Environmental Health Test 2

Pesticides are: A. Always highly toxic to humans B. All synthetic chemicals C. Always be the best weapon against insect pests D. All of the above E. None of the above

E. none of the above

Which of the following metals is not classified as a major toxic metal with multiple effects? A. Arsenic B. Beryllium C. Chromium D. Mercury E. Silver

E. silver

One of the most frequent methods of exposure to beryllium is: A. Workers inhalation of beryllium in the meat packing industry B. Via wounds in the skin C. Via direct skin contact D. Through ingestion E. Workers inhalation of beryllium in metal processing industries

E. worker's inhalation of beryllium in metal processing industries

The vector for the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States is:

rodents

The term that refers to low levels of ionizing radiation exposure over long time periods that are associated with an increased probability of the occurrence of an adverse health event is:

stochastic effect

Which of the following are associated with UV radiation exposure?

sunburn, temporary blindness, cataracts, skin cancer

A measure of the absorbed dose of radiation is:

the rad or gray

A measure of the tissue-specific, biologically effective dose of radiation:

the rad or gray

The most dangerous health effect linked to cell phone use is/are:

traffic accidents

What is/are the risk factors that can explain why thyroid cancer is Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster of 1986: A. population exposure to radioactive iodine B. Diets deficient in normal iodine C. Detection of the element ruthenium in the atmosphere over Sweden D. Children and adolescent exposures E. A,B, D

A, B, D

Which of the following statements is inaccurate in view of research on the association between exposure to EMF and cancer: A. The long-term effects are open to debate B. The long-term effects are clear and definitive C. The findings of some studies are questionable because of small samples sizes D. In a Norwegian study, no firm conclusions could be drawn E. None of the above

B

Identify the correct fact about Rabies: A. Human cases of rabies occur frequently in the US B. Post-exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully C. Outside the US, the most common vector is Gambian rats D. The disease has a low to medium fatality rate E. All of the above

B. Post-exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully

Which of the following is not classified as an arboviral disease? A. St. Louis encephalitis B. Rabies C. Tick-borne viral encephalitis D. West Nile Virus E. Japanese Encephalitis

B. Rabies

Biomagnification of heavy metals is a particular hazard associated with: A. Iron B. Mercury C. Copper D. Manganese E. None of the above

B. mercury

Which of the following statements about zoonotic diseases is most likely to be true? A. Immunocompromised persons may be at a reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases B. Children younger than 5 may be a reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases C. An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms D. A zoonotic disease is always associated with transmission by a vector E. none of the above

C. an animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms

which of the following statements about anthrax is untrue? A. The agent has potential for use as a terrorist weapon B. The agent is a spore-forming bacterium C. The inhalation form is always fatal D. The general population is unlikely to become infected E. None of the above

C. the inhalation form is always fatal

Alpha radiation is non-penetrating and therefore: A. It is not dangerous B. It is dangerous only to the bones C. It is dangerous only to the lungs D. It is dangerous when ingested or inhaled and localizes in certain tissues E. None of the above

D

Identify the incorrect statement: A. alpha and beta particles pose little or no hazard to human health B. Cosmic rays are a form of natural background radiation C. Street clothing protects the skin against alpha and beta particles D. Washing contaminated skin can reduce radiation exposure E. None of the above

D

Resurgence of Malaria has been attributed to: A. Discontinuance of DDT spraying B. Mosquitoes development of resistance C. Evidence of increased person-to-person transmission D. A& B E. A, B, C

D. A & B

Which statement about dioxins is untrue? A. They are highly toxic chemicals B. They may be produced as a byproduct of incineration C. They require many years to decompose D. They are never produced in the natural environment E. None of the above

D. they are never produced in the natural environment

Bodily injury from radiation depends on: A. Exposure dose B. The cumulative effects of exposure C. Whether the whole body or part of the body is exposed D. Individual susceptibility E. All of the above

E

Sources of non ionizing radiation include A. Radiation from power lines B. Radio Waves C. Infrared Radiation D. Visible Light Radiation E. All of the above

E

Arboviral diseases: A. refer to arthropod-borne viral diseases B. Can produce central nervous system illness C. Are most often spread by mosquitoes D. May produce active self-limited fevers E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Concerns regarding pesticide use include: A. Potential harm to agricultural workers B. Undesirable effects upon cattle C. Drift into schools and homes D. Unintentional killing of pets E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Examples of disease vectors are: A. Rats and mice B. mosquitoes C. Ticks D. Sand Flies E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Factors contributing to increases in the occurrence of emerging zoonoses include: A. Changes in agriculture B. Environmental Changes C. Mass food processing technology D. Urbanization E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Lead exposure can arise from: A. lead paint used in homes B. Certain types of pottery C. Lead dusts brought home for work D. Tap water from soldered pipes E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Methods for the control of mosquito-borne diseases include: A. Monitoring the presence of viruses in sentinel chickens and birds B. Removing standing water around the home C. Use of mosquito-eating fish D. Wearing long clothing E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Methods for transmission of zoonotic pathogens include: A. Contact w/ the skin B. Bite or scratch of an animal C. Direct Inhalation D. Ingestion of Contaminated Foods E. All of the Above

E. all of the above

Possible methods for exposure to metals include: A. Inhalation of dusts B. Inhalation of metal fumes C. Skin congested with dusts D. Ingestion E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Substances on the national priorities list have the following characteristics: A. they have known or suspected toxicity B. they have potential for human exposure C. They appear frequently in uncontrolled or abandoned waste sites D. They are scheduled for possible remediation under Superfund E. all of the above

E. all of the above

The health effects of exposure to dioxins include: A. Choloracne B. Skin rashes C. Liver damage D. Endocrine effects E. All of the above

E. all of the above

The portion of the optical spectrum that has been most closely associated with adverse human health effects is:

UVB

DDT has been found to...

accumulate in the tissues of many animals and persist in the environment

Each of the two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei and is radioactive is:

an isotope

A disadvantage of hazardous chemicals is NOT that they:

are essential to the functioning of modern society

Diffuse and spotted melanosis and skin cancers are associated with ingestion of:

arsenic

the infectious agent for a plague is a...

bacterium

One of the differences between Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever is that: lyme disease is caused by a _____ and RSMF is caused by a _______

bacterium, rickettsial agen

The endotoxin produced by genetically modified Bt corn is an example of what type of pesticide:

biopesticide

Itai-Itai disease was a form of poisoning associated with ingestion of:

cadmium

One of the concerns that surrounded the use of Agent Orange was that it:

contained very small amounts of dioxin

For fetuses, infants, and children, the hazards of heavy metals include: A. impairment of physical and mental development B. damage to internal organs C. brain damage d. some forms of cancer e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which of the following forms of radiation can pass through your body? A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles C. Gamma Rays D. X-Rays E. C& D

gamma rays & x-rays

In the western US, the natural reservoir for plague is...

ground squirrels

Agent Orange is an example of a...

herbicide

Methylation is a process that involves which of the following metals?

mercury

Minimata disease was associated with ingestion of seafoods tainted with:

mercury

The chemical agent associated with toxicity from the Bhopal disaster was:

methyl isocyanate

Organophosphate and cabamate insecticides both share the same mechanism of action in terms of toxicity. They both cause overstimulation of the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme (AChE) that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. _____ irreversibly bind to AChE while _____ reversibly bind AChE

organophosphates, carbamates

Polychlorinated biphenyls are:

persistent in the environment

the amount of exposure to radiation that a person receives is not affected by:

physical size or weight of the radioactive source

The causative agent for malaria is a type of...

protozoa