English 1 Unit 8
non sequitur
Non sequitur is a Latin phrase meaning "it does not follow." A non sequitur fallacy involves a conclusion that does not logically follow an explanation or argument given.
anecdote
a brief story a persuasive writer or speaker gives to convey a truth, emphasize a point, or appeal to the audience's emotions
premise
a broad, general statement
proposition
a claim or statement of opinion, supported by reasons or evidence
analogy
a comparison of two things that have similar characteristics
fallacy
a misleading statement that involves an error in reasoning
ethos
a persuasive appeal based on the credibility, authority, or experience of the writer or speaker
anecdote
a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person
appeal to false authority
An appeal to false authority occurs when a person is referred to as an authority, but he or she has no expert knowledge in that field.
false dilemma
False dilemma, also called an either/or fallacy, occurs when only two possible choices are presented, when, in fact, there are other choices.
hasty generalization
Hasty generalization is an argument based on insufficient evidence. It involves drawing a conclusion based on too small a population sample
circular logic
In an argument that uses circular logic, the support for a claim assumes that a claim is true rather than proving it.
inductive reasoning
reasoning that begins with specific facts and uses them to formulate a general, probable conclusion
deductive reasoning
reasoning that starts with a premise, and then gives a specific situation and derives a conclusion based on the premise and the situation
Repetion
repeating a phrase or phrases to get the message across to the reader.
slippery slope
A slippery slope fallacy occurs when a person argues that if one thing occurs, a chain of events will inevitably follow, leading to an undesirable outcome that cannot be avoided.
rhetorical question
used for effect. answered through the work of the author
rule of three
uses 3 verbs. makes the speeches more memorable
red herring
A red herring is an attempt to avoid an issue by bringing up an irrelevant topic.
ad hominem
An ad hominem fallacy is an attack on a person's character or reputation in an attempt to turn the audience against that person or distract the audience from the real issue.
straw man
The straw man fallacy involves misrepresenting another person's argument, making it easier to attack.
pathos
an appeal to the emotions of the audience
logos
an appeal to the logic or reasoning of the audience
counterargument
an argument against the opposing viewpoint
argument
an explanation that states an opinion about an issue, the reasons for holding that opinion, and the evidence that supports those reasons
persuasion
the act of convincing people by influencing their intellect, emotions, or sense of ethics
parallel structure
the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures
call to action
writing that urges people to action or promotes people to take action
