ENVS Final
chapter 12 Approximately what percentage of the world's croplands are used to feed domestic animals?
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chapter 12 Which one of the following countries is the only country in the world with extensive government-supported urban agriculture?
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chapter 12 Which one of the following sources of calories in the human diet requires the greatest amount of land per calorie to produce?
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chapter 12 Who said, "Responsible biotechnology is not the enemy: starvation is"
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chapter 14 Most electric power plants built in the United States since 2000 use which one of the following sources of energy?
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chapter 14 The United States has extensive deposits of ________________ in Colorado, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming that, if exploited, could yield the equivalent of an estimated 800 billion barrels of oil.
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chapter 14 Which one of the following countries accounts for the most oil imported by the United States?
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chapter 15 In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator?
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chapter 15 The site recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for long-term disposal of radioactive waste from the nuclear power industry in the United States is
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chapter 15 Which of the following countries generates the greatest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power plants?
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chapter 15 Which one of the following is not one of the purposes of pumping water through the core of a nuclear reactor fueled with uranium-235?
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chapter 16 Geothermal heat pumps
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chapter 17 Sharing of needles by drug addicts is especially associated with which one of the following drugs?
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chapter 17 The opioid analgesic that has been primarily responsible for the recent surge in deaths related to drug overdoses in the United States is _______.
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chapter 17 Which one of the dose-effect curves shown below correctly describes what public health authorities assume to be the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and the risk of cancer?
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chapter 17 Which one of the following is not an example of the consequences of chronic exposure?
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chapter 17 Which one of the following is the greatest lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States?
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chapter 18 According to Milankovitch theory, the coolest summers in the northern hemisphere should occur when the tilt angle of Earth's axis of rotation is a _______________ and the ellipticity of Earth's orbit around the Sun is a _______________.
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chapter 18 During the Quaternary Ice Age, the period of the glacial-interglacial cycles has been about ____________ years.
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chapter 18 Which one of the following gases accounts for the greatest percentage of the greenhouse effect globally?
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chapter 19 Ozone concentrations accumulate in air if volatile organic carbon compounds react with which one of the following?
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chapter 19 Reduced tree growth in the United States caused by acid precipitation during the 1980s was associated with
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chapter 19 The catalytic converter on automobiles is not intended to do which one of the following?
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chapter 19 Which one of the following gases is believed to have no ozone-depleting potential?
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chapter 20 If the BOD of raw sewage is 200 ppm, by how much would that water have to be diluted to prevent the oxygen in a stream from dropping from 10 ppm to less than 6 ppm?
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chapter 20 In the United States, raw wastewater is about ___________ pure water.
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chapter 20 The eutrophication of Lake Washington was mitigated by which one of the following methods?
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chapter 20 Which one of the following rivers that discharge into Lake Erie has repeatedly caught fire in the past because of the large amounts of industrial organic pollutants that were discharged into it?
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chapter 21 A plastic container with a code of 2 (high-density polyethylene) may be combined for recycling purposes with which one the following?
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chapter 21 In EPA's waste management hierarchy, which one of the following is given the highest priority?
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chapter 21 The principal gases in the biogas produced in a landfill are
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chapter 22 In the United States, the principal source of mercury emissions to the environment is
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chapter 22 Suppose that a potentially toxic substance was added to the feed of experimental mice. Which one of the following scenarios would be associated with the largest dose of the toxic substance?
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chapter 22 Which one of the following is not in part responsible for the high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife and humans living in the Arctic?
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chapter 22 Your neighbor, who owns a vacant lot, is allowing people to dispose of items such as old refrigerators, broken-down cars, and discarded batteries in his lot. Your neighbor has no license to operate a solid waste disposal facility. He could be prosecuted under which one of the following pieces of federal legislation?
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chapter 6 : Hardening of urban streams in the name of flood control is an example of which one of the letters of the acronym HIPPO?
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chapter 7 : Deterioration of which of the following ecosystems has been attributed in part to extensive changes of the inputs of water to or withdrawals of water from the system?
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chapter 8 : In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 80. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 32-43 years inclusive?
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chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is not true?
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chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is true?
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chapter 9 : The United States and China have virtually identical fertility rates (1.7) and median ages (38.35). How, then, would you account for the fact that the population of China is projected to decrease between now and the end of this century, whereas the population of the United States is projected to increase?
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chapter 9 : Which one of the following accounted for the greatest amount of U.S economic contributions to developing countries in 2010-2011?
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chapter 9 : Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world?
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chapter 5 : The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 45%. The concentration of X on trophic level 3 is 18 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 1?
2
chapter 2 : Which one of the following accounts for the smallest percentage of the US federal budget?
Compliance with environmental regulations
chapter 1 : Which one of the following statements is not one of the four basic assumptions of the scientific method?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
chapter 6 : In the United States today, the principal use of mercury is
dental fillings
Which one of the following is not involved in maintaining population equilibrium?
drought
chapter 3: Ecologist Eckhard wants to stop the algal blooms in City Park Lake by reducing the inputs of essential nutrients to the lake from stormwater runoff. Which one of the following strategies would have the least effect on the algal blooms?
emove all the carbon dioxide from the stormwater runoff
chapter 7 : Which of the following kinds of property rights is associated with the Tragedy of the Commons?
open access
chapter 5 : Terrestrial biomes are groups of ecosystems characterized by similar types of
plants and climate
Amensalism is an example of
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Chapter 11: Topsoil accumulates at the rate of _______________.
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Chapter 11: Which one of the following kinds of soil would you expect to find in a wetland?
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During which period of time was the first sewage treatment plant built in the United States?
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Emissions of which one of the following gases as a result of fossil fuel burning leads to the production of ozone in the troposphere?
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Further increases of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are expected to warm temperatures more at high latitudes than at low latitudes because
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Golden eagle populations in England recovered after use of _______was terminated in sheep dips.
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How was the city of Curitiba able to minimize the cost of keeping the grass trimmed in its greatly expanded system of municipal parks?
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If Earth rotated in the opposite direction, the Trade Winds in the northern hemisphere would blow from the
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If the relationship between species A and B is mutualistic, __________ .
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In which two of the following countries are the greatest numbers of people living on less than $10 per day?
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Over the next 30 years, roughly what percentage of the world's net population growth is expected to occur in urban areas?
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The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)?
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The fastest-growing forms of renewable energy for electricity production in the world are
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The glacial-interglacial cycles that have taken place during the current ice age are believed to be caused by oscillations in the characteristics of Earth's rotation about its rotational axis and in its orbit around the Sun. These cyclic oscillations are called
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The nutrients that support plant growth in natural terrestrial ecosystems are supplied mainly by
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The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called
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The single largest component of municipal solid waste in the United States is
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What percentage of municipal solid waste in the United States is recycled?
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Which one of the following accounts for the most freshwater on Earth?
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Which one of the following air pollutants is not a primary pollutant?
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Which one of the following countries has the lowest median age?
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Which one of the following gases is primarily responsible for the fact that the temperature of the stratosphere increases with increasing altitude?
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Which one of the following is an example of gentrification?
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Which one of the following is not an example of cultural control of a pest?
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Which one of the following mechanisms is expected to cause temperatures during the 21st century to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere?
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Which one of the following scenarios would be characterized as a brownfield?
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Which one of the following statements is true about a Hadley cell?
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Why did the idea of using bus tokens to pay people from favelas for bringing in trash to a central location cost the city of Curitiba nothing?
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chapter 10 Global warming during the 21st century is expected to
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chapter 10 Which of the following reasons explains why most farmers in the United States do not irrigate their crops via drip irrigation?
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chapter 10 Which one of the following contains the most liquid freshwater?
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chapter 10 Which one of the following statements is not true?
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chapter 4 : A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now?
400
chapter 1 : The figure below shows concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere from the late 1950s to the present time. In addition to the long term trend of increasing CO2 concentrations, the concentrations also oscillate up and down by several parts per million on an annual basis. At what time of the year would you expect the concentrations to be highest?
At the end of winter
chapter 3 : Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics?
I and III
Which one of the following is an example of primary succession?
Lichens appear on basalt rock 50 years after a volcanic eruption on the Big Island of Hawaii
chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of resource partitioning?
Male songbirds sing to defend their territory during the nesting season
chapter 4 : Which one of the following statements is true?
R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time
chapter 1 : Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future?
Security
chapter 7 : Which one of the following species of whales is currently being taken in small numbers each year by Alaskan Eskimos?
bowhead
Biologically available nitrogen can be added to aquatic systems
by nitrogen fixation and lost by either anammox or denitrification
chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of a parasite?
cattle egret
chapter 1 : Rosy periwinkles produce two compounds that have been used to treat
childhood leukemia
chapter 6 : The outbreak of Southern Corn Leaf Blight in 1970 in the United States was dealt with by importing corn from _____________ that was resistant to the fungus that causes the disease.
china
At a depth of 200 meters in the Gulf of Mexico, which one of the following factors is most limiting to the photosynthetic production of organic matter?
light
chapter 2 : Temperatures are projected to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere by the end of this century because ________________ .
melting the ice on the Arctic Ocean will decrease the albedo of the Arctic Ocea
chapter 6 : The three crops that account for about 50% of global food demands are
rice, wheat, and corn
The roots of plants accelerate the weathering (chemical breakdown) of rocks by releasing _________ .
weak acids