Environmental science ch. 9-10
neurotoxins
Chemicals that affect the nervous system
chemical mutagens
Chemicals that cause genetic mutations
teratogens
Chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses
endoctrine distributors
Chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system
allergens
Chemicals that over-activate the immune system
heat islands
Cities, several degrees warmer than surrounding areas, affect local weather and trap pollutants
urban growth boundary
Classification of land areas for different types of development and land use
zoning
Classification of land areas for different types of development and land use
Removing trees so that native prairie grasses can grow again is an example of
ecological restoration.
Zoning* can give homebuyers and business owners security because they know in advance what types of development can and cannot be located nearby.
true
Which statement about mass transit is true?
A single Portland bus can keep about 250 cars off the road each day.
Where are chemical hazards present outdoors?
A. air B. land C. water D. all of the above
Which of the following factors causes different people to respond differently to environmental hazards?
A. sex B. weight C. health issues D. all of the above*
land preservation
Dense urban centers leave room for agriculture, wilderness, biodiversity, and privacy.
The vast grasslands that once covered the middle of North America have mainly been replaced by parks and forest land.*
False
Which of the following is a technology that allows planners to create multiple-layered maps to view many land features and uses?
GIS
chemical hazards
Harmful artificial and natural chemicals in the environment
Land use: Human activities that occur on land
Human activities that occur on land
What is one of the goals of New York City's sustainability plan?
Improve mass transit.
pollution
Increased waste, industrial byproducts, noise pollution, light pollution
Which of the following statements is true about land cover?
Land cover changes as people settle into an area.
efficiency
Less fuel and resources needed to distribute goods and services to residents
social hazards
Lifestyle choices that endanger health
urbanization
Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities
physical hazards
Natural disasters and ongoing natural phenomena, such as UV radiation, that can cause health problems
new york sustainability plan
Plan underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve public transit, plant trees, clean up polluted sites, and improve open space access
Sprawl increases carbon dioxide emissions by
Sprawl increases carbon dioxide emissions by
Hurricanes
Storms that form over tropical oceans, with winds over 74 mi per hour
Bioaccumulation
The buildup of toxic substances in the bodies of organisms
Biomagnification
The increased concentration of toxic substances with each step in a food chain
The primary type of land cover in the United States today is
The primary type of land cover in the United States today is
risk assessment
The process of measuring risk
sprawl
The spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from a dense urban core
epidemiology
The study of disease in human populations - how and where they occur and how they can be
toxicology
The study of how poisonous substances affect an organism's health
What do asbestos, radon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and lead all have in common?
They are chemical hazards that can be found indoors.
Which statement about sustainable cities is true?
They can help improve the standard of living for residents.
Which of the following statements about greenways is true?
They protect water quality.
Land cover
Vegetation and structures that cover land.
biological hazards
Viruses, bacteria and other organisms that cause disease
Which of the following factors contributed to sprawl in the United States? A. more affordable automobiles B. improved roads C. less expensive land D. all of the above
all of the above*
Which form of transportation uses the most energy per passenger-mile?
automobile
Epidemiology deals primarily with what type of hazards?
biological
Viruses, bacteria, and other organisms in the environment that harm human health are classified as
biological hazards.
Each step up the food chain, concentrations of toxicants can be greatly multiplied in a process called
biomagnification.
Toxicology deals primarily with what types of hazards?
both chemical and physical
Which of the following is a principle of smart growth?
building up, not out
Carcinogens
cancer causing chemicals
Chemicals that cause cancer are called
carcinogens.
When stress built up in tectonic plates is suddenly released, the energy causes the planet to shake, a phenomenon called a(n)
earthquake
The H1N1 (swine) flu first appeared in Mexico in March of 2009. By June, it had spread to 70 different countries, infecting nearly 30,000 people. H1N1 is an example of a(n)
emerging disease.
A disease that has appeared in the human population for the first time or that has existed for a while, but is increasing rapidly or spreading around the world is called
emerging.
One of the results of green building design is reduced
energy bills.
Which of the following has caused an increase in the per capita land consumption?
expensive rural land
A GIS* is a line that city planners draw on a map in an effort to separate urban areas from those that will remain rural.
false
During a tornado, the safest place to be is outdoors
false
Each individual person living on less* land contributes to increasing sprawl
false
Eating a high-fat diet is considered a lifestyle choice that cannot be controlled.
false
Fewer* people are moving from farms to cities than are moving from cities to farms.
false
Humans usually have developed strong resistance to emerging diseases.
false
In the United States, most people live in rural* areas.
false
Individuals respond similarly to the same environmental hazards.
false
Smart growth encourages building out, not up.*
false
The flu virus, the bacterium that causes strep throat, and even pet dander that may cause allergies are all examples of social hazards.
false
Toxicology is the study of how disease affects organisms' health
false
When new diseases first emerge, humans usually have many medicines and vaccines to control them.
false
Which of the following effects is always associated with a tornado?
funnel of rotating air
GIS stands for
geographic information system.
Saving energy and other resources without sacrificing people's comfort is the goal of
green building design.
The nation's most used train systems are
heavy rail systems in the largest cities.
A substance's toxicity depends not just on what it is, but also
how much of it a person is exposed to.
Which of the following types of people generally has a greater sensitivity to environmental hazards than the other types of people?
infants
pathogens cause what diseases
infectious diseases
Transportation systems, communications systems, water services, power supplies, and schools are all examples of
infrastructure.
The vast grasslands that once covered the middle of North America have mainly been replaced by
rangeland and cropland.
The process of measuring the chance that an environmental hazard will cause harm is called
risk assessment.
The probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response, such as death or disease, is known as
risk.
Trees, grass, crops, wetlands, water, buildings, and pavement are all examples of
land cover.
Young children are frequently tested for what chemical hazard that was used in paints and pipes in many homes and buildings?
lead
What is one of the primary factors that draws people from rural areas to urban areas?
more jobs
A jackhammer on a city street is an example of what type of pollution?
noise
A vector is a(n)
organism that carries pathogens.
Infectious diseases are diseases caused by an organism such as a virus or a bacterium, which is called a
pathogen
Which of the following is an example of a social hazard that cannot easily be controlled?
pollution from a factory near your school
Land that is sparsely populated and has few buildings or roads is defined as a(n)
rural area.
Which of the following is an example of a social hazard that can generally be controlled?
smoking cigarettes
Environmental hazards that result from where we live, our jobs, or our lifestyle choices are called
social hazards.
Chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses are called
teratogens.
Per capita land consumption means
the amount of and each person uses.
Any substance that poses a chemical hazard is considered a(n)
toxicant.
A person can die from drinking too much water, too quickly.
true
Because people are packed densely together in cities, more* land outside cities is left undeveloped.
true
If you are stuck outdoors during a thunderstorm, to keep safe, you should stay away from tall objects like trees.
true
More than 24,000 kilometers (15,000 miles) of 1500 highways* have been converted to trails for walking, jogging, and biking.
true
Some chemical hazards disrupt the endocrine system, the body system that sends and receives chemical signals, called hormones.
true
Sprawling development has led to increased* obesity and high blood pressure.
true
Development in which businesses are arranged in a long row along a roadway, with no main community, is called
uncentered commercial strip development.
Which type of area would Miami, Florida, be considered?
urban
.In which of the following categories of land cover would you most likely expect to find the highest human population?
urban areas
Cities and suburbs are examples of
urban areas
The shift of a population from the countryside to cities is called
urbanization.
Mudflows and ash clouds are some of the many dangers of
volcanic eruptions.