Envs 150 foret test 2

The light reaction converts light energy into ____________ which provide chemical energy

ATP and NADPH

Which of the following is used to help initiate rooting in a woody plant cutting?

All assist with root formation

Which of the following is NOT a reason to use asexual propagation?

Allows production of cuttings each with unique characteristics

__________________is a chemical pinching agent that overcomes apical dominance.

Atrinal

The light compensation point is reached when:

CO2 release is the same as CO2 uptake

_______ is the final product produced in photosynthesis.

Carbohydrate

Which of the following is a layer of waterproof tissue which prevents the movement of water to and from the vascular cylinder?

Casparian strip

Which is not a kind of trap found in carnivorous plants?

Collapse traps

Which of the following steps is generally NOT followed when making cuttings?

Foliage may be used to help prop up the cutting in the media

Which of the following is TRUE about grafting?

Grafting vegetables is becoming popular

Which of the following IS ALWAYS TRUE when making a cutting from an actively growing plant?

Plant cutting are best when turgid

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of rooting media?

Supplies carbon dioxide to the roots

_______ are individual, sack-like membranes that comprise the grana inside chloroplast and contain the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis.

Thylakoids

If a horticulturist puts soil around a node to stimulate root formation, this would be called _________ layering.

air

Carbon:

all are correct -a. is released through burning of fossil fuels b. all are correct c. eventually passes through soils d. cycles continuously between different reservoirs e. is stored in rivers, lakes, and oceans

Photosystems:

all are correct -are found on the thylakoid membranes -have a reaction center -have an antennae complex -are clusters of light absorbing pigments

Which of the following is NOT a function of a stem?

all are functions of a stem

Two advantages of asexual or vegetative propagation are: _____________________________ ______________________________________.

all offspring are true-to-type and the time to flowering is reduced

The __________________ leaf arrangement has one leaf attached per node staggered along the stem.

alternate

The ______________ reaction is the process of building complex molecules, this process often requires energy input and thus is ________________________

anabolic, endergonic

The distance between two terminal buds scars is considered to be a measure of

annual growth

Wide crotch angles are better than narrow crotch angles because of

bark inclusion

Chlorophyll a mainly absorbs ___________ ___________ light.

blue and red

The increase in length of a root is the result of which of the following?

both a and b -cell division -cell elongation

Respiration converts __________________ into carbon dioxide and water and releases energy

carbohydrates and oxygen

The input for the Calvin cycle is ________________________.

carbondioxide

Respiration is a _______________________________process

catabolic and exergonic

When the stem of a plant is flat and capable of functioning like a leaf, it is called?

cladophyl

Plants that are ________________________ can sometimes be successfully grafted.

closely genetically related

Carnivorous plants exhibit leaf modifications allowing them to obtain part of their nutrition from insects. Which of the following is NOT a method of trapping food used by this type of plant?

collapsing

A symbiotic relationship when one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is referred to as:

commensalism

Plants drop their leaves in the fall in response to

cooling temperatures

The glycolysis reaction of respiration occurs in the ___________________

cytosol

The glycolysis reaction of respiration occurs in the ___________________.

cytosol

Corn plants use C4 photosynthesis and open their stomata during the _________ so that ______________ can be fixed into 4C acids.

day, carbon dioxide

What is NOT an objective or advantage of pruning

decrease productivity

Plants that use the C4 photosynthetic pathway open their stomata _________.

during the day

Oxidative phosphorylation:

e. all are correct - produces 30-32 ATP - occurs in the mitochondria -requires oxygen - requires NADH and FADH2

In the root, the Casparian strip occurs in the cell walls of the ____________ cells?

endodermis

The outer layer of a root is called the ________________.

epidermis

The root hairs are extensions of the ___________________ cells.

epidermis

Which type of root system generally maximizes water utilization from resources closer to the soil surface?

fibrous

The function of stomata is:

gas exchange and regulating transpiration

Which of the following is the function of lenticels?

gasseous exchange

_________________ is the input for the glycolysis system in respiration

glucose

_________________ is the input for the glycolysis system in respiration.

glucose

Stomata are openings in the epidermis surrounded by two _________ cells.

guard

To make the canopy of a tree more dense, ________________ should be used.

heading back

____________________ is the flattened, green, expanded portion of a leaf.

lamina

A __________________ is a rough area on some stems that serves as a "breathing pore" for gas exchange.

lenticel

Chemical energy is transferred through redox reactions where the oxidized chemical __________ electron(s), and the __________________chemical ______________ electron(s).

loses, reduced, gains

Monocot leaves are similar to eudicot leaves in cross section, except that the photosynthetic tissue consists of ___________________.

mesophyll

When the vascular cylinder of the root contains pith, the plant is considered a?

monocot

If one piles soil around the base of a shrub to induce roots to form at the base of the limbs, this would be called _________ layering.

mound

A symbiotic relationship when both organism benefits and neither are harmed or affected is referred to as:

mutualism

Cacti use CAM photosynthesis and open their stomata during the _________ so that ______________ can be fixed into 4C acids.

night, carbon dioxide

Which of the following is NOT a common response to cold temperatures?

no correct answer

Which of the following contains the greatest amount of stored carbon on earth?

oceans

Alcoholic fermentation occurs only when ______________________.

oxygen is absent

The leaf complexity in which leaflets attach to a central petiole like your fingers attach to your palm is called?

palmately compound

Monocot leaves have which of the following venation patterns?

parallel

Monocot leaves are characterized by

parallel venation

Oak leaves have ________________ venation, which is a feather-like net venation with lateral veins extending from a central mid-rib.

pinnate

Fermentation:

produces ethanol or lactate and ATP from glucose

The net result of photosynthesis is that _______ energy is converted to _______ energy.

radiant, chemical

The color of an object is determined by the wavelength of light that is ____________.

reflected

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

requires more water

Which type of tissue is referred to as loosely organized allowing for air exchange within the leaf?

spongy mesophyll

_______________is the part of a dicot leaf that is specialized for gas exchange within the leaf.

spongy mesophyll

The bottom part of a graft is called the ___________.

stock

The Calvin cycle occurs in the _______ of the chloroplast and uses ATP to generate _______ .

stroma, glucose

During photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of _______ and _______, produce simple sugar and oxygen.

sunlight and chlorophyll

The light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis occurs only when ____________.

the light reaction occurs

Photosynthesis occurs in

the palisade mesophyll

To make the canopy of a shrub less dense, ________________ should be used.

thinning out

The concept that every cell in a plant has the potential to reproduce the entire plant.

totipotency

The ____________ is a lateral meristem in stems that results in growth in diameter

vascular cambium

__________________is the lateral meristem in stems that produces xylem and phloem.

vascular cambium

Procambium is a primary meristemic tissue that will become

vascular tissue

Phyllotaxy in which three or more leaves are attached in a circular pattern around each node is referred to as

whorled