Endocrine Anatomy Review (Part 1)

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activity of bone-resorbing osteoblasts.

False

The thalamus controls secretion of pituitary hormones. T or F

False

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has a. inhibited secretion of ADH. b. stimulated secretion of ADH. c. inhibited secretion of ACTH. d. stimulated secretion of ACTH.

A. Inhibited the secretion of ADH

Upregulation of a target cell can occur in response to a. prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone. b. prolonged increase in the level of a hormone. c. signals from antagonistic hormone products. d. signals from the posterior pituitary.

A. Prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by a. excess sugar in the diet. b. obesity. c. a disorder of the immune system. d. an effect of aging.

C. A disorder of the immune system

Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells. a. cyclic AMP to become ATP b. cyclic AMP to be decomposed c. activation of adenylate cyclase d. inactivation of adenylate cyclase

C. Activation of adenylate cyclase

Secretion of glucagon causes a. an increase in the formation of fat. b. an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to glucose. c. an increase in the concentration of blood glucose. d. an increase in glycogen.

C. An increase in the concentration of blood glucose

Growth hormone signals the release of a. TGF. b. PTH. c. IGF-1. d. FSH.

C. IGF-1

Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks a. organic matter. b. vitamins. c. iodine. d. potassium.

C. Iodine

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands a. secrete only into the bloodstream. b. secrete only local hormones. c. secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior. d. only secrete salts.

C. Secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior

Tropic hormones a. only function in the tropics. b. function in only one sex. c. stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones. d. block the actions of hormones that endocrine glands secrete.

C. Stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones

Cortisol a. increases the permeability of capillary walls. b. increases the permeability of lysosomal membranes. c. stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates. d. promotes the storage of amino acids in the form of proteins.

C. Stimulates the production of glucose from non carbohydrates

Cushing syndrome a. is caused by hypersecretion of cortical hormones. b. decreases tissue protein. c. elevates sodium concentrations. d. all of the above.

D. All of the above

Growth hormone a. enhances the movement of amino acids into cells. b. increases the rate of protein synthesis. c. increases the rate of fat metabolism. d. all of the above.

D. All of the above

An autocrine secretion affects cells far away T or F

False

Cells of the adrenal medulla are closely associated with preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. T or F

False

Glucagon is also called hypoglycemic factor. T or F

False

With age, a. levels of GH increase but of ADH decrease. b. levels of GH decrease but of ADH increase. c. levels of GH and ADH both decrease. d. levels of GH and ADH both increase.

Levels of GH Decrease but of ADH increase

Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines. T or F

True

Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane.

True

The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are amines.

True

The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens T or F

True

The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland. T or F

True

Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs? a. Follicle-stimulating hormone b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone c. Prolactin-releasing factor d. Growth hormone

a. Follicle-stimulating hormone

Secretion of insulin causes a. a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose. b. a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose. c. an increase in the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose. d. an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.

a. a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose

Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it a. decreases the permeability of capillaries. b. increases synthesis of prostaglandins. c. destabilizes lysosomal membranes. d. decreases blood flow.

a. decreases the permeability of capillaries

Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the a. pancreas. b. liver. c. spleen. d. pituitary gland.

b. Liver

The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is a. melanoma. b. melatonin. c. myostatin. d. beta endorphin.

b. melatonin

__________ controls hormone concentrations. a. Positive feedback b. Negative feedback c. Muscle contraction d. Exposure to sun

b. negative feedback

Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed a. endocrine. b. paracrine. c. exocrine. d. autocrine.

b. paracrine.

Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone a. decreases the number of red blood cells. b. increases the number of white blood cells. c. increases the number of red blood cells. d. adds protein to plasma.

c. Increases the number of red blood cells.

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is a. intermedin. b. oxytocin. c. vasopressin. d. aldosterone.

c. Vasopressin

A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a a. short half-life. b. no half-life. c. long half-life. d. whole life.

c. long half-life

Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate a. less milk production. b. uterine contractions. c. uterine relaxation. d. ACTH production.

c. uterine contractions

A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by a. causing a second messenger to be formed. b. causing the cell to divide. c. promoting phagocytosis. d. directly causing protein synthesis.

d. Directly causing protein synthesis

Addison disease a. lowers blood pressure. b. decreases blood sodium levels. c. increases blood potassium levels. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above

Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by a. a lack of iodine. b. an excess of iodine. c. an improper diet. d. an autoimmune disorder.

d. an autoimmune disorder

A person who is stressed usually has increased a. activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs. b. number of lymphocytes in the blood. c. resistance to infections. d. blood pressure.

d. blood pressure

One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is a. weight gain. b. increased thirst. c. decreased appetite. d. goiter.

d. goiter

An upregulated cell has an increase in a. the amount of DNA in the nucleus. b. the number of molecules the cell secretes. c. the concentration of ligands that bind to the receptors. d. the number of receptors available for binding.

d. the number of receptors available for binding