolemia C. Hypoglycemia D. Intracranial bleeding

B. Hypovolemia

o pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the past 2 days Today she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: A. acute pancreatitis B. Mallory-Weiss tear. C. esophageal varices D. esophagitis

B. Mallory-Weiss tear.

3. A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by: A. Unconsciousness for greater than 30 minutes B. Severe twitching of all body muscles C. a blank stare and brief lapse of consciousness D. a core body temperature of greater than 103 degrees F

B. Severe twitching of all body muscles

19. Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation are correct? A. The AED will shock any rhythm not accompanied by a pulse B. The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient C. CPR should be performed for 5 minutes before using the AED D. Defibrillation is the first link in the AHA chain of survival

B. The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient

or lower abdominal quadrants is MOST suggestive of: A. acute appendicitis B. an aortic aneurism C. acute pancreatitis D. Kidney infection

B. an aortic aneurism

3. Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by: A. increasing the amount of stress that is placed on the myocardium B. dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow C. constricting the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow D. contracting the smooth muscle of the coronary and cerebral arteries

B. dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow

o female, you should: A. insert a nasal pharyngeal airway and assist ventilations B. ensure a patent airway and assist ventilations as needed C. immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level D. ask family members is the patient has a history of stroke

B. ensure a patent airway and assist ventilations as needed

4. Prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED, it is MOST important that you: A. perform up to 5 minutes of effective CPR B. ensure no one is touching the patient C. properly position the defibrillation pads D. confirm that the patient is in cardiac arrest

B. ensure no one is touching the patient

8. Peritonitis may result in shock because: A. abdominal distension impairs cardiac contractions B. fluid shifts from the blood stream into the tissue C. sewvere pain causes systemic dilation of the vasculature D. intra-abdominal hemorrhage is typically present

B. fluid shifts from the blood stream into the tissue

16. In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: A. lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and is stimulated when the abdominal organs contract B. is supplied by nerves of the autonomic system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. C. is supplied by the same nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen D. is less likely to become enflamed or infected because it lines the abdominal organs themselves.

B. is supplied by nerves of the autonomic system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

17. Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in: A. pain secondary to blood in the peritoneum B. leakage of the contents into the abdominal cavity C. profound shock due to severe internal bleeding D. impairment in the blood's clotting abilities

B. leakage of the contents into the abdominal cavity

11. An acute myocardial infarction occurs when: A. the heart muscle weakens and dysfunctions B. myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen C. coronary artery dilation decreases blood flow to the heart D. the entire left ventricle is damaged and cannot pump blood

B. myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen

o male stopped seizing. You assessment reveals he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes topirimate (Topamax). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to: A. determine when he was last seen by a physician B. obtain a description of how the seizure developed C. determine if the patient is a known alcohol abuser. D. Ask her how long the patient has been taking her medication

B. obtain a description of how the seizure developed

6. The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1month to 8 years if: A. his or her condition is rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest B. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available C. he or she is not breathing and has a weakly palpable pulse D. special pads are used and the child has profound tachycardia

B. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available

15. Functions of the liver include: A. production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels B. secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances C. absorption of nutrients and toxins D. release of amylase which breaks down starches into sugar

B. secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances

18. The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is: A. positioning the patient on his or her side B. transporting the patient without delay C. giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion D. administering high flow oxygen.

B. transporting the patient without delay

An EMT might injure his or her back, even if it's straight, if the Back is bent forward at the hips Shoulder is aligned over the pelvis Hands are held close to legs Force is exerted straight down the spine

Back is bent forward at the hips

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock Bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection Viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage and vasoconstriction Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to: Not react Dilate Become smaller Become larger

Become smaller

When should you take standard precautions during an EMS call? Immediately after completion of your primary assessment Before you load the patient into the ambulance Before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact After it has been determined that the patient is bleeding.

Before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact

You and your partner arrive at the side of a 60 year old women who collapse about 7 minutes ago, she is unresponsive apneic, and pulseless. You should Begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as its available Immediately apply the AED and analyze her cardiac rhythm Apply the AED if there is no response after 10 cycles of CPR Begin CPR at a compression to ventilation ratio of 15 to 2

Begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as its available

When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR Order cannot be located, you should Begin resuscitation at once Contact medical control first Determine the patients illness Notify the coroner immediately

Begin resuscitation at once

Which of the following skills would a layperson most likely be trained to perform before EMS arrival of EMS Administration of supplemental oxygen Bleeding control using a tourniquet Obtaining a manual blood pressure Insertion of an oropharyngeal airway

Bleeding control using a tourniquet

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patients upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the artery? Radial Fermoral Apical Brachial

Brachial

8. Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures? A. Poisoning or overdose B. Acute hypoglycemia C. Hypotension D. Acute alcohol withdrawal

C. Hypotension

19. Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct? A. The purpose of dialysis in to help the kidneys retain salt and water. B. Hemodialysis is effective but comes with a high risk of peritonitis. C. Patients who miss dialysis treatment often present with weakness. D. Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis

C. Patients who miss dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

50 mm hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A. rapidly transport to the hospital B. Give her high flow oxygen C. Protect her airway from aspiration D. Keep her supine and keep her warm.

C. Protect her airway from aspiration

10. Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk? A. Cephalic B. Axillary C. Saphenous D. Subclavian

C. Saphenous

o female was found unconscious is an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert tag that states she is an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to her. You should: A. apply oxygen via non-rebreathing mask, place her on her left side and transport. B. place a bite block in her mouth in case she has a seizure and transport at once. C. assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport. D. apply oxygen via non-rebreathing mask and transport for her blood -alcohol test.

C. assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport.

16. The inferior vena cava returns blood to the right side of the heart from all the following areas EXCEPT the: A. abdomen B. kidneys C. brain D. legs

C. brain

11. Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictil state that follows a seizure? A. a rapidly improving level of consciousness B. hyperventilation and hyper-salivation C. confusion and fatigue D. a gradually decreasing level of consciousness

C. confusion and fatigue

7. The most common error associated with the use of an AED is: A. inappropriately placed adhesive defibrillation electrodes B. inability of the EMT to recognize ventricular fibrillation C. failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged D. malfunction of the AED's internal computer processor

C. failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged

15. Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include: A. excess stress B. hyperglycemia C. family history D. lack of exercise

C. family history

Which of the following conditions would the EMT most likely administer humidified oxygen Apena Hypoxia Croup Blood loss

Croup

o male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive apneic and pulseless. You should: A. obtain a blood glucose sample to rule out hypoglycemia B. perform CPR for 5 minutes before applying the AED C. initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible D. assess the patient for facial droop and hemiparesis

C. initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible

min and labored. You should: A. place him in a supine position, elevate his extremities, and transport at once. B. perform a detailed secondary assessment and then transport him to a dialysis center. C. leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport. D. treat for shock and request a paramedic unit to respond to the scene and assist you.

C. leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport.

o woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should: A. Place a bite block between her teeth, apply high flow Oxygen, via NRB, and consider a NPA. B. Wait for the seizure to stop, manually open her airway, inset an OPA, and assess her oxygen saturation with the pulse oximeter. C. maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove vomitus, insert an NPA and administer high flow oxygen. D. restrain her extremities to prevent her from injuring herself, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, and assist her ventilations with a BVM.

C. maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove vomitus, insert an NPA and administer high flow oxygen.

o female has stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented. She keeps asking you what happened and tells you she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken any in a few days. She also tells you she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: A. give her small cups of water to drink and observe for further seizure activity. B. place her in the recovery position and transport her with lights and sirens. C. monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level. D. administer one tube of oral glucose and prepare for immediate transport.

C. monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.

19. You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2 year old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child has been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should: A. cover the child with wet towels and give oxygen via nasal cannula. B. advise the mother to take the child to the doctor the following day. C. transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route. D. call medical control and request permission to give the child aspirin

C. transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.

9- in contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia Commonly results is excess water retention Can only be corrected in the hospital setting Is rapidly reversible if oral glucose is given Is a rapidly developing metabolic disturbance

Can only be corrected in the hospital setting

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is Adenosine triphosphate Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide Lactic acid

Carbon dioxide

Hazards that are associated with a structure fire include all of the following except Carbon dioxide deficiency High ambient temperatures Risk of building collapse Smoke and toxic gases

Carbon dioxide deficiency

Which of the following is NOT an indication to stop CPR once you have started Pulse and respiration returns Care is transferred to a bystander You are physically exhausted A physician directs you to do so

Care is transferred to a bystander

Several attempts to open up a trauma patients airway with the jaw thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should Tilt head back while lifting up on patients neck Carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver Try opening up the airway by lifting up the chin Suction the airway and reattempt the jaw thrust maneuver

Carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver

When treating an 80-year old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that Medications older patients take for hypotension often cause and unusually fast heart rate Compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume Changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases vomiting The older patients central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock

Changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases vomiting

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your most immediate action should be to Ventilate her with a bag-mask device Check her airway for obstructions Administer high flow oxygen Move her to the ambulance stretcher

Check her airway for obstructions

The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by: Chronic stretching of the alveolar walls Acute fluid accumulation in the alveoli Massive constriction of the bronchioles Repeated exposure to cigarette smoke

Chronic stretching of the alveolar walls

16- Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will most likely reveal Warm, dry skin Combativeness Sunken eyes Hyperactivity

Combativeness

Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy The construction of a guardrail on a dangerous curve following a fatal motor vehicle crash Teaching a group of new parents how to perform one-and two- rescuer infant CPR Community awareness programs that emphasize the dangers of drinking and driving Protecting a patients spine from further injury after a fall from a significant height

Community awareness programs that emphasize the dangers of drinking and driving

You should deliver chest compressions to an unresponsive adult patient in cardiac arrest by Compressing the sternum between the nipples Placing the heel of your hand on the xipjoid Depressing the sternum more than 2.5 inches in depth Compressing quickly and releasing slowly

Compressing the sternum between the nipples

You are treating a middle age man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient you should Assit the patient in taking one of his prescribed nitroglycerin's assess his vital signs and give him aspirin is he still experiencing chest discomfort Contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patients chief complaint and vital signs, and request permission to give aspirin Confirm the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin and document the time and dose given Ensure that the patients systolic blood pressure is a least 100mm Hg because aspirin dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure

Confirm the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin and document the time and dose given

1- a 19 year old male complains of " not feeling right" his insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads "error" after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. you should Assist him with his insulin injection and reassesses him Contact medical control and administer oral glucose Request a paramedic ambulance to administer IV glucose Transport only with close, continuous monitoring

Contact medical control and administer oral glucose

While transporting a women with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose through her blood glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and nopte that her condition did not change: she remained stable. You should Exclude this intervention from the PCR because it did not harm the patient Notify law enforcement Document the error and report it to your supervisor Contact medical control and notify the error

Contact medical control and notify the error

An appropriate demonstrations of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding or unpleasant is to Ignore the patients feelings and focus on his or her medical complaint Demand that the patient remain quiet and cooperative during transport Reassure the patient that everything will be alright, even if it will not be Continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful

Continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful

While transporting a stable patient with chest to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patient. You should Remain at the scene until law enforcement and another ambulance arrive Ask a bystander to remain with your patient as you treat the crash victims Stop and triage the patient while your partner remains in the ambulance Continue transporting your patient and notify dispatch of the crash

Continue transporting your patient and notify dispatch of the crash

17- common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following EXCEPT Warm, dry skin Cool, clammy skin Acetone breath odor Rapid, thread pulse

Cool, clammy skin

o male pr4esents with confusion, right sided weakness, and slurred speech. His airway is patent, and his breathing is adequate. His wife is present and is very upset. Which of the following has the MOST immediate priority? A. Administrating glucose to rule out hypoglycemia B. Documenting all his current medications C. Obtaining a complete set of baseline vital signs D. Asking his wife when she noticed the symptoms

D. Asking his wife when she noticed the symptoms

9. Which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system? A. Constriction of the blood vessels in the digestive system B. Increase the heart and respiratory rate C. Dilation of blood vessels in the muscles D. Constriction of the blood vessels in the muscles

D. Constriction of the blood vessels in the muscles

1. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe: A. the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded B. A severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate C. the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack D. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia

D. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia

min. His wife tells you he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced: A. Acute hypoglycemia B. an occluded cerebral artery C. a complex partial seizure D. a ruptured cerebral artery.

D. a ruptured cerebral artery.

14. An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to: A. encourage the patient to remain in a supine position B. provide emotional support en-route to the hospital. C. give 100% oxygen only if signs of shock are present D. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

D. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

o male presents with sudden onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of the umbilicus. You should: A. place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once. B. request a paramedic unit to give the patient pain medication C. vigorously palpate the abdomen to establish pain severity. D. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

D. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

4. An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called: A. atherosclerosis B. A thrombus C. an embolism D. an aneurism

D. an aneurism

11. You are dispatched to an apartment for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to: A. quickly gain access to the patient B. place a paramedic ambulance on standby C. notify the dispatcher of your arrival D. assess the scene for potential hazards

D. assess the scene for potential hazards

o male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to: A. determine the exact location and cause of his pain B. assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy. C. transport in the supine position D. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock

D. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock

10. Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct? A. In the majority of cases, bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract occurs acutely and is severe B. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding results from conditions such as Mallory-Weiss syndrome C. Chronic bleeding with the gastrointestinal tract is usually more severe than bleeding that occurs acutely. D. bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.

D. bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.

6. Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following EXCEPT: A. thrombus B. an embolism C. an acute arterial rupture D. cerebral vasodilation

D. cerebral vasodilation

o male with "tearing" abdominal pain. You are approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your reassessment you determine that the patient's condition has deteriorated significantly. You should: A. assist his ventilations with a BVM. B. continue transporting and alert the receiving hospital C. immediately perform a rapid physical examination D. consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit.

D. consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit.

5. A young woman presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain? A. liver B. pancreas C. gallbladder D. kidney

D. kidney

13. Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all the following EXCEPT: A. sudden unexplained sweating B. shortness of breath or dyspnea C. irregular heartbeat D. pain exacerbated by breathing

D. pain exacerbated by breathing

min. in addition to giving him high flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: An antihistamine A beta-antagonist Albuterol Epinephrine

Epinephrine

9. When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should: A. Observe for abdominal guarding, which is characterized by sudden relaxation of the abdominal muscles when palpated B. visually asses the painful area of the abdomen, but avoid palpation because this could worsen his or her condition. C. ask the patient to point to point to the area of pain and assess for rebound tenderness over that specific area. D. palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patienet indicates is painful.

D. palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patienet indicates is painful.

17. The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it: A. receives blood directly from systemic circulation B. pumps blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated C. uses less oxygen than other chambers of the heart D. pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation

D. pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation

50. His pulse is 110 and irregular. You should: A. Remove the nitroglycerin patch and apply the AED in case cardiac arrest develops B. Complete your secondary assessment and reassess BP in 5 minutes C. Move the nitroglycerin patch to the other side of his chest and administer oxygen D. remove the nitroglycerin patch, administer oxygen, and place him in a supine position

D. remove the nitroglycerin patch, administer oxygen, and place him in a supine position

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine? Decreases heart rate and blood pressure Dilates passages in the lungs Constricts the blood vessels Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations: Rapid and shallow Slow and deep Deep and rapid Slow and shallow

Deep and rapid

5- a 50 year old male with diabetes has an altered mental status and is unable to tell you when he last ate or took his insulin. Your glucometer keeps malfunctioning and you are unable to determine his blood glucose level. Which of the following clinical signs would MOST likely lead you to the correct diagnosis Rapid and weak pulse Deep and rapid breathing Restlessness and irritability Hypotension and tachycardia

Deep and rapid breathing

Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume Irregular breathing Deep respirations Shallow breathing Agonal respirations

Deep respirations

min Deliver one rescue breath every 6 seconds Pause compressions to deliver ventilations Decrease the compression rate to about 80 per min

Deliver one rescue breath every 6 seconds

Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR Agonal respiration effort Pulselessness and apnea Severe cyanosis to the face Dependent blood pooling

Dependent blood pooling

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? Sebaceous Subcutaneous Epidermis Dermis

Dermis

You are dispatched to the residence of a 40-year old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert. And states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. at this point, your primary concern should be to Advise her that she needs to go to the hospital Provide emotional support regarding her sister Determine is she was injured when she fainted Obtain baseline vital signs and medical history

Determine is she was injured when she fainted

The . is a muscular dome that separates the thorax from the abdomen Diaphragm Costal arch Costovertebral Mediastinum

Diaphragm

Inhalation occurs when the Diaphragm ascends and the intercostal muscles contract, causing a decrease in intrathoracic pressure Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause decrease in intrathoracic pressure Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure Diaphragm and intercostal muscles ascend and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause decrease in intrathoracic pressure

Upon arriving at a scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards as you approach the vehicle, you note the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should Apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes pull Direct your partner to apply manual in-line support the patients head Slide long back board under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board Apply a vest style extrication device before attempting to move the patient

Direct your partner to apply manual in-line support the patients head

You are transporting a veteran whose legs were amputated in the war. When calling your radio report to the emergency department, which of the following words would be the most appropriate to use when describing the patient? Handicapped Deformed Crippled Disabled

Disabled

A women amputated the tip of her finger. Which directional term should be used to describe her injury location? Superior Distal Lateral Medial

Distal

Despite your numerous, sincere efforts to convince a 40 year old man to consent to EMS treatment and transport, he refuses. After explaining the potential consequences of his refusal and determining that the patient has decision making capacity, you just ask him to sign an EMS refusal form, but he refuses to do that as well. You should Sign the refusal, include the date and time, and have your partner witness it with his or her signature Document the patients refusal but leave the refusal form blank because only the patient can sign it Ask a family member, law enforcement officer or bystander to sign the form verifying that the patient refused to sign Advise the patient that unless he signs the refusal form, he cannot legally refuse EMS treatment or transport

Document the patients refusal but leave the refusal form blank because only the patient can sign it

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the Ventral pedis Dorsalis pedis Anterior tibial Posterior tibial

Dorsalis pedis

damages, and causation Abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation

Duty to act, breach of duty, injury

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based mostly on Local protocols EMS research The lead EMT's guidelines Regional trauma guidelines

EMS research

10- Insulin functions in the body by Increasing circulation blood glucose Enabling glucose to enter the cells Metabolizing glucose to make energy Producing new glucose as needed

Enabling glucose to enter the cells

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities Skeletal Reproductive Nervous Endocrine

Endocrine

The EMT certification exam is designed to Ensure that EMTs are competent and have the same level of knowledge and skills Rank EMTs based on performance on the certification exam Provide EMTs with the best possible wage once certification is achieved Identify those EMTs who are prepared for advanced levels of training

Ensure that EMTs are competent and have the same level of knowledge and skills

You are dispatched to an office building for a 49 year old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 911 a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should Err in the best interest of the patient and transport him at once Ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care Have him sign a refusal of care form and then return to service Tell him that he is having a heart attack and needs medical care

Ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to Function above his or her scope of practice Consistently exceed the standard of care Contact medical control on every EMS call Exercise reasonable care and act prudently

Exercise reasonable care and act prudently

Which type of consent is involved when a 39 year old, mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? Formal Implied Informed Expressed

Expressed

a 56 year old female is found supine in a narrow hallway fo her mobile home. She complains of severe weakness and dizziness, and states that she is unable to walk. There is no evidence of trauma, and the patient states that she did not fall. How should you and your partner move this patient to a more spacious area Extremity lift Scoop stretcher Emergency move Direct carry

Extremity lift

Neurogenic shock occurs when Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation The spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging Massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury There is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container

Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation

dL Fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable

Fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable

Which of the following are central pulses Femoral and carotid Temporal and pedal Brachial and radial Popliteal and ulnar

Femoral and carotid

Together, the right and left lung contain . lobes Five Six Four Three

Five

a 27 year old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is most important to Ask bystanders what happened Follow standard precautions Call for an ALS ambulance Form a general impression

Follow standard precautions

min. Place him in a position of comfort, deliver oxygen via nasal cannula, and closely monitor his breathing

Force fluid from his alveoli by hyperventilating him with a bag-valve mask ata rate of at least 20 breaths

5 signs of sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following EXCEPT Grasping the throat Forcefully coughing Inability to speak Acute cyanosis

Forcefully coughing

superior aspect of the thigh is called Sacroiliac joint Greater trochanter Iliac crest Sacral symphysis

Greater trochanter

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, not breathing and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should Have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased Request the fire department to extricate the patient so you can begin CPR Ventilate the patient for five minutes and then stop if there is no response Stop any active bleeding and advise dispatch to send a paramedic crew

Have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased

min in elderly patients with internal injuries Functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increase due to increased production of red blood cells Blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people cannot contract easily

His ability to physiologically compensate for his injury might be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output

What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patients chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have? General impression Primary assessment History taking Secondary assessment

History taking

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history? When was the last time you had a meal? Have you ever had any major surgery? How long have you had your chest pain? How much Tylenol do you take each day?

How much Tylenol do you take each day?

The deals with the well-being of the EMT, career progression and EMT compensation Office of medical director Local public health department Human resources department EMS administrator

Human resources department

Without adequate oxygen, the body cells Cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood Rely solely on glucose, which is completely concerted into adenosine triphosphate Begins to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids Incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood

Incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of: Decreased oxygen levels Increased oxygen levels Increased carbon dioxide levels Decreased carbon dioxide levels

Increased carbon dioxide levels

Characteristics of following dispatch to a high speed motor vehicle collision include: Short term loss of energy due to high physical demand of the job The inability to remain focused, because the task at hand is demanding Long-term feelings of being overwhelmed by the nature of the call Increased self-image from pretending well under challenging situation

Increased self-image from pretending well under challenging situation

With providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. Which route of transmission does this scenario describe? Airborne transmission Vector-borne transmission Indirect contact Direct contact

Indirect contact

A 16 year old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should Inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible Obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents Avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering Recall the patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults

Inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21 yo female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should: Place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting Apply oxygen via a nonrebreather mask and transport at once Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation Insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient exhales, and before inhaling, the patient should put his or her lips around the inhaler, take a deep breath, and depress the inhale. You should: Advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption Instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can Allow him to breath room air and assess his oxygen saturation Immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition.

Instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can

dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for his partner includes Insulin Oxygen Glucagon Dextrose

Insulin

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation Occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs Is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure Requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure

Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure

18- in contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes Is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults Is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level Is caused by a complete lack of insulin in the body Occurs when antibodies attack insulin-producing cells

Is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level

Which of the following signs would indicate that your partner is experiencing significant stress? Increase interest in daily activities Acute increase in appetite Hyperactivity during an EMS call Isolation from the rest of the crew

Isolation from the rest of the crew

If an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on a written report It was not performed, according to the eyes of the law It cannot be used in establishing negligence It was not performed haphazardly by the EMT It can be qualified by the EMT in charge

It was not performed, according to the eyes of the law

You are assessing a patient with respiratory distress and are unsure if the cause is congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following clinical signs would be the MOST helpful in determining whether the patient has chronic heart failure or COPD? Jugular vein distension Altered mental status Cyanosis of the skin Rapid breathing

Jugular vein distension

When carrying a patient on a back board up or down stairs Keep the foot end elevated Keep your palms facing down Carry patient head first Keep head end elevated

Keep head end elevated

An 81 year old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the most appropriate method of immobilizing this patient Immobilize her in a supine position on a long backboard and secure her with straps Move her to a supine position and immobilize her with scoop stretcher and padding Leave her on her side and use blankets to roll to immobilize her to the long back board Apply a cervical collar and place her in a sitting position on the wheeled stretcher

Leave her on her side and use blankets to roll to immobilize her to the long back board

The proper technique for using power grip is to Lift with your palm up Position your hands about 6" apart Rotate your palmsd down Hold the handle with your fingers

Lift with your palm up

Which of the following steps is not proper procedure when performing an emergency move Using a long-axis body drag during the move Pulling the patient on a blanket or similar object Lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her Pulling the patients clothing in the shoulder area

Lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her

The . fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen Liver Pancreas Spleen Stomach

Liver

Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock Repeated diarrhea Excessive sweating Severe vomiting Liver lacerations

Liver lacerations

All of the following are considered to be protected health information (PHI), except Treatment rendered Location of call Patient history Assessment findings

Location of call

Which of the following is the most appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury Long backboard Wheeled stretcher Portable stretcher Scoop stretcher

Long backboard Which of the following statements regarding the neonatal isolette is correct If an isolette is not available, the neonate can safely be transported on the stretcher The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects him or her from excess handling The safest type of isolette is one that takes the place of the ambulance stretcher A freestanding isolette should be used, not one that is secured to the stretcher ;The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects him or her from excess handling

A critical aspect of the rapid extrication technique it to Move the patient as quickly as you possibly can Maintain stabilization of the spine at all times Apply a vest style device before moving the patient Extricate the patient with one coordinated move

Maintain stabilization of the spine at all times

Continue education in EMS serves to Maintain, update and expand the EMT's knowledge and skills Enforce mandatory attendance at agency-specific training Confirm research and statistical findings in prehospital care Provide an ongoing review and audit of the EMS system

Maintain, update and expand the EMT's knowledge and skills

The most superior section of the sternum is called the Costal arch Xiphoid process Angle of louis Manubrium

Manubrium

The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the Field training officer Shift supervisor Medical director EMS administrator

Medical director

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on An order from a paramedic The transport time to the hospital Medical director approval The patient's condition

Medical director approval

Which of the following is not a function of the skin Sensory reception Pressure and pain perception Temperature regulation Metabolic coordination

Metabolic coordination

As the single EMT managing an apneic patients airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the Manually triggered ventilation device Mouth- to mouth technique Mouth to mask technique with one way valve One person bag valve mask

Mouth to mask technique with one way valve

While rescuer one is finishing his or her 5th cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer 2 should, Suction the patients mouth and give two more ventilations Assess for a carotid pulse for 15 seconds Move to the opposite side of patients chest Give two breaths and prepare to start compressions

Move to the opposite side of patients chest

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that Moves into or out of the lungs in a sigle breath Remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation Is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure Is moved through the lungs ina single minute

Moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath

EMT's respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (narcan) to this patient, the EMT's should recall that Naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient Naloxone should not be given if this patients breathing is slow The effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs Naloxone can only be administered in increments of 2 mg

Naloxone can only be administered in increments of 2 mg

To reverse the effects of a narcotic overdose you should administer EpiPen Tylenol Advil Narcan

Narcan

After caring for a 65 year old male with repertory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but Do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate: he develops cardiac arrest and Dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of Battery Assault Abandonment Negligence

Negligence

When gathering a patients medications, you find the following: isordil, Lasix, Nexium, and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over the counter (OTC)? Nexium Lasix Lsordill Digoxin

Nexium

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they Are not secure with a strap Have large rounded lenses Offer little to no side protection Do not have shatterproof lenses

Offer little to no side protection

In the recovery position, the patient is On his or her side Lying face down Sitting upright Lying face up

On his or her side

1 A team of EMT's and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt? A communication with the family should be minimal until the final outcome of the resuscitation Law enforcement officer should prepare the family for the patient's death and contact the funeral home Each member of the resuscitation team should update the family at various intervals throughout the attempt One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient is responding

One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient is responding

8- A man finds his 59- year old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type two diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the last 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should Administer 100% oxygen via non rebreathing mask Open and maintain her air way and assess her breathing Administer oral glucose between her cheek and gum Assess for the presence of a medical identification tag

Open and maintain her air way and assess her breathing

EMT's arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down" a family member states that she gave naloxone (narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMT's should suspect that the patient Experienced a prolonged seizure Has a low blood glucose level Has a history of allergic reactions Overdosed on an opioid drug

Overdosed on an opioid drug

min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatments is MOST appropriate for this patient? Assisted ventilation with a bag-valve mask and a head-to-toe exam Positive pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital Oxygen via nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital Oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment.

Oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment.

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct Patients with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually do not require assisted ventilation Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate A patient with slow respirations and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume

Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate

You are off duty at a park when you witness an apparent healthy 12 year old child suddenly collapse. There are no bystanders around and your mobile phone is in your car. After confirming the child is in cardiac arrest you should. Perform chest compressions only until a bystander arrives Perform CPR for 2 mins and then call 9-1-1 Call 9-1-1 and then return to CPR on the child Deliver 5 rescue breaths before starting chest compressions

Perform CPR for 2 mins and then call 9-1-1

Shortly after assessing a 65 year old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins of complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask Wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure Transport her in a sitting position Place her in a supine positon

Place her in a supine positon

When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs you should Collapse the undercarriage of the wheeled stretcher and carefully carry the patient down the stairs on the stretcher Assist the patient in walking down the stairs place him or her on the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs Secure the patient to a scoop stretcher and carry him or her head first down the stairs to awaiting stretcher Placed the wheeld stretcher at the bottom of the stirs and carry the patient down the stairs with stair chair

Placed the wheeld stretcher at the bottom of the stirs and carry the patient down the stairs with stair chair

patients develop septic shock secondary to Poor vessel function and severe volume loss Weak vessel tone caused by nervous system damage Failure of the blood vessels to adequately dilate An infection that weakens cardiac contractions

Poor vessel function and severe volume loss

When performing a rapid exam on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last? Abdomen Extremeties Posterior Anterior chest

Posterior

50 mm Hg. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should Obtain a repeat blood pressure in 5 minutes Prepare for immediate transport Perform head to toe exam Allow him to drink plain water

Prepare for immediate transport

A palpable pulse is created by? The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the veins The pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart Electrical conduction in the heart producing contraction of the atria Pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardia contraction

Pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardia contraction

Which of the following criteria is required to become licensed and employed as an EMT Successful completion of a recognized bystander CPR course Demonstration of the ability to lift and carry at least 200 pounds Proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases A minimum of 60 college credit hours that focus on health care

Proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases

min. you should: Request a paramedic give her a sedative Position her on her left side and transport at once Have her breathe into a paper or plastic bag Provide reassurance ang give oxygen as needed

Provide reassurance ang give oxygen as needed

You are dispatched to a middle school for a 16 year old female experiencing an asthma attack. She is conscious and alert but in severe respiratory distress. The middle school nurse informs you that she has tried several times to contact the patient's parents but has not been successful. You should Provide treatment up to your level of training and transport the child at once Administer oxygen only until you receive parental consent for further treatment Transport the child to the closest hospital and let the staff there provide any treatment Recognize that you cannot begin treatment without expressed parental consent

Provide treatment up to your level of training and transport the child at once

min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should Provide ventilation support Treat her for hyperglycemia Transport immediately Administer oral glucose

Provide ventilation support

Relative to the ankle, the knee is Proximal Lateral Superior Medial

Proximal

6- a 66 year old women experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type two diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history. Which of the following should the EMT suspect? Severe hypoglycemia Diabetic ketoacidosis Congestive heart failure Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing: Pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition Skin quality, blood pressure, and capillary refill External bleeding, skin condition, and capillary refill Blood pressure, pulse rate, and external bleeding

Pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition

In most instance you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulanced stretcher by Slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement Retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance Pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot Pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head

Pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot

You are dispatched to an apartment complex to respond to a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should Obtain permission from law enforcement before moving anything Quickly move the coffee table so you can access to patient Treat the patient where he is so that you do not destroy any evidence Drag the patient into a larger area so that you can begin treatment

Quickly move the coffee table so you can access to patient

The bones of the forearm are called the Radius and humerus Humerus and ulna Radius and ulna Tibia and radius

Radius and ulna

A 25-year old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high-rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival. Rapid transport to a trauma center Intravenous fluid administration Full immobilization of her spine High-flow oxygen administration

Rapid transport to a trauma center

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious and in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your most appropriate action Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag Perform rapid assessment and then move the patients from their residence Quickly exit the residence and request the fire department to move the patients Request another ambulance to assist with lifting and moving the patients

Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious repertory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should Administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress Contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did Check the drugs expiration date to ensure that it is still current Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

The primary function of the right atrium is to Receive blood from the vena cava Pump blood to the pulmonary artery Pump blood to the lungs for reoxygenation Receive blood from the pulmonary veins

Receive blood from the vena cava

If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its devise terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should Determine which device the American heart association recommends Avoid purchasing the device because this is unrealistic Purchase the device based soley on the manufacturer's claim Recognize that this does not mean the device will save more lives

Recognize that this does not mean the device will save more lives

A 19-year old female is found unconsciousby her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert on oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently Continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx Select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it Insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block Remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx

Remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on middle age women in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area when one of the AED pads will be placed you should Move the patch to another area of the patient's chest and then properly apply the AED pad Remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue and apply the AED pad Apply the AED pad at least one inch away from the medication patch to avoid skin burns Continue CPR until you can confirm the medication contained in the patch

Remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue and apply the AED pad

You and your partner respond to the scene of a 49-year-old male with acute abdominal pain. As you enter his residence you find him lying on the floor in severe pain. He is conscious and alert. The patient appears to weigh in excess of 350lbs. your first action should be Encourage the patient to walk himself to the waiting ambulance Assess him and then move him to the stretcher with a direct carry Request the fire department if one attempt to move him fails Request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him

Request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him

A patient who moves and cries out only when you pinch his or her trapezius muscle is said to be: Completely unresponsive Responsive to painful stimuli Responsive to verbal stimuli Conscious and alert

Responsive to painful stimuli

14- you respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right" as you approach the door, a 35 year old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should Contact medical control for instructions Retreat at once and call law enforcement Be assertive and talk the patient down Calm him down so you can assess him

Retreat at once and call law enforcement

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group Muscle and bone growth both decrease The normal pulse rate steadily increases Secondary sexual development The systolic blood pressure decreases

Secondary sexual development

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system Vertebral Cranial Sensory Motor

Sensory

Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, except: Gasping attempts to breathe Supraclavicular retractions Shallow chest movement Use of accessory muscles

Shallow chest movement

56 mm hg

Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan) in a suspected overdose Slow respirations Extreme agitation Hypertension Tachycardia

Slow respirations

You are dispatched to a call for a 4 month old infant with respiratory distress, while you prepare to take care of this child you remember that. Assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times The infants proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction An infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction

Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times

A 59 yo male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patients condition? Rupture of the diaphragm Exacerbation of his COPD Acute pulmonary embolism Spontaneous pneumothorax

Spontaneous pneumothorax

The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the National registry of EMT's State office of EMS American heart association Regional trauma center

State office of EMS

As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back you should Guide your partner while moving the chair backwards Reposition your hands and continue to move the patient Stop the move and have the patient walk down the stairs Stop the move and request additional lifting assistance

Stop the move and request additional lifting assistance

min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should Administer high flow oxygen, perform a detailed secondary assessment at the scene, and transport promptly Suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital Administer oxygen via non re-breathing mask, apply oral glucose in between his cheek and gum, and transport Suspect he has internal bleeding and is in shock, administer high flow oxygen and transport at once

Suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital

Which of the following is an example of rules-based medication error The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director The EMT accidently gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives the wrong route

The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because Diastolic blood pressure decreases The blood vessels become stiff The arteries dilate significantly The blood thickens as a person ages

The blood vessels become stiff

20- which one of the statements regarding glucose is true The brain requires glucoses as much as it requires oxygen Most cells will function normally without glucose The brain requires insulin top allow glucose to enter the cells Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin

The brain requires glucoses as much as it requires oxygen

The main benefit of using a mechanical piston device for the chest compressions is The elimination of rescuers fatigue that results from manual compressions Its ability to be used with any patient, regardless of age, weight or body size The minimal training required to correctly operate the device The elimination of the need to place a firm, flat device under the patient

The elimination of rescuers fatigue that results from manual compressions

EMRs such as fire fighters, law enforcement officers, and park rangers are an integral part of the EMS system because The often arrive at the scene before the ambulance and EMTs They are usually trained to assist paramedics with certain procedures They can initiate the ALS procedures before EMS arrival The average response time for the EMT crew is 15 minutes

The often arrive at the scene before the ambulance and EMTs

You should avoid palpating a patients pelvis if: The pelvis does not appear deformed The patient is older than 50 years of age The MOI suggests trauma to the pelvis The patient complains of pelvic pain

The patient complains of pelvic pain

In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential information A media representative inquiries about the patient The family request a copy for the insurance purposes A police officer requests a copy to place on file The patients is competent and signs a release form

The patients is competent and signs a release form

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, except: The reason why the patient called EMS The patients response to your treatment The nature of any newly identified problems Whether or not the patient is deteriorating.

The reason why the patient called EMS

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct? The secondary assessment should be performed en route to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the patients condition A secondary assessment should always be performed, even if you must continually manage life threats that were identified in the primary assessment. During the secondary assessment, the EMT's primary focus should be on taking the patients vital signs and obtaining SAMPLE history. The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to the . section of the spinal column Coccyx Lumbar Sacral Thoracic

Thoracic

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: Toxic chemical inhalation Right-sided heart failure An upper airway infection Severe hyperventilation

Toxic chemical inhalation

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13 year old male is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? Withhold treatment until the parents arrive and give you consent of treatment Trat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent Begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to hospital Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital

Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital

During your assessment of a patient with a chest injury, you note that the only one side of his chest moves when he breaths. How should you describe his chest movement? Unilateral Bidirectional Paradoxical Medial

Unilateral

Abdominal thrust in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed In sets of 5 followed by reassessment Until he or she experiences cardiac arrest About 1 inch below the xiphoid process Until he or she losses consciousness

Until he or she losses consciousness

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (VF) is correct Most patients in VF have a weak carotid pulse VF is a state of rapid ventricular contraction Defibrillation is only indicated for witnessed VF VF results in an absence of forward blood flow

VF results in an absence of forward blood flow

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called Ventilation Oxygenation Respiration Diffusion

Ventilation

The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting When the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask When the patient breathes primarily his or her mouth If long-term supplemental oxygen administration If the patients nasopharynx is obstructed by secretions

When the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct? 100% supplemental oxygen will always cause apnea in patients with a hypoxic drive Chronic carbon dioxide elimination often results in activation of the hypoxic drive The hypoxic drive serves as the primary stimulus for breathing in healthy individuals The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels. While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs.

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs.

min

While watching adequate chest rise

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted With the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare With the bevel pointing downward if inserted into the left nare Into the larger nostril with the tip pointing away from the septum Into the smaller nostril with the tip following the roof of the nose

With the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the Xiphoid process Angle of louis Jugular notch Sternal notch

Xiphoid process

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist the EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends a bystander encounters a victim who is not breathing the EMT witness a vehicle crash while off duty a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change

a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should clean all surfaces and patient contact areas with a mixture of alcohol and water allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwisde indicated in the product directions use a bleach and water solution at a 1:2 dilution ratio to thoroughly wipe all surfaces spray the contaminated areas and then immediately wipe them dry with towel

allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions

You have two patients who were involved in a motor vehicle crash when their SUV struck a tree- one with neck and back pain and the other with a deformed left femur. The patient with the deformed femur states that he does not want to be placed on a hard board, nor does he want a collar around his neck. What is the most appropriate and practical method of securing these patients and placing them into the ambulance? Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a longboard and place him on the squad bench

allow the patient with the deformed femur to sit on the wheeled stretcher Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him in a wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench Immobilize both patients with a cervical collar and long backboard based on the mechanism of injury; place one on the wheeled stretcher and the other on the squad bench Apply a traction splint to the patient with the deformed femur and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with neck and back pain on the squad bench immobilize with a cervical collar and scoop stretcher ; Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him in a wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench

Vectorborne transmission of an infectious organism occurs VIA animals or insects smoke or dust inanimate objects direct contact

animals or insects

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication between the skin and muscle below the first layer of muscle directly into the muscle tissue through the mucosa under the tongue

between the skin and muscle

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion blood pressure may ne last measurable factor to change in shock the patients respirations are deep during the early stages of shock multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock

blood pressure may ne last measurable factor to change in shock

The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the healthcare setting can usually be traced to careless handling of sharps excessive blood splashing or splattering noncompliance with standard precautions lack of proper immunizations

careless handling of sharps

Common factor that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, except distrust of EMT's history of chronic disease fear of medical disorders mental disorders

distrust of EMT's

Which of the following statements is not appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR after oxygen was administered, the patient's breathing improved general impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated significant damage was noted to the front end of vehicle the patient admits to smoking marijuana earlier in the day

general impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse gives radio report to the receiving medical facility notifies the admitting clerk of the patients arrival at the hospital informs dispatch of the patients arrival at the emergency department

gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse

You receive a call for a 70 yo female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure

however, he doesn't think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should: Apply a pulse oximeter and assess her vital signs Obtain a complete list of all of her medications Assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device Administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask ; Assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device

You respond to a residence for a patient with severe leg injury following an accident with a chain saw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately

however, he is restless and skin is diaphoretic. You should assess the rate and quality of his pulse immediately evaluate his airway apply direct pressure to the wound administer 100% supplemental oxygen ; immediately evaluate his airway

Which of the following is the most significant factor in determining whether a person will become ill from certain germs race gender immunity age

immunity

Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because it often indicated the loss of his or her blood volume most children with hypotension die in the prehospital setting the most likely cause of the hypotension is respiratory failure it typically develops earlier in children than it does in adults

it often indicated the loss of his or her blood volume

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that your questions should be focus exclusively on the patients obvious problem most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions hostility and confusion should be presumed to be due to the patients age speaking loudly and distinctly will ensure that the patient can hear you

most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions

Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes psychogenic shock neurogenic shock neurologic shock vasovagal shock

psychogenic shock

You are transporting a 33- year old male that was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should arrange for an ALS rendezvous take his vital signs in 15 minutes reassess his condition in 5 mins repeat your secondary assessment

reassess his condition in 5 mins

After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidently stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should report the incident to your supervisor after the call discontinue patient care and seek medical attention immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible

report the incident to your supervisor after the call

Which of the following statements regarding standing orders is correct standing orders require you to contact medical control first before providing an intervention standing orders only highlight the care that you may provide standing orders have less legal authority than orders given via radio standing orders should be followed when physician contact is not possible

standing orders should be followed when physician contact is not possible

Which of the following infectious diseases confers no protection from reinfection after exposure syphilis mumps rubella chickenpox

syphilis

If you are exposed to a patient's blood or other bodily fluid, you first action should be to vigorously clean the area with soap and water abandon the patient care and seek medical attention transfer care of the patient to another EMS provider report the incident to the infection control officer

transfer care of the patient to another EMS provider

General guidelines for effective radio communication include all of the following, Except holding the microphone about 2 to 3 inches from your mouth acknowledge a transmission as soon as possible using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality speaking clear, calm, monotone voice

using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality

Critical incident stress management (CISM) can occur at an ongoing scene in all of the following circumstances, except before personnel are preparing to reenter the scene when patients are actively being assessed or treated before leaving the scene after the incident is resolved when personnel are assessed during periods of rest

when patients are actively being assessed or treated

Common questions asked by patients with a serious illness or injury include all of the following except what are you doing to me which hospital am I going to am I going to die will I be permanently disabled

which hospital am I going to

The capacity of an individual to cope with and recover from stress is called distress Eustress Resilience wellness

z Resilience