Environmental Health Final True / False
A relative risk of less than 1 means that there is no association between exposure and outcome.
False
An ecologic study is one that examines individual as the unit of analysis.
False
Chemical intake refers to the process that a substance enter body and pass through a barrier for ingestion or inhalation.
False
DDT is one type of organophosphate pesticides.
False
Dose response curve is always monotonically increasing.
False
Ebola is airborne.
False
If the hazard quotient (HQ) of Chemical A is 5 and the HQ of Chemical B is 1, it means that Chemical A is 5 times toxic than Chemical B.
False
Temperature inversion is an atmospheric condition during which a cool layer of air stalls above a layer of warm air that is closer to the surface of the earth.
False
The legal profession has virtually no relevance to the environmental health field.
False
The primary stage of sewage processing involves reduction of nitrates and phosphates.
False
The toxic substances listed in the CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances are ranked based on their toxicity.
False
Using data from an animal toxicity study to determine the NOAEL/LOAEL, the NOAEL/LOAEL can be a dose level that was not tested in the study.
False
A contemporary environmental issue is the release of greenhouse gases and their possible contribution to global warming.
True
A human can survive longer without food than without water.
True
Average daily dose is a measure of exposure level.
True
Cross sectional studies may be used to formulate hypotheses that can be followed up in analytic studies.
True
Essential metals (such as copper and zinc) may show a U or J shape dose response curve.
True
For a risk to occur, a hazard must exist and exposure must take place.
True
Improperly vented indoor cooking stoves can cause indoor air pollution.
True
In a case control study, cases are those who have the outcome of interest and the controls are those who do not.
True
It is possible that only LOAEL but no NOAEL can be identified from a dose response data set.
True
It is possible that some microorganisms can survive after disinfection.
True
Malaria is a vector borne disease and caused by parasites.
True
Most frequent sites of exposure to environmental chemicals include gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and skin.
True
One of the applications of LD50 is to compare the toxicity of chemicals.
True
The agent of anthrax has potential for use as a terrorist weapon.
True
The four principles of risk characterization are transparency, clarity, consistency, reasonableness.
True
The term waste denotes materials that are perceived to be of negative value.
True
The two main sources of drinking water are surface water and groundwater.
True
Used in cohort studies, the relative risk is a measure of the strength of association between a possible risk factor and a disease.
True
