era 3
Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the processes illustrated in the images?
A decline in Asian countries' share of world manufacturing as Asian goods lost ground to European imports
Nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes, society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, raise cattle in the evening, and criticize after dinner. Karl Marx, German philosopher, describing his view of life in a communist society, 1846 Marx's statement in the passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following responses the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century?
A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society
Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?
Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primanly explained in the context of which of the following global developments?
C or D
historian researching international migration patterns of the nineteenth century would find which of the following sources most useful?
Census records from New York and Buenos Aires detailing the birthplaces of individuals
Vhich of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
"Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity . . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?-simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains; hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold." Which of the following groups was Bolívar most trying to influence with this letter?
Creole elites
Which of the following was the key factor in the start of Latin American independence?
Creole grievances about their lack of political authority
The British ownership of most of Argentina's main railway lines can best be described as an example of which of the following late-nineteenth-century developments?
Economic imperialism
Based on Bayly's argument, Indian liberal ideas were most clearly influenced by which of the following?
Enlightenment concepts of natural rights
Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?
Europe's development of new military technologies
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments?
European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
"Extraterritoriality can best be described as which of the following?
Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live
The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Govemment-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms
Members of which of the following groups led opposition to tnaustrialtzation in both ging china and the Ottoman Empir
Government officials
The image best illustrates which factor that contributed to Great Britain's increasing prominence as a global power in the nineteenth century?
Great Britain's location on the Atlantic Ocean and its many waterways enabled it to import and export goods.
Which of the following factors contributed most to the increase of world population in the period 1750 to 1900 C.E.?
Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution
The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following?
Influence of scientific theories on face
Industrialization in Russia during the nineteenth century most closely resembled industrialization in which of the following regions?
Japan during the Meiji Restoration
in Russia during the nineteenin century most closelv resembled industnalization in which of the followino regions
Japan during the Men Restoration
Which of the following developments in the late 1800s and early 1900s most directly challenges the author's argument regarding the role of Japan in Asia?
Japanese imperial expansion into Asian territories such as Taiwan and Korea
the mid-twentieth century, the presence of Chinese and Japanese populations in North America and of South Asian populations in the Caribbean and South Africa is best explained by which of the following?
Labor migrations during the nineteenth century
In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world?
Liberalism
Which of the following best describes how nineteenth -century European industrialization affected European women's lives?
Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities.
Which of the following is a significant result of the late eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century revolutions in both Europe and the Americas?
Nation-states emerged as the principal form of political organization in both Europe and the Americas.
Which of the following best describes an important difference between Karl Marx's theory of socialist revolution and that of V. I. Lenin?
Only Lenin argued that the workers' revolution would have to be led by professional revolutionaries.
Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies?
Social Darwinism
Poem 1, the sentiments regarding education and politics are best understood in the context of which of the following?
The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule
The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following?
The Enlightenment
Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch?
The Enlightenment
Based on an analysis of the Japanese currency used during the Meili period (1868-1912) shown above, which of the following is the primary message conveyed by the engraving?
The Japanese government saw itself as a maior Pacific power.
Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend in the percentages of industrial production and heavy industry as shown in the table for the period 1890-1938 ?
The Meiji reforms
Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world?
The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies
"I think we should continue to emphasize the history and culture of the West, while encompassing the rest, because the West has in fact made the world we know. Anyone who wants to participate in the world community in the coming century had better know how and why the West has defined, and will continue to define, world civilization. Why do I say that? The author's argument regarding the effects of Western philosophy on the world is likely based on which of the following?
The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide
In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following?
The concept of the civilizing mission
Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention?
The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing
The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?
The development of new methods of production during the second Industrial Revolution
Which of the following best explains the changes in the population of the Hawaiian Islands from 187210.1878
The development of racial exclusion policies in European settler colonies
"I have longed to make the acquaintance of a 'modern girl,' that proud, independent girl who has all my sympathy! I do not belong to the Indian world, but to that of my sisters who are struggling forward in the distant West. If the laws of my land permitted it, I would be like the new woman in Europe; but age-long traditions that cannot be broken hold us back. Based on the letter, Kartini's views were most similar to the views espoused by members of which of the following movements?
The early feminist movement
The Enlightenment Which of the following developments facilitated the family situation portrayed in Brandes' sketch?
The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia
A historian interpreting the policies advocated for in the passage would most likely argue that they are best explained in the context of which of the following?
The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies
In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution?
The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.
in what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution
The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.
The disputes over wornen's rights alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late-nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies?
The spread of intellectual and political debates informed by Enlightenment ideas
Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?
The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions.
Argentina's main railway lines were owned by British companies during this period. The information on the map most strongly suggests which of the following about Argentina's railways in the late nineteenth century?
They contributed to economic activity by connecting interior regions to the coast.
The image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below. Ethiopia's cultural traditions reflected in the painting had which of the following effects on Ethiopia's interactions with European colonial empires in the late nineteenth century?
They provided Ethiopians with an additional rationale for resisting European encroachment
The proletariat [working class] grows together with the growth of capitalism. But the day when power goes over into the hands of the proletariat depends immediately not on the level of the productive forces, but on a series of subjective factors: tradition, initiative, readiness for struggle. in a country which is economically more backward, the proletariat can come to power sooner than in an advanced capitalist country." Leon Trotsky, Russian communist leader, article, 1906 Which of the following best represents the purpose of Trotsky's statement in the passage above?
To arque that Russia is ripe for a socialist revolution, despite being less industrialized than other European countries
Which of the following most likely explains the differences in the perceived risk assoclated with nesting in land in Britain and investing in land in India, as shown in the table
While improvements in agricultural productivity made investing in land in Britain relatively safe, Britain was still ir the process of securing its control over India
historian interpreting the decree would best understand the purpose of the "new legislation" referred to in the second paragraph as an attempt to
allow the Ottoman government to compete against industrializing European powers
1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by
coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements
the late nineteenth century, European involvement in both Africa and China was characterized primarily by
competition among imperialist powers
On a global scale, the implementation of the types of policies that Rivett-Carnac advocated for in the passage is most significant in that it directly led to the
growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800-1900 best illustrate the impact of
he Industrial Revolution
"Again, another marked characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries Josiah Strong, American Protestant clergyman, essay on Anglo-Saxons, 1891 The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts?
imperialism
Sun Yuting responded, 'Britain is larger than other European countries and is, therefore, powerful. But its power comes from its wealth, which is derived from China. This country is allowed to trade at the port of Canton. It exchanges its goods for our tea. It then resells the tea to Europe and to its colonies in the West, thus becoming wealthy and powerful. Yet, tea is as important to the West as rhubarb is to Russia. If we put an embargo on tea exports, Britain will fall into poverty and its people into sickness. How powerful, then, could Britain possibly be compared to China?'" Sun Yuting, governor of the southern Chinese province of Guangdong, autobiographical account of his conversation with the Jiaqing emperor of the Qing dynasty, early nineteenth century Sun Yuting's analysis of the potential effect of a trade embargo on Great Britain could best be characterized as
inaccurate, because Sun Yuting failed to account for the fact that Great Britain's economy had largely industrialized
All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT
increased rights for laborers
The 2nd paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century...
justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions
"In the past, et the end of the Han, Teng, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, bands of rebels were innumerable, all because of foolish rulers and misgovernment, so that none of these rebellions could be stamped out. But today [the emperor] is deeply concerned and examines his character in order to reform himself, worships Heaven, and is sympathetic to the people. He has not increased the land tax, nor has he conscripted soldiers from households... It does not require any great wisdom to see that sooner or later the [Taiping] bandits will all be destroyed." Zeng Guofan, Qing dynasty Chinese official, proclamation against the Talping rebels, 1854 In the passage above, Zeng Guofar's purpose in listing the policies of the current Qing emperor is most likely to
mobilize popular support by showing that the Taiping rebellion does not represent a legitimate challenge to Qing rule
The arguments expressed in the passage are significant beceuse they help explain why
social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule
Data adapted from David Wilkinson Cities, Civilizations and Oikumenes Comparative Cilizations Review: Vols. 27 and 28: Nos. 27 and 28. 1992-1993 The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800 to 1900 C E best illustrate the impact of
the Industrial Revolutior
Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the 1860s in
the United States and Russia
Rivett-Carnac's point of view is directly relevant in understanding all of the following features of the report EXCEPT
the fact that the report states the railroad would lead to a reduction in the area of Berar covered by jungle
