English Study Guide (Final Exam)

In "For More Wonder, Rewild the World," what is the most likely reason the speaker uses a conversational tone?

to befriend the audience and to make the complex content easier to understand

In "For More Wonder, Rewild the World," Monbiot asserts that in the past, a far greater range of plant and animal species than we know of lived in Earth's ecosystems. Which passage from the presentation most effectively supports this stance?

"And even so, you can still see the shadows of these great beasts in our current ecosystems. Why is it that so many deciduous trees are able to sprout from whatever point the trunk is broken? Why is it that they can withstand the loss of so much of their bark? Why do understory trees, which are subject to lower sheer forces from the wind and have to carry less weight than the big canopy trees, why are they so much tougher and harder to break than the canopy trees are? Elephants. They are elephant-adapted."

What evidence from "Street Farmer" supports the idea that urban gardening generates employment opportunities? Select all that apply. Street Farmer

"And in May, the Kellogg Foundation gave Allen $400,000 to create jobs in urban agriculture." "Without microbe- and nutrient-rich worm castings ... he couldn't employ scores of people, some from the nearby housing project ..." (partial)

Which statement from "For More Wonder, Rewild the World" establishes the speaker's perspective on the human aspect of rewilding and how rewilding motivates people?

"And perhaps this is the most important thing that rewilding offers us, the most important thing that's missing from our lives: hope."

What evidence from "Street Farmer" supports the inference that Will Allen is always looking for ways to expand urban gardening?

"As Allen can't help reminding us, with a mischievous smile, 'Chicago has 77,000 vacant lots.'"

What evidence from "Street Farmer" supports the central idea that interest in urban gardening is rapidly growing? Select all that apply.

"Community gardens have waiting lists. Seed houses and canning suppliers are oversold." "Last year, he took in six million pounds of spoiled food, which would otherwise rot in landfills and generate methane, a potent greenhouse gas." (Partial)

Which passages from "Street Farmer" contain figurative language? Select all that apply.

"I'd run my experiments over and over and over—just like an athlete operates." The farmers in training hung on every word.

In which two passages from "For More Wonder, Rewild the World" does Monbiot best use word choice to support his stance that all species, including humans, thrive when they live as nature intends? Select all that apply.

"It offers us the hope that our silent spring could be replaced by a raucous summer." "And I found myself sort of scratching at the walls of life, as if I was trying to find a way out into a wider space beyond. I was, I believe, ecologically bored."

The title of the presentation "For More Wonder, Rewild the World" suggests Monbiot's perspective is that restoring ecosystems to their natural, wild state would make human life more exciting and fulfilling. Which two passages from the presentation most clearly establish Monbiot's perspective? Select all that apply.

"Now, I mentioned that there are two definitions of rewilding that interest me. The other one is the rewilding of human life. And I don't see this as an alternative to civilization. I believe we can enjoy the benefits of advanced technology, as we're doing now, but at the same time, if we choose, have access to a richer and wilder life of adventure when we want to because there would be wonderful, rewilded habitats." "Paleoecology, the study of past ecosystems, crucial to an understanding of our own, feels like a portal through which you may pass into an enchanted kingdom. And if we really are looking at areas of land of the sort of sizes I've been talking about becoming available, why not reintroduce some of our lost megafauna, or at least species closely related to those which have become extinct everywhere?"

What evidence from "Conservation as a National Duty" supports the inference that Roosevelt believes the focus on industrialization and accumulation has negatively affected the character of American citizens?

"So great and so rapid has been our material growth that there has been a tendency to lag behind in spiritual and moral growth ..."

Which passage from "The Bean-Field" shows that the soil Thoreau cultivated was poor in nutrients?

... but in the course of the summer it appeared by the arrowheads which I turned up in hoeing, that an extinct nation had anciently dwelt here and planted corn and beans before white men came to clear the land, and so, to some extent, had exhausted the soil for this very crop.

What evidence from "Conservation as a National Duty" best establishes that Roosevelt's speech is structured to bring attention to an issue and to make a call to action for change? Select all that apply.

"This Conference on the conservation of natural resources is in effect a meeting of the representatives of all the people of the United States called to consider the weightiest problem now before the Nation; and the occasion for the meeting lies in the fact that the natural resources of our country are in danger of exhaustion if we permit the old wasteful methods of exploiting them longer to continue." "I have asked you to come together now because the enormous consumption of these resources, and the threat of imminent exhaustion of some of them, due to reckless and wasteful use, once more calls for common effort, common action."

Which passage from "Street Farmer" contains an allusion?

A writhing mass of red worms dangled from his tines. He bent over, raked another section with his fingers and palmed a few beauties. (Incorrect)

Read the paragraph from "Peregrine Falcon." (9) Scientists at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center near Laurel, Maryland, began investigating the peregrine's decline. They found unusually high concentrations of the pesticide DDT and its breakdown product DDE in peregrine falcons and other birds of prey. The peregrines accumulated DDT in their tissues by feeding on birds that had eaten DDT-contaminated insects or seeds. The toxic chemical interfered with eggshell formation. As a result, falcons laid eggs with shells so thin they often broke during incubation or otherwise failed to hatch. Because too few young were raised to replace adults that died, peregrine populations declined precipitously. Which two transitions are most helpful in determining the organizational structure of the paragraph? Select all that apply.

Because As a result

In "Save the Redwoods," how does the organizational structure of Paragraph 3 help to develop Muir's point that redwoods are at great risk?

By specifically describing the small range in which redwoods grow, he emphasizes that redwoods are a rare resource that cannot easily be replaced if destroyed.

Read the passage from The Education of a Young Chief. Yes, Niagara will be Niagara a thousand years hence! The rainbow, a wreath over her brow, shall continue as long as the sun, and the flowing of the river—while the work of art, however impregnable, shall in atoms fall! What idea can be inferred from this passage?

Elements of nature will outlast man-made elements.

What is a central idea in "Street Farmer"?

Food and animal waste can be repurposed to benefit people and the environment.

Read this passage from "Street Farmer." "Creating soil from waste is what I enjoy most," he said. "Anyone can grow food."What does Allen actually mean when he states, "Anyone can grow food"?

He believes his work is unique in the agricultural field and requires great expertise.

Read the passage. The actor's life is a Cinderella story. She was waiting tables in Hollywood when a casting director spotted her and gave her a small role. An Oscar nomination followed, and her career took off. What is the purpose of using the phrase a Cinderella story in this passage?

It compares the actor's life to events in the story "Cinderella," in which the heroine rises from poverty to find riches and happiness.

Which option contains a euphemism?

Kevin was let go from his position in sales because of low productivity and a poor attitude.

Which option best states a central idea of "Save the Redwoods"?

One reason to save the redwoods is that the measures established to protect the trees will serve as a model for forest conservation in other parts of the country.

Which passages from The Education of a Young Chief best show that an important aspect of the narrator's culture is to think of the needs of others in the community before one's own needs? Select all that apply.

The Indians, as has just been said, once had a custom, which is now done away, of making a great feast of the first deer that a young hunter caught; the young hunter, however, was not to partake of any of it, but wait upon the others. " "If you reverence the aged, many will be glad to hear of your name," were the words of my father. "The poor man will say to his children, 'my children, let us go to him, for he is a great hunter, and is kind to the poor; he will not turn us away empty.'"

Which response explains how the text structure used in "Peregrine Falcon" effectively develops ideas in the text?

The cause-and-effect structure explains how the plight of the falcons contributed to the ban on DDT.

How does the overall structure of "Conservation as a National Duty" facilitate the development of ideas in the speech?

The cause-and-effect structure tells how each type of natural resource is used and explains the specific effects of the resources' usage on the environment. (incorrect)

A reviewer described a dancer as supple. What did the reviewer mean?

The dancer was flexible and moved easily.

A central idea in "Principles of Conservation" is that applying the principles of conservation will lead to greater efficiency in all aspects of life. Which two passages from the text best support this idea? Select all that apply.

The development of resources and the prevention of waste and loss, the protection of the public interests, by foresight, prudence, and the ordinary business and home-making virtues, all these apply to other things as well as to the natural resources. ... we are coming to see the logical and inevitable outcome that these principles, which arose in forestry and have their bloom in the conservation of natural resources, will have their fruit in the increase and promotion of national efficiency along other lines of national life.

A central idea in "Principles of Conservation" is that people have an obligation to effectively manage natural resources. Which two passages from the text best support this central idea? Select all that apply.

The first duty of the human race is to control the earth it lives upon. The development of our natural resources and the fullest use of them for the present generation is the first duty of this generation.

Which answer best states a central idea from "Principles of Conservation"?

The first principle of conservation is development; people should benefit from using natural resources now.

In which sentence are all words used correctly?

The judge asked the attorney to cite the cases that would back up her argument.

Read this sentence from "Conservation as a National Duty." Indeed, the growth of this Nation by leaps and bounds makes one of the most striking and important chapters in the history of the world. What is the meaning of the figurative language in this sentence? Select all that apply.

The phrase "chapters in the history of the world" compares periods of time to parts of a book. The phrase "by leaps and bounds" means moving forward with rapid progress.

Read the passage from "The Bean-Field" by Henry David Thoreau. What was the meaning of this so steady and self-respecting, this small Herculean labor, I knew not. I came to love my rows, my beans, though so many more than I wanted. Why does Thoreau use the phrase "Herculean labor" in this passage?

Thoreau alludes to Hercules to convey the intensity and difficulty of his work in the fields.

Which passages from "The Bean-Field" contain evidence that supports the inference that Thoreau compares farming to art? Select all that apply.

When my hoe tinkled against the stones, that music echoed to the woods and the sky, and was an accompaniment to my labor ... I worked barefooted, dabbling like a plastic artist in the dewy and crumbling sand ...

A central idea of "Principles of Conservation" focuses on the prevention of waste. Which passage from the text best develops and supports the idea?

Whether it is to last for a hundred or a hundred and fifty or a thousand years, the coal is limited in amount, unless through geological changes which we shall not live to see, there will never be any more of it than there is now. But coal is in a sense the vital essence of our civilization. If it can be preserved, if the life of the mines can be extended, if by preventing waste there can be more coal left in this country after we of this generation have made every needed use of this source of power, then we shall have deserved well of our descendants.

Read the sentence. The former senator fell to the floor in gratitude when he received the news that he was nominated to serve as Secretary of Defense. The phrase fell to the floor is _[blank]_. Which response most effectively completes the sentence?

an instance of hyperbole

Based on the information in "For More Wonder, Rewild the World," how does Monbiot think we can bring natural habitats back to Earth?

by reintroducing a predator species at the top of a food chain, which can restore an entire natural ecosystem

Read the paragraph from "Peregrine Falcon." (8) Peregrine falcons have never been very abundant. Studies in the 1930s and 1940s estimated that there were about 500 breeding pairs of peregrine falcons in the eastern United States and about 1,000 pairs in the West and Mexico. Then, beginning in the late 1940s, peregrine falcons suffered a devastating and rapid decline. By the mid-1960s, the species had been eliminated from nearly all of the eastern U.S. Although less severe, the decline spread west, where peregrine populations were reduced by 80 to 90 percent by the mid-1970s. At that time, only the populations of Peale's falcons nesting along the north Pacific Coast in Alaska and British Columbia appeared to be stable. What organizational structure is used in this paragraph and how do you know?

chronological, because of the dates listed and words like Then, By, and At that time

Reread Paragraph 1 in "Save the Redwoods." What structure does the author use to organize the ideas in the paragraph?

compare and contrast

Read this paragraph from "Conservation as a National Duty." Since then our knowledge and use of the resources of the present territory of the United States have increased a hundred-fold. Indeed, the growth of this Nation by leaps and bounds makes one of the most striking and important chapters in the history of the world. Its growth has been due to the rapid development, and alas that it should be said! to the rapid destruction, of our natural resources. Nature has supplied to us in the United States, and still supplies to us, more kinds of resources in a more lavish degree than has ever been the case at any other time or with any other people. Our position in the world has been attained by the extent and thoroughness of the control we have achieved over nature; but we are more, and not less, dependent upon what she furnishes than at any previous time of history since the days of primitive man. Which words or phrases establish the cause-and-effect structure of the paragraph?

due to; attained by

Read the passage from "For More Wonder, Rewild the World." Isn't it an amazing thought that every time you wander into a park or down an avenue or through a leafy street, you can see the shadows of these great beasts? Paleoecology, the study of past ecosystems, crucial to an understanding of our own, feels like a portal through which you may pass into an enchanted kingdom. And if we really are looking at areas of land of the sort of sizes I've been talking about becoming available, why not reintroduce some of our lost megafauna, or at least species closely related to those which have become extinct everywhere? Why shouldn't all of us have a Serengeti on our doorsteps? What is the speaker's tone in the passage?

excited

Read the sentences. My friend Mario seems to fall in love at the drop of a hat. If a girl smiles at him, talks to him, or even glances his way, he takes it as a sign that they are meant to be together! What is the meaning of the phrase at the drop of a hat?

immediately

Read the paragraph from "Peregrine Falcon." (14) To release captive-bred peregrines, young birds are placed in specially equipped boxes on top of a manmade tower or cliff ledge. At first, the birds are fed through a chute so they cannot see their human benefactors. When they are old enough, the box is opened and the young peregrines begin testing their wings. Their food is gradually reduced as the young falcons learn to hunt on their own. This process is known as "hacking." What is the organizational structure used in this paragraph?

sequence