Endocrine Anatomy Review (Part 1)
Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activity of bone-resorbing osteoblasts.
False
The thalamus controls secretion of pituitary hormones. T or F
False
Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has a. inhibited secretion of ADH. b. stimulated secretion of ADH. c. inhibited secretion of ACTH. d. stimulated secretion of ACTH.
A. Inhibited the secretion of ADH
Upregulation of a target cell can occur in response to a. prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone. b. prolonged increase in the level of a hormone. c. signals from antagonistic hormone products. d. signals from the posterior pituitary.
A. Prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by a. excess sugar in the diet. b. obesity. c. a disorder of the immune system. d. an effect of aging.
C. A disorder of the immune system
Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells. a. cyclic AMP to become ATP b. cyclic AMP to be decomposed c. activation of adenylate cyclase d. inactivation of adenylate cyclase
C. Activation of adenylate cyclase
Secretion of glucagon causes a. an increase in the formation of fat. b. an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to glucose. c. an increase in the concentration of blood glucose. d. an increase in glycogen.
C. An increase in the concentration of blood glucose
Growth hormone signals the release of a. TGF. b. PTH. c. IGF-1. d. FSH.
C. IGF-1
Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks a. organic matter. b. vitamins. c. iodine. d. potassium.
C. Iodine
Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands a. secrete only into the bloodstream. b. secrete only local hormones. c. secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior. d. only secrete salts.
C. Secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior
Tropic hormones a. only function in the tropics. b. function in only one sex. c. stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones. d. block the actions of hormones that endocrine glands secrete.
C. Stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones
Cortisol a. increases the permeability of capillary walls. b. increases the permeability of lysosomal membranes. c. stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates. d. promotes the storage of amino acids in the form of proteins.
C. Stimulates the production of glucose from non carbohydrates
Cushing syndrome a. is caused by hypersecretion of cortical hormones. b. decreases tissue protein. c. elevates sodium concentrations. d. all of the above.
D. All of the above
Growth hormone a. enhances the movement of amino acids into cells. b. increases the rate of protein synthesis. c. increases the rate of fat metabolism. d. all of the above.
D. All of the above
An autocrine secretion affects cells far away T or F
False
Cells of the adrenal medulla are closely associated with preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. T or F
False
Glucagon is also called hypoglycemic factor. T or F
False
With age, a. levels of GH increase but of ADH decrease. b. levels of GH decrease but of ADH increase. c. levels of GH and ADH both decrease. d. levels of GH and ADH both increase.
Levels of GH Decrease but of ADH increase
Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines. T or F
True
Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane.
True
The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are amines.
True
The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens T or F
True
The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland. T or F
True
Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs? a. Follicle-stimulating hormone b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone c. Prolactin-releasing factor d. Growth hormone
a. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Secretion of insulin causes a. a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose. b. a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose. c. an increase in the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose. d. an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.
a. a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it a. decreases the permeability of capillaries. b. increases synthesis of prostaglandins. c. destabilizes lysosomal membranes. d. decreases blood flow.
a. decreases the permeability of capillaries
Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the a. pancreas. b. liver. c. spleen. d. pituitary gland.
b. Liver
The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is a. melanoma. b. melatonin. c. myostatin. d. beta endorphin.
b. melatonin
__________ controls hormone concentrations. a. Positive feedback b. Negative feedback c. Muscle contraction d. Exposure to sun
b. negative feedback
Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed a. endocrine. b. paracrine. c. exocrine. d. autocrine.
b. paracrine.
Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone a. decreases the number of red blood cells. b. increases the number of white blood cells. c. increases the number of red blood cells. d. adds protein to plasma.
c. Increases the number of red blood cells.
Another name for antidiuretic hormone is a. intermedin. b. oxytocin. c. vasopressin. d. aldosterone.
c. Vasopressin
A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a a. short half-life. b. no half-life. c. long half-life. d. whole life.
c. long half-life
Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate a. less milk production. b. uterine contractions. c. uterine relaxation. d. ACTH production.
c. uterine contractions
A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by a. causing a second messenger to be formed. b. causing the cell to divide. c. promoting phagocytosis. d. directly causing protein synthesis.
d. Directly causing protein synthesis
Addison disease a. lowers blood pressure. b. decreases blood sodium levels. c. increases blood potassium levels. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above
Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by a. a lack of iodine. b. an excess of iodine. c. an improper diet. d. an autoimmune disorder.
d. an autoimmune disorder
A person who is stressed usually has increased a. activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs. b. number of lymphocytes in the blood. c. resistance to infections. d. blood pressure.
d. blood pressure
One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is a. weight gain. b. increased thirst. c. decreased appetite. d. goiter.
d. goiter
An upregulated cell has an increase in a. the amount of DNA in the nucleus. b. the number of molecules the cell secretes. c. the concentration of ligands that bind to the receptors. d. the number of receptors available for binding.
d. the number of receptors available for binding
