English unit 5

What language is the original source of the word fear?

ON

a sudden, direct address to an inanimate object or a fictitious person

apostrophe

select a key passage that can stand alone

compound

the meaning of freedom

definition

What three elements are necessary for a play?

dialogue character plot

the history of a word

etymology

A book report written for an English teacher

formal

Necessarily, therefore, none of them has the completeness of effect which is so marked in the Oresteia.

formal

Verbals that end in -ing and are used as nouns are _____.

gerunds

ofrenchword endings used to communicate grammatical functions

inflections

A poor way to test a speech is to _____.

lay it aside so that you will not be tired of it

the use of words which sound like the sounds that they describe

onomatopoeia

words that sound like the noises they describe

onomatopoeia

Women are terrible drivers; my aunt has had three automobile accidents.

oversimplfing the cause

I inherited my poor spelling ability from my parents.

oversimplifying the cause

Listen to the Tiny Tutor and answer the following question. The main idea is best expressed as _____.

paragraphs in writing are like camera angles in television

Mary found Jesus questioning the priests.

participle

more direct and simplified sentences

punctuation change

Tighten and relax your jaws, yawn, and exercise shoulder and neck muscles.

resonance

the pattern in which similar end-sounds occur in a poem

rhyme scene

a stated comparison using like or as

simile

She was one of those charming girls, born by a freak of destiny in a family of toilers.

simple

something that stands for something else

symbol

The woodpeckers ________ nest in this tree wake us up.

that

dramatic irony

the audience knows something the characters do not know

The central idea of a literary work is called the

theme

Some people are able to laugh at

themselves

Locate the verb shiver in Line 2. Which definition seems to fit this use?

to break into small pieces

In lines 1 through 8, what type of foot is used primarily?

trochaic

an accented syllable followed by an unaccented syllable

trochaic foot

A morality play is a dramatized allegory.

true

A novel of manners deals with the customs of a specific social class.

true

Poetry should usually not be cut.

true

borrowed and coined words

vocabulary

Take deep breaths supported with lower muscles to enable yourself to relax.

volume

When you take notes for a speech, _____.

write down only main ideas

An appositive is a type of pronoun that renames a noun.

false

Some historians have found Senator Blithefield to be firm of purpose, but Wilson found him stubborn.

negative connotation = stubborn

Which of the following groups did not influence the development of English in the Old English Period?

normans

Her main concern was wearing a diamond necklace.

phrase - gerund function -- predicate noun

Select the sentence that uses a prepositional phrase as an adverb.

Choose your words with great care.

How has the meaning of the word fear changed?

It shifted from a reference to a dangerous situation to the emotion.

Select the sentence with a clause used as a predicate noun.

The reason he opened the door was that the princess pointed to it.

Choose the most accurate definition of the following word using the suffix chart above. comfortable

capable of comfort

Industrial Pollution and Lung Cancer

cause/effect

If that was the design, it certainly succeeded.

complex

Nathan, who never does anything wrong, did something wrong.

complex

An essay which explains how to do something or how something happens is called illustrative writing.

false

An essay which has a thesis supported with examples is called process analysis.

false

Nonrestrictive clauses do not use commas.

false

A speech on disarmament for a regional speech contest

formal

When he and himself agreed upon anything.

fragment

Which language most heavily influenced English during the Middle English Period?

french

A campaign speech delivered to the student body

general

Choose the most accurate definition of the following word using the suffix chart above. servitude

state of being in service

Select the sentence that uses a prepositional phrase as an adjective.

the main character of this book does not change much

I'm bringing my blue fountain pen to the speech contest; I never forget my speech when I have my pen.

thinking that A causes B because A always comes before B

The verb whiten in Line 1 is a very compressed image. It means that the wind turns the white underside of the willow leaves upward. In Line 2, dusk is used in an unusual way. What is its meaning?

to become or make dark or dusky

And yet, that awful tiger, those shrieks, that blood!

fragment

I haven't seen her in ages.

general`

unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable

iambic foot

Word endings that indicate words' grammatical functions are called _____.

inflections (I think its suffixes though...)

She's never looked so cool.

informal

False acts of reasoning are known as

logical fallacies

Would you like Fred and ______ to leave for lunch now?

me

an implied (unstated) comparison

metaphor

the arrangement of beats or accents in a line of poetry

meter

Which of the following can be effectively cut from a reading selection (Mark all that apply.)?

minor characters subplots extraneous details from an article

Adjectives used in writing should be _____.

necessary and specific

Charles Dickens wrote about the poor because he himself had lived with and observed the poor and because he was sensitive to human suffering.

no fallacy

Verbals used only as adjectives are _____.

participles

gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, ideas, and animals

personification

The optimum level at which your voice operates with the greatest ease.

pitch

tone, the highness and lowness of the voice

pitch

amplification of the voice

resonance

If you are stiff and too nervous to look at your audience during your speech _____.

take a few steps and look slightly above your audience

A _______________________ is a word which joins words, phrases or clauses of the same grammatical type.

coordinating conjunction

Check some reasons why Americans have regional dialects.

economic conditions help to cause various dialects geographic barriers cause variations migration patterns from England influence of other languages

should we select as our temporary chairman?

Whom

Select the process that the following word has undergone. nice from ME nice (foolish)

amelioration: change in meaning to something more favorable

a word for which the pronoun stands

antecedent

He never smiled, he never frowned, he never changed his voice from the gentle-flowing key to which he turned the initial sentence.

compound-complex

Words which connect other words are called .

connectives

a pronoun ending in -self which emphasizes the noun or pronoun that it renames

intensive

I recall participating in a chess tournament.

verbal - gerund function - direct object

We must not shrink from exploring our mistakes as well as our successes.

verbal - gerund function - object of a preposition

There's always plenty of work to be done in any small town.

verbal - infinitive function - adjective

Levels of usage refers to the suggestive meanings of words.

false

Resonance is the level at which the voice operates with the greatest ease.

false

Restoration drama were deeply moralistic.

false

Tragedy and comedy first developed during Roman times.

false

Use a formal level of usage for all audiences.

false

When the monarchy was restored in England, the theaters were almost immediately closed.

false

You can never use too many adjectives in your speech.

false

Broad topics are excellent choices for speeches because they provide a wealth of material to discuss.

false

How might a character change in the course of a novel?

As a character cultivates and maneuvers his way through the course of a novel, he may face experiences or situations that cause him to change. He could change the way he views something, or his personality and character could change either for the better or for the worse. Depending on the way that the character handles and navigates certain situations in a novel will determine how the character changed.

In a speech, all difficult words should be removed.

false

In oral readings, you must read directly from the book the selection is from.

false

Select the correctly punctuated sentence.

Charles's essay was way too long. Mine, on the other hand, was too short.

Check all of the things to remember in cutting literature for an oral interpretation.

Do not distort the author's purpose. Use concise, important segments. Eliminate unnecessary description. Cut minor characters.

Select the sentence that uses a gerund phrase as its subject.

Earning money has been a difficult task lately.

How will a successful novelist use setting to unify his novel (Mark all that apply.)?

He will use it as a backdrop that allows the action to flow. He will use details in the setting to contribute to his purpose. He will create an atmosphere that reflects his characters.

Which of the following is a good speaking habit? Select all that apply.

Look audience members in the eye.

Writing is difficult because so many skills are involved. We must spell and form words correctly, and we must arrange sentences clearly. We must construct paragraphs logically, and we must pull paragraphs together so that they work to form a unified piece of writing. All these skills require frequent review, careful examination, and practice.

The topic sentence of this paragraph is _____. writing is difficult because so many skills are involved

Which two of the following examples are substantiated facts?

Two neighbors and I saw Eliot's dog kill a sheep. A recent survey of sheep farmers revealed that 100,000 sheep were killed by dogs last year.

A prison taint was on everything there. The imprisoned air, the imprisoned light, the imprisoned damps, the imprisoned men, were all deteriorated by confinement.As the captive men were faded and haggard, so the iron was rusty, the stone was slimy, the wood was rotten, the air was faint, the light was dim. Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside; and would have kept its polluted atmosphere intact, in one of the spice islands of the Indian ocean. (from Little Dorrit, Book the First, chapter 1, by Charles Dickens)

What is the main idea of this paragraph? "A prison taint was on everything there."

allegory

a story in which characters represent parts of a teaching

To make certain that the major points of your speech are clear _____.

all of the above

the repetition of consonants at the beginning of words

alliteration

the repetition of consonants which appear at the beginning of words ( baa, baa, black sheep)

alliteration

Ordering according to time, in order of occurrence is referred to as___________ sequence.

chronological

time sequence

chronological order

The Varieties of Finches on the Galapagos Islands

classification/division

A phrase which has lost its forcefulness of meaning through overuse is called a:

cliche

chronological order

clichés

I told him a friend of mine had commissioned me to make some inquiries about a cherished companion.

complex

objects that can be known by one or more of the five senses

concrete images

A catharsis is a type of comic character.

false

Take deep breaths supported with lower muscles so that you can relax and have enough air to phrase words properly.

true

The tragic hero usually has a tragic flaw.

true

When the theaters re-opened, the age of Restoration drama began.

true

When writing dialogue, a change in speaker should be signaled by a new paragraph.

true

Define the following word using the meanings of the suffixes given on the above chart. fatty

full of fat

An oral report delivered to the church's young people's group

general

Select the process that the following word has undergone. barn from OE bere ærn (barley house)

generalization: meaning broadens to refer to something general

When preparing literature for an oral interpretation, you should _____.

select a key passage that can stand alone

the pattern in which similar end-sounds (or rhymes) occur in a poem

rhyme scheme

Select the process that the following word has undergone.

specialization: meaning narrows to refer to something specific = deer from OE dor (any four-footed wild animal)

Some ancient and medieval works have several qualities present in novels.

true

The setting directly affects the tone of a story.

true

Writing which explains rather than describes, narrates a story, or argues a point is called expository writing.

true

You can limit your topic by looking carefully for related points in the ideas you have jotted down, by eliminating unrelated ideas, and by choosing an interesting focus or approach.

true

You should choose a speech topic about which you are informed.

true

You should use a subject, examples, and a level of usage that are appropriate for your audience.

true

Information not directly related to your topic should be eliminated even if it is very interesting.

true`

Nonrestrictive clauses are _______________ to the meaning of the words modified and are set off by commas.

unnecessary

Describe the overall mood, atmosphere, or underlying idea of the following excerpts and list the author's words that have connotations that contribute to that mood or idea. He was leaning against the ledge of an open lattice, but not looking out: his face was turned to the interior gloom. The fire had smouldered to ashes; the room was filled with the damp, mild air of the cloudy evening; and so still, that not only the murmur of the beck down Gimmerton was distinguishable, but its ripples and its gurgling over the pebbles, or through the large stones which it could not cover.(Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, Chapter 34.)

The description and keywords that Brontë uses in this excerpt coincide to create an image in the reader's head of sadness. Among these keywords is the word, "gloom" which initiates a sad or depressed atmosphere taking place inside of his room. The use of the word, "ashes" indicates how the emptiness and lack of joy encapsulate his room after a fire has left it in destruction. These keywords and descriptions of the atmosphere of his room signify his inner feelings as he gazes at the sight left by a fire.

Select the correctly punctuated sentence.

The facts are becoming clearer by the day; this new direction will lead to disaster.

Rewrite the following passage; combine thoughts to produce compound sentences and show logical relationships by subordinating less important clauses to more important ones. Use proper conjunctions, and use verbals or phrases wherever needed: - The sky was growing gray. The clouds were darkening. The sun was low. It was tinged with red. A biting wind blew. It was from the north. The tree branches whispered. The birds did not sing. They had gone to sleep. I was lonely. I thought about a warm walk last spring.

The sky was growing gray as the clouds darkened. The red-tinged sun was low and a biting wind blew from the north. The tree branches whispered and the birds did not sing for they had gone to sleep. I was lonely so I thought about a warm walk last spring.

Select the sentence with a clause used as a modifier to the verb.

We left the performance early because we were tired.

Definition 1 is _____.

a definition no longer used

a pronoun ending in -self functioning as an object; refers to a noun or pronoun in the sentence

reflexive

Select the process that the following word has undergone. meat from OE mete (food)

specialization: meaning narrows to refer to something specific

Describe the overall mood, atmosphere, or underlying idea of the following excerpts and list four words or phrases that have connotations that contribute to that mood or idea. Skirting the pool she followed the path towards Rainbarrow, occasionally stumbling over twisted furze-roots, tufts of rushes, or oozing lumps of fleshy fungi, which at this season lay scattered about the heath like the rotten liver and lungs of some colossal animal. The moon and stars were closed up by cloud and rain to the degree of extinction. (The Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy, Book Fifth, Chapter 7.)

"Skirting" indicates that she was journeying happily or with a joyful heart, perhaps excited to reach her destination. Yet, the fact that she was occasionally stumbling reveals that the path is filled with obstacles that make it difficult to travel. The description of those obstacles such as, "oozing lumps of fleshy fungi" that "lay scattered about the heath like the rotten liver and lungs of some colossal animal" show the reader that she is in a situation where she must travel through an undesirable area to reach her destination of Rainbarrow. This is especially true since the author includes that, "the moon and stars were closed up by cloud and rain to the degree of extinction," indicating that there is rain that never seems to stop, making her journey even more difficult and hard to endure. However, it is possible a journey that will make her appreciate achieving her goal of arriving in Rainbarrow which is obviously something she is determined to reach.

Check all of the impressions our use of spoken English can give about ourselves.

It can reveal our lack of education. It can tell whether we are from England or America. It can tell what region of the United States we are from. It can tell whether we consider a situation formal or informal.

Combine these ideas into one sentence using a noun clause. Jesus taught his disciples. They needed to love and forgive each other.

Jesus taught his disciples that they needed to love and forgive each other.

Combine these ideas into one sentence using an adjective clause. John Keats wrote poetry. He lived in the nineteenth century.

John Keats wrote poetry when he lived in the nineteenth century.

Select the correctly punctuated sentence.

John and Mary's house has a large front yard.

Select the correctly punctuated sentence.

John warned, "I would wait, Ellen, if I were you."

Why would a poet vary the number of feet in lines of poetry?

A poet may choose to vary the number of feet in lines of poetry to achieve a certain rhyme pattern or to emphasize certain aspects of his poem. By varying the number of feet in his lines of poetry, the poet may draw more attention or emotion to a particular line. This could be done by building the reader's suspense and making him read the same number of feet in the lines of his poem, then suddenly changing the number of feet in a line that he wants special emphasis placed on.

Review the excerpt from Tennyson's "Lady of Shalott, then answer the question. Willows whiten, aspens quiver, Little breezes dusk and shiver Thro' the wave that runs forever By the island in the river Flowing down to Camelot. Four gray walls and four gray towers, Overlook a space of flowers, And the silent isle embowers, The Lady of Shalott. How many feet are in Line 9?

3

Select the process that the following word has undergone.

= silly (happy) from OE slig = pejoration: change in meaning to something less favorable

Check the questions a listener should ask himself to judge a speaker's speech (Mark all that apply.).

Are the speaker's arguments logical? Is enough evidence given? Is support based on fact or opinion? Is the speaker an authority on the subject?

Review the excerpt from Tennyson's "Lady of Shalott, then answer the question. Willows whiten, aspens quiver, Little breezes dusk and shiver Thro' the wave that runs forever By the island in the river Flowing down to Camelot. Four gray walls and four gray towers, Overlook a space of flowers, And the silent isle embowers, The Lady of Shalott.

How many feet are used in each of the first 4 lines? - 4 feet

Charles is more eager to have the job than

I

Give four visual images in the passage.

One visual image is a scene with aspens swaying in the cold of the air as indicated through the words, "aspens quiver."Another image is one of wind moving through a river, breaking its reflections into pieces as demonstrated through the words, "little breezes dusk and shiver thro' the wave that runs for ever." A third image is of an island where there is a beautiful field of flowers as shown through the words, "overlook a space of flowers." Lastly, there is an image of the Lady of Shalott being encapsulated on an island as indicated through the mention of "four gray walls and four gray towers" and the line, "the silent isle imbowers The Lady of Shalott."

Combine these ideas into one sentence using an adverb clause. Prepare to go on stage. I will tell you the best time.

Prepare to go on stage once I tell you when the best time is.

Select the sentence with a clause used as a modifier to the subject.

The man who came here yesterday was selling magazines.

Many high school English programs are not very good at getting students ready for college. My brother took easy courses at his high school, like flicks courses, sci-fi courses, you know. Well, he flunked out of English at college. My sister thought she was taking real hard courses at her high school, but she fell flat as a pancake at State U.

Several high school English programs fail to prepare students for college. My brother studied very unchallenging courses at his high school such as flicks courses and sci-fi courses. Because of this, he failed English at college. My sister felt as though the courses she was taking were difficult, yet she miserably failed those courses at State U.

Select the sentence that uses a participial phrase.

The student receiving the achievement award should represent his class.

What are three methods of characterization a novelist may use?

The three methods of characterization an author may use include determining his personality by explaining his traits and actions, letting the reader examine a character's personality by observing his traits and actions, and revealing the character's thoughts through point of view.

Describe the overall mood, atmosphere, or underlying idea of the following excerpts and list words that have connotations that contribute to that mood or idea. Never can there come fog too thick, never can there come mud and mire too deep, to assort with the groping and floundering condition which this High Court of Chancery, most pestilent of hoary sinners, holds, this day, in the sight of heaven and earth. (Bleak House by Charles Dickens, Chapter 1.)

This passage describes the condition that the church is trying to help relieve. This condition is the weight and heaviness that sin bears down on the "hoary sinners." The author describes this weight of sin as fog so thick and mud so deep that hinders one's sight of heaven and earth clearly. The authors says this condition has never been so bad as it is in that moment and uses such description as "groping" and "floundering" to intensify the condition that has arisen. Such keywords seem to describe an atmosphere of chaos due to this uprising of sin that is extremely widespread and strong. The description the author uses creates a sense of desperation for an escape from as if these conditions were unbearable to live in.

Check all of the ways in which a speech can be made suitable for a particular kind of audience (Mark all that apply.).

Use appropriate level of usage. Choose a subject that will interest the audience. Use suitable connotations.

wise The man showed great -------- in his decision. new part of speech: ----------

WISDOM NOUN

Select the correctly punctuated sentence.

We enjoyed the sermon; we found help and comfort.

soliloquy

a character speaking to himself

aside

a character speaking to the audience

tragedy

a form of drama having a pyramid like structure

Which two of the following examples are authorities whose speeches should be reliable?

a medical doctor speaking about smoking an army general speaking about the weapons race

For some people, marking the text to be read can help in delivery.

true

At which part(s) of a speech will you most likely find statements of the main ideas?

beginning -(introduction) conclusion

In a speech, main ideas are often outlined _____.

both in the introduction and in the conclusion

What do the breezes do to the wave (Mark all that apply.)?

break the reflection of the water into "small pieces" darken them

Sara intends to rehearse her speech by reading it to Ellen and

me

Practice saying words you know you have difficulty with.

enunciation

If you are nervous, look just above your audience's heads.

eye contact

What are the three main divisions of a tragedy's plot?

falling action rising action climax

A morality play is a medieval play describing events of the Old and New Testaments and stories about saints.

false

A tragic hero is a character who, by definition, suffers a turn of fortune as a result of someone's betrayal of him.

false

Adding sentences that do not support the topic sentence can be useful for making difficult points.

false

Always use the same pitch.

false

Clichés are often helpful in getting an audience's interest.

false

In your outline, use Roman numerals for supporting details and examples.

false

The skills used in speaking are entirely different from those used in writing.

false

Which of the following was not a strong influence on American English during the Late Modern English Period?

heavy borrowings from Portuguese, Italian, Spanish

amelioration and pejoration

meaning changes

A letter to a vacationing sister

informal

giving the appearance of saying one thing while meaning something else

irony

In the example above, where do you find the etymology of the word fear?

it appears in brackets

I never accept _______ conclusion.

its

A noun that a pronoun refers to is called _____.

its antecedent

To improve the tone of your paper _____.

make the language suitable for the audience, avoiding language that is too formal or conversational

Give the letters to Jean and

me

A new paragraph is needed when encountering which of the following changes of focus (Mark all that apply.)? change of

mood time idea step place action point of view

I ______ was moved by the sermon.

myself

Mrs. Eliot has called her outspoken son a radical.

negative connotation = radical

My brother says that Helen is slender, but I think she's skinny.

negative connotation = skinny

The young man called his vandalism a boyish prank.

negative connotation = vandalism

The pudding tastes scorched because I forgot to stir it and allowed it to boil too long.

no fallacy

The level of usage to be avoided is _____.

nonstandard

Define the following word using the meanings of the suffixes given on the above chart. applicant

one who appplies

level at which voice operates with the greatest ease

optimum pitch

The best topic to write about is one you know well.

phrase - infinitive function - adjective

Many scientists have been researching the possibility of Black Holes.

phrase - preopisitional function - adjective

According to the text, which of the following contributed to the rise of the novel (Mark all that apply.)?

printing press rise in literacy social changes

tying a shoe

processs

linguistic shifts, spelling variances, and dialect changes

pronunciation and spelling changes

According to the lesson, in In His Steps, the ________ is a symbol of earthly poverty.

rectangle

A word ending in -self that referes to the previously used noun or pronoun is called _____.

reflexive

emphasizes the structure or word order of a language

syntax

Which of the following would be a good choice for oral reading (Mark all that apply.)?

the introduction and conclusion of a lengthy expository text a concise, contemporary poem a soliloquy illustrating the theme of a play

Which of the following was not a historical influence during the Early Modern English Period?

the invasion of England by William of Normandy

His greatest ambition is to follow in his father's footsteps.

verbal - infinitive function - predicate noun

Starving, the wolf left the pack in the middle of the night.

verbal - participle function - adjective

Greek playwrights used buffoons, puns, and parodies.

yrue