English 101 Response Quiz Study Guide: Argument Culture, A Call for Unity, and MLK’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

A ___________ for an introduction is establishing the essay's__________.

primary objective, scope

By contrasting his position in jail with the audience's freedom as well as the message'stopic (freedom), MLK, Jr. creates _____________________

Rhetorical Distance.

Patience and Gradual Change:

The Black community should be patient for gradual change.

Call for Legal Action:

The activists should pursue their goals through the legal system and not protests.

Criticism of the Timing of Protests:

The timing of the protests is not fitting and is causing tension and division

Emphasis on Negotiation:

These issues should be resolved through negotiation and dialogue, not protests.

MLK, Jr. uses ___________ and ___________ examples throughout the letter to resonate with his audience

biblical and political

The generic characteristics of a public statement are:

Establish common ground, A concise explanation, and Clear, common diction

What is the writing process called?

Fluid and Recursive

The _________ part of the writing process involves generating ideas

Invention

The letter genre is fitting for MLK, Jr.'s response to the clergyman because:

Letters carry a personal touch which aligns with his message of unity, a brother hood of clergy. Letters are the common genre for communication to and from a prison cell. Letters can vary in length and allow him space to elaborate his points.

When were MLKs letters published?

MLK, Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" wasn't published in its entirety until nearly a full year after he wrote it.

Do all writers follow the same writing process?

NO

The acronym PIE stand for....

Point, Illustration, Explanation

What are the TWO basic types of evidence for support?

Primary and Secondary

Purpose: Primary Evidence

Primary evidence is used to support original research, provide concrete examples, and offer firsthand insights. It is essential for constructing strong arguments and conducting empirical research

Concern for Law and Order:

They commended local officials and law enforcement for their restraint.

Opposition to Nonviolent Protests:

Though the demonstrations were peaceful, they incited hatred and violence.

hook

a compelling and attention-grabbing opening sentence or paragraph designed to pique the reader's interest and draw them into the rest of the essay

claim

a condensed version of your overall argument, the basic message that youwant to convince your audience of

Level of Engagement: Primary Evidence

a direct engagement with the subject matter. It offers unfiltered and unmediated access to the original data orinformation, allowing researchers to draw their own conclusions

thesis

a product of a process of inquiry

Communicators should reach the drafting stage _______ considering who theiraudience will be.

after

Though "A Call for Unity" is concise, there are many ________ provided

claims

Purpose: Secondary Evidence

employed to contextualize, analyze,or synthesize information from primary sources. It helps researchers situate their work within existing scholarship and provides a broader understanding of a topic.

True or False: Summarizing the paper's main points and thesis in the conclusion is a common strategy; however, it is the most resonant, powerful method.

false

Accusations of Outsiders:

he protest leaders were outsiders coming to Birmingham and causing trouble.

Nature of the Source: Secondary Evidence

involves sources that interpret, analyze, or discuss primary evidence. These sources are created afterthe fact and often provide commentary, analysis, or summaries of primaryevidence. Examples include scholarly articles, books, reviews, and documentaries

Argument Culture

is the unpleasant public discourse where every issue has only two sides and participants shout each other down with logical fallacies and troublesome tactics.

Though we are passionate about specific subjects, it's always important to consider the timeliness (____________) of our responses

kairos

A ____________________ of any response paper that's not common for the standard academic essay is a ____________ of the original work the writer is responding to

key component, summary

n "A Call for Unity," the clergymen issued a______________

public statement

Nature of the Source: Primary Evidence:

refers to original and firsthand sources of information. These sources are created at the time of the event or research, by individuals who directly experienced or observed it. Examples include diaries, letters, photographs, interviews, surveys, and raw data

Level of Engagement: Secondary Evidence

relies on the interpretation and analysisof primary evidence. It involves a level of abstraction, as authors of secondarysources provide their own perspectives and insights based on primary evidence

How does MLK establish Ethos?

through his identity as a pastor and an American, his firsthand experience as a victim of segregation, his ability to argue and respond to theclergyman's statement.

How does MLK establish Pathos?

through strategically utilizing first person plural pronouns (we, us, our) to convey unity when discussing dreams of peace and freedom but2nd person pronouns (you, your) to communicate separation in what he has experienced compared to his audience.

purpose of a rhetorical argument

to arrive at a deeper understanding about an issue, one that will enable better decisions and stronger resolutions.

potential purposes

to show the original argument is flawed in logic, expand the original work to a new area not considered yet, and clarify the work's importance needs more attention and why