English 4 Voc.
Surrealism
A 20th-century new and unusual experimental movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential for the unconscious mind.
Apostrophe-
A figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman as if it were present and capable of responding. (Talking to fake things, so crazy people talking to dolls)
Simile-
A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word such as like, than, or resembles.
Metaphor
A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things without using a connective word such as like, as , than or resembles.
Sonnet-
A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of several rhyme schemes. (Mini lesson)
Personification
A kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman or nonliving thing or quality is talked about as if it were human or had life.
Frame Story
A literary technique that sometimes serves as a companion piece to a story within a story. This usually consists of using an introductory narrative is presented for the purpose of setting the stage either for a more in depth second narrative or a small set of shorter stories (STORY IN A STORY)
Ode:
A lyrical poem addressed to a specific subject
Existentialism
A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent who determines their own development through acts of the will. (Free will)
Chiasmus
A rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect.
Pastoral
A type of literature that depicts country life in idyllic, idealized terms.
Feminism
Advocating for women's rights for equality between the sexes.
Connotation
All the meanings, associations, or emotions that have come to be attached to a word.
Tragedy
Branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic individual. By extension the term may be applied to other literary works, such as the novel. (Shakespeare)
Tragic Flaw
Device that can be defined as a trait in a character leading to his downfall, and the character is often the hero of the literary piece.
Dystopia/Utopia
Dystopia is the direct opposite of utopia. A dystopia is a world in which nothing is perfect, the problems in our world now are often way worse in dystopia. A Utopia is a perfect world, where there are no problems like war, disease, poverty, oppression, discrimination, and inequality.
Imperialism
Expanding a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Metrical Pattern
Has a few lines that violate a well defined pattern.
Optimism
Hopefulness and confidence about the future or successful outcome of something.
Absurdism
Intentionally ridiculous or bizarre behavior or character. Da-Da
Postmodernism
Late 20th-century movement. A general suspicion of reason, and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power.
Aesthetic
Principle of beauty
Pessimism
Seeing the worst aspect of something or believing the worst will happen.
Narrative Style, Narrative Technique-
The form that the stories are built from, or in style the form that situations or details are portrayed
Materialism
The idea that physical items in life matter higher than most other things
Denotation
The literal dictionary definition of a word.
Alliteration
The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of each word in a sentence
Soliloquy
Used in drama when a character talks to him/herself, relating thoughts and feeling, thereby also sharing them with the audience giving off the illusion of being a series of unspoken reflections. (Thoughts out loud)
Setting
a Time or place in a piece
Epic hero
a brave and noble character in an epic poem, admired for great achievements or affected by grand events: Beowulf, an epic hero with extraordinary strength.
Kenning
a compound expression in Old English and Old Norse poetry with metaphorical meaning, e.g., oar-steed = ship.
Oxymoron
a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self- contradictory effect Jumbo Shrimp
Iambic Pentameter
a foot or beat in poetry that consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, or a short syllable followed by a long syllable. (5 sets of unstressed and stressed syllables)
Stanza
a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem
Epic
a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.
Pedantic
a negative term that refers to someone or something who is overly concerned with literal accuracy and formalities. (Over "teachy")
Tragic Hero
a person of noble birth with heroic or potentially heroic qualities.
Caricature
a picture, description, etc., ludicrously exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or things(HARD TO DRAW)
Elegy
a poem of series reflections Typically a lament for the dead
Rhyme Scheme
a poets deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme with other lines in a poem or a stanza.
Rhetorical Questions:
a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer
Simple Sentence
a sentence with one subject and one verb. "I like cats."
Verse
a single metrical line in a poetic composition
Paradox:
a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
Industrialism
a system built around the idea of manufacturing industries
Irony
a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated
Epithet
an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned ( Superman, Man of steel)
Symbolism
an object, person, or situation has another meaning other than its literal meaning
Allusion
author makes an indirect reference in speech, text, or song to an event (Bible)
Complex Sentence
contain an independent clause and at least one dependent clause "I like cats but only tolerate birds. (Can't break up and sound correct)
Characterization
description of qualities or peculiarities
Gothic
employs dark and picturesque scenery
Hyperbole
exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Logos
greek word meaning logic; rational appeals to persuade (True argument should use this @NFL/NSAD)
Compound Sentence
has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon or conjunction "I like cats, but I only tolerate birds."
Romanticism-
in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual (Walden) (See 5i's) Imagination, individual, Idealism, inspiration, intuition
Colloquial
informal vocabulary, Connotative rather than denotative
Caesura
is a pause in a line that is formed by the rhythms of natural speech rather than meter. Dramatic effect
Scop
is used, for the most part to designate oral poets within Old English literature. Told the "hero's" story to keep you alive. As value as Warriors
Conceit:
metaphor that compare two very unlike things in a surprising and clever way. Often extended metaphors that dominate an entire passage or poem.
Grotesque
odd or unnatural in shape, appearance character inducing both empathy and disgust (Hate but feel sorry for them)
Bias
prejudice in favor or against one thing
Mood
quality of a verb that conveys the writer's attitude toward a subject Mood= Me
Motif
recurring symbol which takes on a figurative meaning recurring but not the overall theme (Juliet is sun)
Victorian
relating to the era of Queen Victoria's reign.
Point of View-
telling a story/ who narration, first person, second person, third person limited or third person omniscient
Tone
the author's attitude toward a subject based on word choice to affect a certain mood. (Tone= The Author)
Ethos
the moral element in dramatic lit that determines a characters action rather than his or her thought or emotion(Ethical expertise)
Understatement-
the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.
Theme
the subject of a writing, someone's thoughts or a topic. (in word or two)
Satire
the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices
Sarcasm:
the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
Pathos
trying to provoke someone's emotions(passions)
Blank Verse
verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter.
Archetype
very typical example of a certain person or thing. Biggest type of symbol universal in all cultures (The villain, the hero stands for bigger picture)
Imagery
visually description in literature, language that appeals to the senses
Dialogue
written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people, and a literary and theoretical form that depicts such on exchange.