Epidemiology Quizzes Exam 3

A study design in which there is a switch in the study treatment is referred to as: A. A crossover B. Randomized control trial C. Prophylactic trial D. Therapeutic trial

A. A crossover

Odds ratios are measures of association for _________ studies. A. Case-control B. Cross-sectional C. Cohort D. Experimental

A. Case-control

Observational studies include all EXCEPT: A. Experimental B. Case-control C. Cross-sectional D. Ecological

A. Experimental

_________ is a term used to describe the timing of cause and effect. A. Temporality B. Retrospective C. Rate ratio D. Confounding

A. Temporality

A study design where you begin with a known exposure but do not know the outcome is referred to as a(n): A. Ecologic study B. Cohort study C. Case-control study D. Cross-sectional study

B. Cohort study

_________ is also known as a prevalence study. A. Cohort B. Cross-sectional C. Case-control D. Experimental

B. Cross-sectional

_________ is a study design element where neither the subject or experimenter are aware of the group assignment. A. Clinical end point B. Double-blind design C. Single-blind design D. Crossover design

B. Double-blind design

A study with subjects that share a common exposure is called: A. Retrospective cohort B. Exposure-based cohort C. Population-based cohort D. Longitudinal cohort

B. Exposure-based cohort

Clinical trials have _____ phases. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six

B. Four

Relative risk is a measure of association for ________ studies. :A. Case-control B. Cross-sectional C. Cohort D. Experimental

C. Cohort

Which is not considered a strength of clinical trials? A. Control over the timing of exposure B. Control over the frequency of exposure C. Control over the way the body responds D. Control over the amount of exposure

C. Control over the way the body responds

A study design where cases and controls come from a cohort study is referred to as: A. Ambispective B. Historical prospective C. Nested case-control D. Historical cohort

C. Nested case-control

A(n) ____________ is one that evaluates the effectiveness of prevention. A. Crossover trial B. Intervention trial C. Prophylactic trial D. Therapeutic trial

C. Prophylactic trial

"In case-control studies, the exposure is measured:" A. At multiple points in time B. Prospectively C. Retrospectively D. None of the above

C. Retrospectively

"All are practical considerations regarding cohorts, EXCEPT:" A. Size and cost B. Data collection C. Availability of exposure data D. All are considerations

D. All are considerations

Which is considered a limitation of clinical trials? A. Enforcement of protocol B. Artificial setting C. Limited scope of impact D. All of the above

D. All of the above

All are considered variations of a cohort study design EXCEPT: A. Retrospective B. Ambispective C. Prospective D. All of the above are variations

D. All of the above are variations

Study designs that allow for the drawing of inferences are: A. Quasi-experimental B. Experimental C. Descriptive D. Analytic

D. Analytic

__________ describes incorrect inferences made about the individual from group level data. A. Ecologic analysis B. Ambispective C. Retrospective D. Ecologic fallacy

D. Ecologic fallacy

________ evaluations tell us if we've accomplished our ultimate goal. A. Process B. Impact C. Formative D. Outcome

D. Outcome

"After a clinical trial, there is no requirement or need to monitoring the product into the future." True False

False

"In ecologic studies, the unit of measurement and analysis is the individual." True False

False

Cohort studies are often inexpensive to conduct. True False

False

Cross-sectional studies provide incidence data. True False

False

Randomization is a practice that will ensure that groups are significantly different. True False

False

The Framingham study is an example of an ecologic study. True False

False

Controlling the exposure or study factor is referred to as: A. Randomization B. Manipulation C. Correlation D. None of the above

Manipulation

"In a case-control study, the selection of cases and control should be virtually the same (expect the exposure)." True False

True

Active follow-up in a cohort study can include phone calls and mailed surveys. True or False

True

An ethical aspect of human studies include the fact that subjects should always be fully informed. True False

True