English 1 Unit 8

non sequitur

Non sequitur is a Latin phrase meaning "it does not follow." A non sequitur fallacy involves a conclusion that does not logically follow an explanation or argument given.

anecdote

a brief story a persuasive writer or speaker gives to convey a truth, emphasize a point, or appeal to the audience's emotions

premise

a broad, general statement

proposition

a claim or statement of opinion, supported by reasons or evidence

analogy

a comparison of two things that have similar characteristics

fallacy

a misleading statement that involves an error in reasoning

ethos

a persuasive appeal based on the credibility, authority, or experience of the writer or speaker

anecdote

a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person

appeal to false authority

An appeal to false authority occurs when a person is referred to as an authority, but he or she has no expert knowledge in that field.

false dilemma

False dilemma, also called an either/or fallacy, occurs when only two possible choices are presented, when, in fact, there are other choices.

hasty generalization

Hasty generalization is an argument based on insufficient evidence. It involves drawing a conclusion based on too small a population sample

circular logic

In an argument that uses circular logic, the support for a claim assumes that a claim is true rather than proving it.

inductive reasoning

reasoning that begins with specific facts and uses them to formulate a general, probable conclusion

deductive reasoning

reasoning that starts with a premise, and then gives a specific situation and derives a conclusion based on the premise and the situation

Repetion

repeating a phrase or phrases to get the message across to the reader.

slippery slope

A slippery slope fallacy occurs when a person argues that if one thing occurs, a chain of events will inevitably follow, leading to an undesirable outcome that cannot be avoided.

rhetorical question

used for effect. answered through the work of the author

rule of three

uses 3 verbs. makes the speeches more memorable

red herring

A red herring is an attempt to avoid an issue by bringing up an irrelevant topic.

ad hominem

An ad hominem fallacy is an attack on a person's character or reputation in an attempt to turn the audience against that person or distract the audience from the real issue.

straw man

The straw man fallacy involves misrepresenting another person's argument, making it easier to attack.

pathos

an appeal to the emotions of the audience

logos

an appeal to the logic or reasoning of the audience

counterargument

an argument against the opposing viewpoint

argument

an explanation that states an opinion about an issue, the reasons for holding that opinion, and the evidence that supports those reasons

persuasion

the act of convincing people by influencing their intellect, emotions, or sense of ethics

parallel structure

the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures

call to action

writing that urges people to action or promotes people to take action