Eng 112L FINAL EXAM
response to mean attacks leads to giving straight humorous sarcastic responses attacking the commenters TONE = sarcasm, humor
"Dear Internet" Tina Fey
Sonnet
- 14 lines using any number of formal rhyme schemes - in English typically having ten syllables per line.
Villanelle
- 19-line poem w/ 2 rhymes throughout - consisting of 5 tercets & a quatrain - w/ 1st & 3rd lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets - & w/ both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.
Rhyme
- 2+ words w/ identical or similar vowel sound,usually accented - w/ following consonant sounds (if any) identical as well.
Simile
- A comparison of 2 things, indicated by some connective, usually like, as, or than, or a verb such as resembles.
Sonnet examples
- Acquainted with the night by Robert Frost
Billy Collins "Introduction to Poetry"
- Author wants people to approach a poem w/ ease - says that people actually "try to torture a confession out of it" & " begin beating it" - experience poem for yourself; visualize, get emotional, look for meaning behind words
Tim Seibles "What it Comes Down To"
- Dewey & Zack playing basketball in Zang Park - 2 Older men playing poker nearby - About risk on making it as a bballer vs getting out of the bad neighborhood - last few lines differ where forms are switched via moves "fakes right, spins left" (sound/form), importance of athletics as means of escape from poverty - can be described as life comes down to just one shot
Villanelles example
- Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas
Cataloguing Examples
- I sing the body electric by Walt Whitman - Luscious Things by Lee Ann Roripaugh
3 units of poetry
- Image - Form - Sound
Name 2 readings of lyric essay genre.
- Lia Purpura On Looking (The Smallest Woman in the World) - Jon Pineda Sleep in Me (Translucent, Diorama, and Yellow)
Sestina examples
- Sestina by Elizabeth Bishop - All American Sestina by Florence Cassen Mayers
Modernist
- Using or altering of "classic/traditional" forms or structures to both resist or pay homage to them...giving a new twist on it. - similar to modern formalism as in all American sestina.
Carolyn Kizer "After Basho"
- a HAIKU about pallid moon - tentatively (meaning not complete or definite) YOU is to the moon
Robert Frost "Acquainted with the Night"
- a SONNET - speaker is describing the depths of the darkness they have encountered; seems to be lonely & disappointed may actually be walking in the lonely streets or just simply having lonesome thoughts at night
Dylan Thomas "Do not go gentle into that good night"
- a VILLANELLE - speaker is describing or talking to their father nearing death, uses an urgent tone to encourage father to cling to life and not give up - "rage, rage against the dying of the light"
Epigram
- a short, satirical poem - expressing an idea in a clever & amusing way w/ a witty or ingenious ending
Luisa Igloria "Venom"
- a woman drinking her feelings away after a breakup - 10 2 lined stanzas represent each shot of Caballeros tequila speaker drinks - OPEN FORM poem - Structure is significant - "she's fallen for the one she can't have" - lots of metaphors and similes - "she's let her heart float to her mouth" - and "drains the little cups like they were poison"
Florence Cassen Mayers "All American Sestina"
- about patriotism - speaker describes parts or (materialistic) things that are associated with living the American Dream
Paul Lawrence Dunbar "Theology"
- an EPIGRAM that talks about god & religion - humorously pokes fun at human frailty. - the title is ironic, since speaker doesn't qualify as real theologist - achieves comic effect w/ a change of tone 1/2 through. - 1st 2 lines create impression that speaker is a devout, spiritual person w/ his mind on higher things. - Then last 2 lines change things up & reveals speaker as being somewhat self-righteous & hostile in his attitude toward other people
Stanza
- arrangement of a certain number of lines, usually 4+, sometimes having a fixed length, meter, or rhyme scheme, forming a division of a poem
Post modernist
- complete resistance to traditional forms using fragmentation, pastiche & pop reference. - Pieces of info coming from everywhere. - More about aesthetics of a certain time, region/country.
Lee Ann Roripaugh "Luscious Things"
- form of cataloguing - speaker invokes sensuality via different pieces of fruit - tangelo, peach, banana, fig, pomegranate, artichoke/ claims that all are luscious but the banana
Walt Whitman "I sing the body electric"
- form of cataloguing - the speaker is listing body parts - mentions that all these parts make up the soul - men and women are created equal
Allen Ginsberg "Howl"
- historical context of 1950s/post WWII is paramount! - Story is divided into 3 parts - the idea of the ideal american life was beginning to form - Ginsberg speaks with the voices of the "lost generation"- the artists, musicians, professors, writers, drug addicts, alcoholics, prostitutes etc. - Ginsberg is drawing on the lost generation excluded from or outcasted from where they come from - part 1 is all about who those people are - part 2 is more of who and what did this to those people - "Moloch" is a mythological god that children are sacrificed for - he describes moloch as the rulers of the country/government - part 3 is directed to Carl Solomon- the author's friend & who was with him in the mental institute (Rockland) and who this entire story is written to
Naomi Shihab Nye "Dictionary in the Dark"
- historical context of OEF - highlighting words/phrases said to ease publics mindset on war - "weapons of mass destruction" and "awe"
2 steps in analyzing poems
- identification & assessment
What is the function of image?
- it expresses to convey abstract concepts w/ physical descriptions that deal w/ the senses, i.e. mood & emotion
Image/imagery
- language that engages the senses, the memory & the imagination
Gary Soto "Oranges"
- narrative poem in which the speaker reflects on first crush/love. - vivid use of words & sound elements = bright, light, cars hissing, fog hanging, fire in hands, frost cracking - in the winter- December
Sestina
- poem w/ 6 stanzas of 6 lines ea . & a final triplet - all stanzas having the same 6 words at the line -ends in 6 different sequences that follow a fixed pattern - & w/ all 6 words appearing in closing 3-line envoy.
Elizabeth Bishop "Sestina"
- repeitition on words house, almanac, tears, stove, child
Consonance
- repetition of consonant sounds in middle or end of word - aka Slant rhyme, as in reason & raisin, mink & monk.
2 characteristics of poems
- sonic elements & lineation
John Updike "Player Piano"
- speaker IS the piano talking about the keys being played
Andrew Hudgins "The Cow"
- speaker explains how the cow is slaughtered for sustenance for their family & others too from beginning to end. - Comedic irony - Rhyme scheme provides levity
David Kirby "Elvis Be My Psychopomp"
- speaker is dreaming of visiting/finding his parents in the underworld as Elvis is his guide
Brian Turner "Here, Bullet"
- speaker is in a firefight during OEF. - Can be revered as bullet is a rush vice fear, invoking it. - Addressing the bullet itself - sonic elements include hissing, clavicle snapped, explosives, punctures/ theme of war
Kevin Young "Doo Wop"
- speaker talks about a lover? - Sound approx doo wop music
William Blake "London"
- speaker walking streets of London at night as he takes in sights of Industrial Rev. taking its toll on city. - use of images & sonic elements, there is repetition - it is seen as a place full of tears, sorrow & unhappy people
Lyric Essay
- sub-genre of personal essay based on images/ideas of particular theme - combining elements of poetry & personal essays. - Focuses on imagery, emotion, &/or sound rather than the narrative.
Form
- the physical structure of a poem - the length of the lines, their rhythms, their system of rhymes and repetition
Adrian Matejka "Do the Right Thing"
- the speaker is talking about an encounter with Spike Lee that didn't go as well as he'd like. - Aaaannnnnd Spike Lee dissed him about not being 'black'-worthy enough to get his newly purchased movie momento signed by Spike Lee himself - Even the crowd that witnessed was upset w/ how Spike Lee, ironically, DIDN'T "Do the Right Thing"
Volta
- the turn within a sonnet
Deus ex Machina
- translates to "God from the Machine" or "Machine of the Gods" - use of an unexpected event in a story in order to resolve the conflict.
Line
- unit of language that a poem or play is divided - operates on principles which are distinct from & not necessarily coincident with grammatical structures, such as the sentence or clauses in sentences
Cataloguing
- writing style of listing
Exact rhyme
2+ words share all same sounds after last stressed syllable
Slant/Near rhyme
2+ words share some of the same sounds after last stressed syllable ie cart & ark, worth & breath
Metaphor
A statement that one thing is something else, which, in a literal sense, it is not.
"Enough about you" (an editorial)
Brian Williams
Adaptation (film)
Charlie Kaufman
- POV: 1st Person - Setting: Chesapeake - accident, tshirt, bodies were in twisted like twins in utero, model, fishing line
DIORAMA, Jon Pineda ("Sleep in Me")
Skittery/lyric example
Doo Wop by Kevin Young
- couple eating lunch. - She's now vegetarian. - He's controlling. - awkward setting/altogether.
Hollinger "Naked Lunch"
Sleep in Me (Translucent, Diorama, & Yellow)
Jon Pineda = writes how memoirs approximates the function of our memories
A Man without a Country (A lesson in creative writing)
Kurt Vonnegut - also wrote "The Commandant's Desk"
Seinfeld "The Pitch" (screenplay)
Larry David
On Looking (The Smallest Woman in the World)
Lia Purpura
Naked Lunch (play)
Michael Hollinger
Internal rhyme
Rhyme that occurs within a line of poetry, as opposed to end rime
The Orchid Thief (The Millionaire's Hothouse)
Susan Orlean = started out w/ piece in New Yorker, goes down to FL & immerses herself in court proceedings. Straight forward narrative.
- POV: 1st person - Setting: hospital (waiting room) - ICU, tracheotomy tube, blue snake, red lights, body
TRANSLUCENT, Jon Pineda ("Sleep in Me")
Assonance
The repetition of 2+ vowel sounds in successive words, creating a rhyme
Alliteration
The repetition of a consonant sound @ beginning of words
Bossy Pants (Amazing, gorgeous, not like that and Dear Internet) = Satirical memoir
Tina Fey
Who is father of American open form free verse literature?
Walt Whitman, originating style of cataloguing
- POV: 1st person - Setting: on a pier lynnhaven Bay, Chesapeake Bay Bridge - dead body (carving on face), skate (cuts off, bridge tunnel, lights fishing
YELLOW, Jon Pineda ("Sleep in Me")
Biography
an account of a life written by someone else
Parentheticals
attitude or verbal directions pertaining to actions of actors, smaller forms of stage direction
Meter
basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse
Pastiche
collage-like
Memory
combination of fact & imagination
EXTENDED metaphor
comparison that affect & determines all the image related decisions in a poem
Play
dramatic work for stage/broadcast, broken into 3 acts
Image
expresses to convey abstract concepts w/ physical descriptions that deal with the senses. mood & emotion
Skittery/lyric
ideas more loosely associated, ie Doo Wop
Stage direction
instructions in text of play indicating movement, position, tone, sound effects & lighting, visuals
Immersion Journalism
non fiction that details an individual's experiences from a deeply personal perspective. When reporter immerses themselves in events & people involved. Is less focused on writer's life, & more about writer's specific experiences.
Essay
nonfiction focused on an idea, meant to be informational, or persuasive
Reportage
nonfiction focused on an object, event, person or group. Concerned with conveying factual information told in an objective 3rd person POV
Voice over
off-screen or off-camera narration in a film or TV show
Theme
overall meaning/effect of a creative endeavor/work of art, brought together by all other elements
Scene
part of act in play where action takes place w/out break in time
Rhyme scheme
pattern of rhyme in a line or poem (like meter)
Open form
poetry W/ NO predetermined structure which is determined by author
Closed form
poetry WITH predetermined structure Ie. haiku, sonnet, lymric
Historical context
political, economical, psychological, etc state of nation at time work of art was produced & is reflection of said time period
Memoirs
portion of personal life; told through a lens of memory
Symbol
something that stands for something else
Ruth Foreman "Poetry should ride the bus"
speaker uses poetry as a metaphor for a person going through the different stages in life..from childhood to their passing as an elderly.
Narrative
story like, logically flowing from one idea to the next. Ie Oranges
Creative nonfiction
use of literary craft, techniques fiction writers, playwrights, & poets employ to present nonfiction in a compelling, vivid, dramatic manner
Satire
using humor, irony, hyperbole, sarcasm, to make a comment on aspect of society or human folly
Enjambment
when a line is broken before syntax indicates
Sonic Integrity
when sound of poem contributes to its meaning or effect
End rhyme
words sharing same sounds occur at end of a line
Autobiography
written by someone else, chronological
Screenplay
written version of a film or television show