Environmental science ch. 9-10

neurotoxins

Chemicals that affect the nervous system

chemical mutagens

Chemicals that cause genetic mutations

teratogens

Chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses

endoctrine distributors

Chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system

allergens

Chemicals that over-activate the immune system

heat islands

Cities, several degrees warmer than surrounding areas, affect local weather and trap pollutants

urban growth boundary

Classification of land areas for different types of development and land use

zoning

Classification of land areas for different types of development and land use

Removing trees so that native prairie grasses can grow again is an example of

ecological restoration.

Zoning* can give homebuyers and business owners security because they know in advance what types of development can and cannot be located nearby.

true

Which statement about mass transit is true?

A single Portland bus can keep about 250 cars off the road each day.

Where are chemical hazards present outdoors?

A. air B. land C. water D. all of the above

Which of the following factors causes different people to respond differently to environmental hazards?

A. sex B. weight C. health issues D. all of the above*

land preservation

Dense urban centers leave room for agriculture, wilderness, biodiversity, and privacy.

The vast grasslands that once covered the middle of North America have mainly been replaced by parks and forest land.*

False

Which of the following is a technology that allows planners to create multiple-layered maps to view many land features and uses?

GIS

chemical hazards

Harmful artificial and natural chemicals in the environment

Land use: Human activities that occur on land

Human activities that occur on land

What is one of the goals of New York City's sustainability plan?

Improve mass transit.

pollution

Increased waste, industrial byproducts, noise pollution, light pollution

Which of the following statements is true about land cover?

Land cover changes as people settle into an area.

efficiency

Less fuel and resources needed to distribute goods and services to residents

social hazards

Lifestyle choices that endanger health

urbanization

Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities

physical hazards

Natural disasters and ongoing natural phenomena, such as UV radiation, that can cause health problems

new york sustainability plan

Plan underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve public transit, plant trees, clean up polluted sites, and improve open space access

Sprawl increases carbon dioxide emissions by

Sprawl increases carbon dioxide emissions by

Hurricanes

Storms that form over tropical oceans, with winds over 74 mi per hour

Bioaccumulation

The buildup of toxic substances in the bodies of organisms

Biomagnification

The increased concentration of toxic substances with each step in a food chain

The primary type of land cover in the United States today is

The primary type of land cover in the United States today is

risk assessment

The process of measuring risk

sprawl

The spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from a dense urban core

epidemiology

The study of disease in human populations - how and where they occur and how they can be

toxicology

The study of how poisonous substances affect an organism's health

What do asbestos, radon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and lead all have in common?

They are chemical hazards that can be found indoors.

Which statement about sustainable cities is true?

They can help improve the standard of living for residents.

Which of the following statements about greenways is true?

They protect water quality.

Land cover

Vegetation and structures that cover land.

biological hazards

Viruses, bacteria and other organisms that cause disease

Which of the following factors contributed to sprawl in the United States? A. more affordable automobiles B. improved roads C. less expensive land D. all of the above

all of the above*

Which form of transportation uses the most energy per passenger-mile?

automobile

Epidemiology deals primarily with what type of hazards?

biological

Viruses, bacteria, and other organisms in the environment that harm human health are classified as

biological hazards.

Each step up the food chain, concentrations of toxicants can be greatly multiplied in a process called

biomagnification.

Toxicology deals primarily with what types of hazards?

both chemical and physical

Which of the following is a principle of smart growth?

building up, not out

Carcinogens

cancer causing chemicals

Chemicals that cause cancer are called

carcinogens.

When stress built up in tectonic plates is suddenly released, the energy causes the planet to shake, a phenomenon called a(n)

earthquake

The H1N1 (swine) flu first appeared in Mexico in March of 2009. By June, it had spread to 70 different countries, infecting nearly 30,000 people. H1N1 is an example of a(n)

emerging disease.

A disease that has appeared in the human population for the first time or that has existed for a while, but is increasing rapidly or spreading around the world is called

emerging.

One of the results of green building design is reduced

energy bills.

Which of the following has caused an increase in the per capita land consumption?

expensive rural land

A GIS* is a line that city planners draw on a map in an effort to separate urban areas from those that will remain rural.

false

During a tornado, the safest place to be is outdoors

false

Each individual person living on less* land contributes to increasing sprawl

false

Eating a high-fat diet is considered a lifestyle choice that cannot be controlled.

false

Fewer* people are moving from farms to cities than are moving from cities to farms.

false

Humans usually have developed strong resistance to emerging diseases.

false

In the United States, most people live in rural* areas.

false

Individuals respond similarly to the same environmental hazards.

false

Smart growth encourages building out, not up.*

false

The flu virus, the bacterium that causes strep throat, and even pet dander that may cause allergies are all examples of social hazards.

false

Toxicology is the study of how disease affects organisms' health

false

When new diseases first emerge, humans usually have many medicines and vaccines to control them.

false

Which of the following effects is always associated with a tornado?

funnel of rotating air

GIS stands for

geographic information system.

Saving energy and other resources without sacrificing people's comfort is the goal of

green building design.

The nation's most used train systems are

heavy rail systems in the largest cities.

A substance's toxicity depends not just on what it is, but also

how much of it a person is exposed to.

Which of the following types of people generally has a greater sensitivity to environmental hazards than the other types of people?

infants

pathogens cause what diseases

infectious diseases

Transportation systems, communications systems, water services, power supplies, and schools are all examples of

infrastructure.

The vast grasslands that once covered the middle of North America have mainly been replaced by

rangeland and cropland.

The process of measuring the chance that an environmental hazard will cause harm is called

risk assessment.

The probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response, such as death or disease, is known as

risk.

Trees, grass, crops, wetlands, water, buildings, and pavement are all examples of

land cover.

Young children are frequently tested for what chemical hazard that was used in paints and pipes in many homes and buildings?

lead

What is one of the primary factors that draws people from rural areas to urban areas?

more jobs

A jackhammer on a city street is an example of what type of pollution?

noise

A vector is a(n)

organism that carries pathogens.

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by an organism such as a virus or a bacterium, which is called a

pathogen

Which of the following is an example of a social hazard that cannot easily be controlled?

pollution from a factory near your school

Land that is sparsely populated and has few buildings or roads is defined as a(n)

rural area.

Which of the following is an example of a social hazard that can generally be controlled?

smoking cigarettes

Environmental hazards that result from where we live, our jobs, or our lifestyle choices are called

social hazards.

Chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses are called

teratogens.

Per capita land consumption means

the amount of and each person uses.

Any substance that poses a chemical hazard is considered a(n)

toxicant.

A person can die from drinking too much water, too quickly.

true

Because people are packed densely together in cities, more* land outside cities is left undeveloped.

true

If you are stuck outdoors during a thunderstorm, to keep safe, you should stay away from tall objects like trees.

true

More than 24,000 kilometers (15,000 miles) of 1500 highways* have been converted to trails for walking, jogging, and biking.

true

Some chemical hazards disrupt the endocrine system, the body system that sends and receives chemical signals, called hormones.

true

Sprawling development has led to increased* obesity and high blood pressure.

true

Development in which businesses are arranged in a long row along a roadway, with no main community, is called

uncentered commercial strip development.

Which type of area would Miami, Florida, be considered?

urban

.In which of the following categories of land cover would you most likely expect to find the highest human population?

urban areas

Cities and suburbs are examples of

urban areas

The shift of a population from the countryside to cities is called

urbanization.

Mudflows and ash clouds are some of the many dangers of

volcanic eruptions.