Eng 112L FINAL EXAM

response to mean attacks leads to giving straight humorous sarcastic responses attacking the commenters TONE = sarcasm, humor

"Dear Internet" Tina Fey

Sonnet

- 14 lines using any number of formal rhyme schemes - in English typically having ten syllables per line.

Villanelle

- 19-line poem w/ 2 rhymes throughout - consisting of 5 tercets & a quatrain - w/ 1st & 3rd lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets - & w/ both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.

Rhyme

- 2+ words w/ identical or similar vowel sound,usually accented - w/ following consonant sounds (if any) identical as well.

Simile

- A comparison of 2 things, indicated by some connective, usually like, as, or than, or a verb such as resembles.

Sonnet examples

- Acquainted with the night by Robert Frost

Billy Collins "Introduction to Poetry"

- Author wants people to approach a poem w/ ease - says that people actually "try to torture a confession out of it" & " begin beating it" - experience poem for yourself; visualize, get emotional, look for meaning behind words

Tim Seibles "What it Comes Down To"

- Dewey & Zack playing basketball in Zang Park - 2 Older men playing poker nearby - About risk on making it as a bballer vs getting out of the bad neighborhood - last few lines differ where forms are switched via moves "fakes right, spins left" (sound/form), importance of athletics as means of escape from poverty - can be described as life comes down to just one shot

Villanelles example

- Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas

Cataloguing Examples

- I sing the body electric by Walt Whitman - Luscious Things by Lee Ann Roripaugh

3 units of poetry

- Image - Form - Sound

Name 2 readings of lyric essay genre.

- Lia Purpura On Looking (The Smallest Woman in the World) - Jon Pineda Sleep in Me (Translucent, Diorama, and Yellow)

Sestina examples

- Sestina by Elizabeth Bishop - All American Sestina by Florence Cassen Mayers

Modernist

- Using or altering of "classic/traditional" forms or structures to both resist or pay homage to them...giving a new twist on it. - similar to modern formalism as in all American sestina.

Carolyn Kizer "After Basho"

- a HAIKU about pallid moon - tentatively (meaning not complete or definite) YOU is to the moon

Robert Frost "Acquainted with the Night"

- a SONNET - speaker is describing the depths of the darkness they have encountered; seems to be lonely & disappointed may actually be walking in the lonely streets or just simply having lonesome thoughts at night

Dylan Thomas "Do not go gentle into that good night"

- a VILLANELLE - speaker is describing or talking to their father nearing death, uses an urgent tone to encourage father to cling to life and not give up - "rage, rage against the dying of the light"

Epigram

- a short, satirical poem - expressing an idea in a clever & amusing way w/ a witty or ingenious ending

Luisa Igloria "Venom"

- a woman drinking her feelings away after a breakup - 10 2 lined stanzas represent each shot of Caballeros tequila speaker drinks - OPEN FORM poem - Structure is significant - "she's fallen for the one she can't have" - lots of metaphors and similes - "she's let her heart float to her mouth" - and "drains the little cups like they were poison"

Florence Cassen Mayers "All American Sestina"

- about patriotism - speaker describes parts or (materialistic) things that are associated with living the American Dream

Paul Lawrence Dunbar "Theology"

- an EPIGRAM that talks about god & religion - humorously pokes fun at human frailty. - the title is ironic, since speaker doesn't qualify as real theologist - achieves comic effect w/ a change of tone 1/2 through. - 1st 2 lines create impression that speaker is a devout, spiritual person w/ his mind on higher things. - Then last 2 lines change things up & reveals speaker as being somewhat self-righteous & hostile in his attitude toward other people

Stanza

- arrangement of a certain number of lines, usually 4+, sometimes having a fixed length, meter, or rhyme scheme, forming a division of a poem

Post modernist

- complete resistance to traditional forms using fragmentation, pastiche & pop reference. - Pieces of info coming from everywhere. - More about aesthetics of a certain time, region/country.

Lee Ann Roripaugh "Luscious Things"

- form of cataloguing - speaker invokes sensuality via different pieces of fruit - tangelo, peach, banana, fig, pomegranate, artichoke/ claims that all are luscious but the banana

Walt Whitman "I sing the body electric"

- form of cataloguing - the speaker is listing body parts - mentions that all these parts make up the soul - men and women are created equal

Allen Ginsberg "Howl"

- historical context of 1950s/post WWII is paramount! - Story is divided into 3 parts - the idea of the ideal american life was beginning to form - Ginsberg speaks with the voices of the "lost generation"- the artists, musicians, professors, writers, drug addicts, alcoholics, prostitutes etc. - Ginsberg is drawing on the lost generation excluded from or outcasted from where they come from - part 1 is all about who those people are - part 2 is more of who and what did this to those people - "Moloch" is a mythological god that children are sacrificed for - he describes moloch as the rulers of the country/government - part 3 is directed to Carl Solomon- the author's friend & who was with him in the mental institute (Rockland) and who this entire story is written to

Naomi Shihab Nye "Dictionary in the Dark"

- historical context of OEF - highlighting words/phrases said to ease publics mindset on war - "weapons of mass destruction" and "awe"

2 steps in analyzing poems

- identification & assessment

What is the function of image?

- it expresses to convey abstract concepts w/ physical descriptions that deal w/ the senses, i.e. mood & emotion

Image/imagery

- language that engages the senses, the memory & the imagination

Gary Soto "Oranges"

- narrative poem in which the speaker reflects on first crush/love. - vivid use of words & sound elements = bright, light, cars hissing, fog hanging, fire in hands, frost cracking - in the winter- December

Sestina

- poem w/ 6 stanzas of 6 lines ea . & a final triplet - all stanzas having the same 6 words at the line -ends in 6 different sequences that follow a fixed pattern - & w/ all 6 words appearing in closing 3-line envoy.

Elizabeth Bishop "Sestina"

- repeitition on words house, almanac, tears, stove, child

Consonance

- repetition of consonant sounds in middle or end of word - aka Slant rhyme, as in reason & raisin, mink & monk.

2 characteristics of poems

- sonic elements & lineation

John Updike "Player Piano"

- speaker IS the piano talking about the keys being played

Andrew Hudgins "The Cow"

- speaker explains how the cow is slaughtered for sustenance for their family & others too from beginning to end. - Comedic irony - Rhyme scheme provides levity

David Kirby "Elvis Be My Psychopomp"

- speaker is dreaming of visiting/finding his parents in the underworld as Elvis is his guide

Brian Turner "Here, Bullet"

- speaker is in a firefight during OEF. - Can be revered as bullet is a rush vice fear, invoking it. - Addressing the bullet itself - sonic elements include hissing, clavicle snapped, explosives, punctures/ theme of war

Kevin Young "Doo Wop"

- speaker talks about a lover? - Sound approx doo wop music

William Blake "London"

- speaker walking streets of London at night as he takes in sights of Industrial Rev. taking its toll on city. - use of images & sonic elements, there is repetition - it is seen as a place full of tears, sorrow & unhappy people

Lyric Essay

- sub-genre of personal essay based on images/ideas of particular theme - combining elements of poetry & personal essays. - Focuses on imagery, emotion, &/or sound rather than the narrative.

Form

- the physical structure of a poem - the length of the lines, their rhythms, their system of rhymes and repetition

Adrian Matejka "Do the Right Thing"

- the speaker is talking about an encounter with Spike Lee that didn't go as well as he'd like. - Aaaannnnnd Spike Lee dissed him about not being 'black'-worthy enough to get his newly purchased movie momento signed by Spike Lee himself - Even the crowd that witnessed was upset w/ how Spike Lee, ironically, DIDN'T "Do the Right Thing"

Volta

- the turn within a sonnet

Deus ex Machina

- translates to "God from the Machine" or "Machine of the Gods" - use of an unexpected event in a story in order to resolve the conflict.

Line

- unit of language that a poem or play is divided - operates on principles which are distinct from & not necessarily coincident with grammatical structures, such as the sentence or clauses in sentences

Cataloguing

- writing style of listing

Exact rhyme

2+ words share all same sounds after last stressed syllable

Slant/Near rhyme

2+ words share some of the same sounds after last stressed syllable ie cart & ark, worth & breath

Metaphor

A statement that one thing is something else, which, in a literal sense, it is not.

"Enough about you" (an editorial)

Brian Williams

Adaptation (film)

Charlie Kaufman

- POV: 1st Person - Setting: Chesapeake - accident, tshirt, bodies were in twisted like twins in utero, model, fishing line

DIORAMA, Jon Pineda ("Sleep in Me")

Skittery/lyric example

Doo Wop by Kevin Young

- couple eating lunch. - She's now vegetarian. - He's controlling. - awkward setting/altogether.

Hollinger "Naked Lunch"

Sleep in Me (Translucent, Diorama, & Yellow)

Jon Pineda = writes how memoirs approximates the function of our memories

A Man without a Country (A lesson in creative writing)

Kurt Vonnegut - also wrote "The Commandant's Desk"

Seinfeld "The Pitch" (screenplay)

Larry David

On Looking (The Smallest Woman in the World)

Lia Purpura

Naked Lunch (play)

Michael Hollinger

Internal rhyme

Rhyme that occurs within a line of poetry, as opposed to end rime

The Orchid Thief (The Millionaire's Hothouse)

Susan Orlean = started out w/ piece in New Yorker, goes down to FL & immerses herself in court proceedings. Straight forward narrative.

- POV: 1st person - Setting: hospital (waiting room) - ICU, tracheotomy tube, blue snake, red lights, body

TRANSLUCENT, Jon Pineda ("Sleep in Me")

Assonance

The repetition of 2+ vowel sounds in successive words, creating a rhyme

Alliteration

The repetition of a consonant sound @ beginning of words

Bossy Pants (Amazing, gorgeous, not like that and Dear Internet) = Satirical memoir

Tina Fey

Who is father of American open form free verse literature?

Walt Whitman, originating style of cataloguing

- POV: 1st person - Setting: on a pier lynnhaven Bay, Chesapeake Bay Bridge - dead body (carving on face), skate (cuts off, bridge tunnel, lights fishing

YELLOW, Jon Pineda ("Sleep in Me")

Biography

an account of a life written by someone else

Parentheticals

attitude or verbal directions pertaining to actions of actors, smaller forms of stage direction

Meter

basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse

Pastiche

collage-like

Memory

combination of fact & imagination

EXTENDED metaphor

comparison that affect & determines all the image related decisions in a poem

Play

dramatic work for stage/broadcast, broken into 3 acts

Image

expresses to convey abstract concepts w/ physical descriptions that deal with the senses. mood & emotion

Skittery/lyric

ideas more loosely associated, ie Doo Wop

Stage direction

instructions in text of play indicating movement, position, tone, sound effects & lighting, visuals

Immersion Journalism

non fiction that details an individual's experiences from a deeply personal perspective. When reporter immerses themselves in events & people involved. Is less focused on writer's life, & more about writer's specific experiences.

Essay

nonfiction focused on an idea, meant to be informational, or persuasive

Reportage

nonfiction focused on an object, event, person or group. Concerned with conveying factual information told in an objective 3rd person POV

Voice over

off-screen or off-camera narration in a film or TV show

Theme

overall meaning/effect of a creative endeavor/work of art, brought together by all other elements

Scene

part of act in play where action takes place w/out break in time

Rhyme scheme

pattern of rhyme in a line or poem (like meter)

Open form

poetry W/ NO predetermined structure which is determined by author

Closed form

poetry WITH predetermined structure Ie. haiku, sonnet, lymric

Historical context

political, economical, psychological, etc state of nation at time work of art was produced & is reflection of said time period

Memoirs

portion of personal life; told through a lens of memory

Symbol

something that stands for something else

Ruth Foreman "Poetry should ride the bus"

speaker uses poetry as a metaphor for a person going through the different stages in life..from childhood to their passing as an elderly.

Narrative

story like, logically flowing from one idea to the next. Ie Oranges

Creative nonfiction

use of literary craft, techniques fiction writers, playwrights, & poets employ to present nonfiction in a compelling, vivid, dramatic manner

Satire

using humor, irony, hyperbole, sarcasm, to make a comment on aspect of society or human folly

Enjambment

when a line is broken before syntax indicates

Sonic Integrity

when sound of poem contributes to its meaning or effect

End rhyme

words sharing same sounds occur at end of a line

Autobiography

written by someone else, chronological

Screenplay

written version of a film or television show