Enteral - Buccal and Sublingual

Buccal

Buccal refers to the area inside the cheek. The buccal area has large area of smooth muscle that allows for sustained delivery. The drug is placed between the upper gums and the cheek for buccal enteral administration. Traditionally this has been in the form of a patch, but in recent years, tablets have been developed for buccal mucosa delivery. More than one type of drug can be administered this way. In fact several different drugs with totally different purposes can be assimilated by the body through the buccal mucosa. A few of these include: nicotine gum -Delivers doses of nicotine to the blood-vessel-rich areas of the mouth. This drug is used in smoking cessation programs to administer measurably smaller and smaller doses of nicotine to the patient, with the intent to wean them from nicotine completely. NicoDerm CQ and Habitrol are brand-name nicotine gum products. testosterone -A male hormone, used to treat testosterone deficiency in men, marketed as Striant.

Sublingual

Sublingual refers to the area under the tongue near many blood vessels. The area underneath the tongue is more permeable (capable of being penetrated, particularly by a liquid or a gas) and has a rich blood supply, which means that substances can be assimilated very quickly from here. The area underneath the tongue is constantly being "washed out" with saliva, which makes it harder to administer drugs that require longer-term placement. Sublingual enteral administration means that the medication is placed under the tongue and is one of the fastest ways for a drug to get into the body systemically. Sublingual parenteral administration bypasses the gastrointestinal system, and it is both assimilated quicker and causes fewer breakdowns or change in the chemistry of the drug itself. buprenorphine SL -An opioid, ironically used for treatment of opioid dependence. A patient is given sublingual doses of narcotic buprenorphine, under a brand name such as Subutex, in order to avoid severe withdrawal symptoms. nitroglycerin SL -A vasodilator that relaxes blood vessels, easing the workload of the heart, often given for angina or chest pain isosorbide dinitrate SL -A vasodilator used to dilate the blood vessels, which helps to both prevent and alleviate heart pain

3.A brand name drug used to treat opioid dependence is

Subutex

1.The patient was instructed to place the tablet under the lip, just above the teeth. This is an example of _____ administration

buccal

4.A generic drug used to treat opioid dependence is

buprenorphine SL

6.Dilating the blood vessels can treat symptoms of angina, or chest pain. A generic drug that does this is

isosorbide dinitrate SL

2.It is possible for the tongue and cheek to be used as drug administration routes because the mucosa is _____.

permeable

5.A spray administered under the tongue to alleviate angina-related pain is an example of a ______ administration

suglingual