English 4 Voc.

Surrealism

A 20th-century new and unusual experimental movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential for the unconscious mind.

Apostrophe-

A figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman as if it were present and capable of responding. (Talking to fake things, so crazy people talking to dolls)

Simile-

A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word such as like, than, or resembles.

Metaphor

A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things without using a connective word such as like, as , than or resembles.

Sonnet-

A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of several rhyme schemes. (Mini lesson)

Personification

A kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman or nonliving thing or quality is talked about as if it were human or had life.

Frame Story

A literary technique that sometimes serves as a companion piece to a story within a story. This usually consists of using an introductory narrative is presented for the purpose of setting the stage either for a more in depth second narrative or a small set of shorter stories (STORY IN A STORY)

Ode:

A lyrical poem addressed to a specific subject

Existentialism

A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent who determines their own development through acts of the will. (Free will)

Chiasmus

A rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect.

Pastoral

A type of literature that depicts country life in idyllic, idealized terms.

Feminism

Advocating for women's rights for equality between the sexes.

Connotation

All the meanings, associations, or emotions that have come to be attached to a word.

Tragedy

Branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic individual. By extension the term may be applied to other literary works, such as the novel. (Shakespeare)

Tragic Flaw

Device that can be defined as a trait in a character leading to his downfall, and the character is often the hero of the literary piece.

Dystopia/Utopia

Dystopia is the direct opposite of utopia. A dystopia is a world in which nothing is perfect, the problems in our world now are often way worse in dystopia. A Utopia is a perfect world, where there are no problems like war, disease, poverty, oppression, discrimination, and inequality.

Imperialism

Expanding a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Metrical Pattern

Has a few lines that violate a well defined pattern.

Optimism

Hopefulness and confidence about the future or successful outcome of something.

Absurdism

Intentionally ridiculous or bizarre behavior or character. Da-Da

Postmodernism

Late 20th-century movement. A general suspicion of reason, and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power.

Aesthetic

Principle of beauty

Pessimism

Seeing the worst aspect of something or believing the worst will happen.

Narrative Style, Narrative Technique-

The form that the stories are built from, or in style the form that situations or details are portrayed

Materialism

The idea that physical items in life matter higher than most other things

Denotation

The literal dictionary definition of a word.

Alliteration

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of each word in a sentence

Soliloquy

Used in drama when a character talks to him/herself, relating thoughts and feeling, thereby also sharing them with the audience giving off the illusion of being a series of unspoken reflections. (Thoughts out loud)

Setting

a Time or place in a piece

Epic hero

a brave and noble character in an epic poem, admired for great achievements or affected by grand events: Beowulf, an epic hero with extraordinary strength.

Kenning

a compound expression in Old English and Old Norse poetry with metaphorical meaning, e.g., oar-steed = ship.

Oxymoron

a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self- contradictory effect Jumbo Shrimp

Iambic Pentameter

a foot or beat in poetry that consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, or a short syllable followed by a long syllable. (5 sets of unstressed and stressed syllables)

Stanza

a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem

Epic

a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.

Pedantic

a negative term that refers to someone or something who is overly concerned with literal accuracy and formalities. (Over "teachy")

Tragic Hero

a person of noble birth with heroic or potentially heroic qualities.

Caricature

a picture, description, etc., ludicrously exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or things(HARD TO DRAW)

Elegy

a poem of series reflections Typically a lament for the dead

Rhyme Scheme

a poets deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme with other lines in a poem or a stanza.

Rhetorical Questions:

a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer

Simple Sentence

a sentence with one subject and one verb. "I like cats."

Verse

a single metrical line in a poetic composition

Paradox:

a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

Industrialism

a system built around the idea of manufacturing industries

Irony

a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated

Epithet

an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned ( Superman, Man of steel)

Symbolism

an object, person, or situation has another meaning other than its literal meaning

Allusion

author makes an indirect reference in speech, text, or song to an event (Bible)

Complex Sentence

contain an independent clause and at least one dependent clause "I like cats but only tolerate birds. (Can't break up and sound correct)

Characterization

description of qualities or peculiarities

Gothic

employs dark and picturesque scenery

Hyperbole

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Logos

greek word meaning logic; rational appeals to persuade (True argument should use this @NFL/NSAD)

Compound Sentence

has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon or conjunction "I like cats, but I only tolerate birds."

Romanticism-

in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual (Walden) (See 5i's) Imagination, individual, Idealism, inspiration, intuition

Colloquial

informal vocabulary, Connotative rather than denotative

Caesura

is a pause in a line that is formed by the rhythms of natural speech rather than meter. Dramatic effect

Scop

is used, for the most part to designate oral poets within Old English literature. Told the "hero's" story to keep you alive. As value as Warriors

Conceit:

metaphor that compare two very unlike things in a surprising and clever way. Often extended metaphors that dominate an entire passage or poem.

Grotesque

odd or unnatural in shape, appearance character inducing both empathy and disgust (Hate but feel sorry for them)

Bias

prejudice in favor or against one thing

Mood

quality of a verb that conveys the writer's attitude toward a subject Mood= Me

Motif

recurring symbol which takes on a figurative meaning recurring but not the overall theme (Juliet is sun)

Victorian

relating to the era of Queen Victoria's reign.

Point of View-

telling a story/ who narration, first person, second person, third person limited or third person omniscient

Tone

the author's attitude toward a subject based on word choice to affect a certain mood. (Tone= The Author)

Ethos

the moral element in dramatic lit that determines a characters action rather than his or her thought or emotion(Ethical expertise)

Understatement-

the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

Theme

the subject of a writing, someone's thoughts or a topic. (in word or two)

Satire

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices

Sarcasm:

the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.

Pathos

trying to provoke someone's emotions(passions)

Blank Verse

verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter.

Archetype

very typical example of a certain person or thing. Biggest type of symbol universal in all cultures (The villain, the hero stands for bigger picture)

Imagery

visually description in literature, language that appeals to the senses

Dialogue

written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people, and a literary and theoretical form that depicts such on exchange.