Envs 150 foret test 2
The light reaction converts light energy into ____________ which provide chemical energy
ATP and NADPH
Which of the following is used to help initiate rooting in a woody plant cutting?
All assist with root formation
Which of the following is NOT a reason to use asexual propagation?
Allows production of cuttings each with unique characteristics
__________________is a chemical pinching agent that overcomes apical dominance.
Atrinal
The light compensation point is reached when:
CO2 release is the same as CO2 uptake
_______ is the final product produced in photosynthesis.
Carbohydrate
Which of the following is a layer of waterproof tissue which prevents the movement of water to and from the vascular cylinder?
Casparian strip
Which is not a kind of trap found in carnivorous plants?
Collapse traps
Which of the following steps is generally NOT followed when making cuttings?
Foliage may be used to help prop up the cutting in the media
Which of the following is TRUE about grafting?
Grafting vegetables is becoming popular
Which of the following IS ALWAYS TRUE when making a cutting from an actively growing plant?
Plant cutting are best when turgid
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of rooting media?
Supplies carbon dioxide to the roots
_______ are individual, sack-like membranes that comprise the grana inside chloroplast and contain the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis.
Thylakoids
If a horticulturist puts soil around a node to stimulate root formation, this would be called _________ layering.
air
Carbon:
all are correct -a. is released through burning of fossil fuels b. all are correct c. eventually passes through soils d. cycles continuously between different reservoirs e. is stored in rivers, lakes, and oceans
Photosystems:
all are correct -are found on the thylakoid membranes -have a reaction center -have an antennae complex -are clusters of light absorbing pigments
Which of the following is NOT a function of a stem?
all are functions of a stem
Two advantages of asexual or vegetative propagation are: _____________________________ ______________________________________.
all offspring are true-to-type and the time to flowering is reduced
The __________________ leaf arrangement has one leaf attached per node staggered along the stem.
alternate
The ______________ reaction is the process of building complex molecules, this process often requires energy input and thus is ________________________
anabolic, endergonic
The distance between two terminal buds scars is considered to be a measure of
annual growth
Wide crotch angles are better than narrow crotch angles because of
bark inclusion
Chlorophyll a mainly absorbs ___________ ___________ light.
blue and red
The increase in length of a root is the result of which of the following?
both a and b -cell division -cell elongation
Respiration converts __________________ into carbon dioxide and water and releases energy
carbohydrates and oxygen
The input for the Calvin cycle is ________________________.
carbondioxide
Respiration is a _______________________________process
catabolic and exergonic
When the stem of a plant is flat and capable of functioning like a leaf, it is called?
cladophyl
Plants that are ________________________ can sometimes be successfully grafted.
closely genetically related
Carnivorous plants exhibit leaf modifications allowing them to obtain part of their nutrition from insects. Which of the following is NOT a method of trapping food used by this type of plant?
collapsing
A symbiotic relationship when one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is referred to as:
commensalism
Plants drop their leaves in the fall in response to
cooling temperatures
The glycolysis reaction of respiration occurs in the ___________________
cytosol
The glycolysis reaction of respiration occurs in the ___________________.
cytosol
Corn plants use C4 photosynthesis and open their stomata during the _________ so that ______________ can be fixed into 4C acids.
day, carbon dioxide
What is NOT an objective or advantage of pruning
decrease productivity
Plants that use the C4 photosynthetic pathway open their stomata _________.
during the day
Oxidative phosphorylation:
e. all are correct - produces 30-32 ATP - occurs in the mitochondria -requires oxygen - requires NADH and FADH2
In the root, the Casparian strip occurs in the cell walls of the ____________ cells?
endodermis
The outer layer of a root is called the ________________.
epidermis
The root hairs are extensions of the ___________________ cells.
epidermis
Which type of root system generally maximizes water utilization from resources closer to the soil surface?
fibrous
The function of stomata is:
gas exchange and regulating transpiration
Which of the following is the function of lenticels?
gasseous exchange
_________________ is the input for the glycolysis system in respiration
glucose
_________________ is the input for the glycolysis system in respiration.
glucose
Stomata are openings in the epidermis surrounded by two _________ cells.
guard
To make the canopy of a tree more dense, ________________ should be used.
heading back
____________________ is the flattened, green, expanded portion of a leaf.
lamina
A __________________ is a rough area on some stems that serves as a "breathing pore" for gas exchange.
lenticel
Chemical energy is transferred through redox reactions where the oxidized chemical __________ electron(s), and the __________________chemical ______________ electron(s).
loses, reduced, gains
Monocot leaves are similar to eudicot leaves in cross section, except that the photosynthetic tissue consists of ___________________.
mesophyll
When the vascular cylinder of the root contains pith, the plant is considered a?
monocot
If one piles soil around the base of a shrub to induce roots to form at the base of the limbs, this would be called _________ layering.
mound
A symbiotic relationship when both organism benefits and neither are harmed or affected is referred to as:
mutualism
Cacti use CAM photosynthesis and open their stomata during the _________ so that ______________ can be fixed into 4C acids.
night, carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT a common response to cold temperatures?
no correct answer
Which of the following contains the greatest amount of stored carbon on earth?
oceans
Alcoholic fermentation occurs only when ______________________.
oxygen is absent
The leaf complexity in which leaflets attach to a central petiole like your fingers attach to your palm is called?
palmately compound
Monocot leaves have which of the following venation patterns?
parallel
Monocot leaves are characterized by
parallel venation
Oak leaves have ________________ venation, which is a feather-like net venation with lateral veins extending from a central mid-rib.
pinnate
Fermentation:
produces ethanol or lactate and ATP from glucose
The net result of photosynthesis is that _______ energy is converted to _______ energy.
radiant, chemical
The color of an object is determined by the wavelength of light that is ____________.
reflected
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
requires more water
Which type of tissue is referred to as loosely organized allowing for air exchange within the leaf?
spongy mesophyll
_______________is the part of a dicot leaf that is specialized for gas exchange within the leaf.
spongy mesophyll
The bottom part of a graft is called the ___________.
stock
The Calvin cycle occurs in the _______ of the chloroplast and uses ATP to generate _______ .
stroma, glucose
During photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of _______ and _______, produce simple sugar and oxygen.
sunlight and chlorophyll
The light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis occurs only when ____________.
the light reaction occurs
Photosynthesis occurs in
the palisade mesophyll
To make the canopy of a shrub less dense, ________________ should be used.
thinning out
The concept that every cell in a plant has the potential to reproduce the entire plant.
totipotency
The ____________ is a lateral meristem in stems that results in growth in diameter
vascular cambium
__________________is the lateral meristem in stems that produces xylem and phloem.
vascular cambium
Procambium is a primary meristemic tissue that will become
vascular tissue
Phyllotaxy in which three or more leaves are attached in a circular pattern around each node is referred to as
whorled