Endocrine system

which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue

All of the answers are correct

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

androgens.

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

A hormone that promotes glucose formation in the liver is

cortisol.

Cortisol released from the zona fasciculata is converted by the liver to

cortisone.

After steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form and active complex

gene transcription is initiated

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is only secreted by the human pars intermedia

in very young children

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus.

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin.

The adrenal gland does not produce steroid hormones in

the medulla.

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except

thyroid-stimulating hormone

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenophypophysis during early childhood is

MSH

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis.

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

Parathyroid hormone

The _____ gland sits along the superior border of the kidneys

Superarenal

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH.

Thyroid Hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

Tyrosine

An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except

a fall in cAMP levels.

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

aldosterone

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except

carbohydrates.

Growth hormone does all of the following except

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes

Peptides hormones are

composed of amino acids

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

in the lumen of the thyroid follicle

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except

is responsive to osmoreceptors.

Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are relesaed by neurons at the _____ of the hypothalamus

median eminence

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

neurohypophysis

Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the

zona reticularis.

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?

ADH

the posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH

Neuron of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

ADH and OXT

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

ADH.

when a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

Cells of the adrenal cortex produces

Aldosterone

Hormones known as "Catecholamines" are

Amino Acid Deriavtives

The Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

Mineralocorticoids

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except

OXT

Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex

OXT (Oxytocin)

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

9

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

ACTH levels.

reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of NA+ is the action of

Aldosterone

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

calmodulin.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

The hormone that plays a privotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

Thyroxine

Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?

loss of ADH secretion

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

The Zona Fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

Glucocorticoids

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

Gonadotropins

All Target cells

Have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

Pituitary Gland

PRL is to ___ as ACTH is to _____

Prolactin; corticotropin

They Hypothalamus controls secretions by the anterior pituitary by

Secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into tiny portal system

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except

Steroid hormones

the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell responds to peptide hormone is usually

a G protein

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH (Antidiuretic)

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is

ACTH

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except

decreased heart rate and force of contraction..

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.

endocrine; nervous

The Adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinehrine and norepinephrine

The adrenal medulla produces

epinephrine.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

Thyroid hormone contains the element

iodine.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

Cortex

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

Hypothalamus

The Parathyroid Gland Produces a hormone that

Increases the levels of potassium

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the blood stream

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH

estrogen

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

somatomedins

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except

steroid hormones

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

Calcitonin

The intracellular protein ____ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes.

Calmodulin

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except

Carbohydates

which of the following substances acts as a second messanger

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ____ system in many ways

Endocrine

Which of the following is mismatched

Endocrine Communications adjacent to each other - Target Cells are directly adjacent to each other

Which of the following hormones increase and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Epinephrine

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

LH

If the pars intermedia of the pituitary is destroyed, the pituitary would no longer be able to secrete which of the following hormones?

MSH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

PRL

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered msucle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. what glands are these and which hormone is lacking

Parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

The testes produce

testosterone.