Ethics Ch. 1-6: Multiple Choice & True/False

Which of the following questions would you be most likely to hear from people in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning when they are confronted with a moral issue in their lives?

"Is someone going to be harmed by my action?"

Which of the following questions would you be most likely to hear from someone, in both Kohlberg's and Gilligan's preconvention stage of moral reasoning, when they are confronted with a moral issue?

"What's in it for me?"

Ethical skepticism is closely related to the idea of what

Agnosticism

At which level of critical thinking would you look at your experience and interpretation?

Analysis

Which category of ethical norms was used by Adolf Hitler in his writing of the Mein Kampf to justify the killing of the Jews?

Antinomianism

Where does resistance belong in relation to the 3-tiered approach to critical thinking?

At the end of interpretation

Opinions are?

Based on feeling rather than on reason

Who said, "The heart has its reasons which reason does not know . . . it is the heart which experiences God, and not the reason?"

Blaise Pascal

Which of the following is not considered part of the Divine Command Theory?

Buddhism

Who said, "we must believe that conscience of man is not a product of nature?"

C.S. Lewis

In constructing a moral argument, we should begin by

Compiling a list of premises

Which type of defense mechanism allowsus to work through challenges to our worldview while maintain our integrity?

Coping

Cultural relativism confuses morality with what

Custom

"I don't see a problem" is what type of defense mechanism?

Denial

Which of the following is not one of the claims made by cultural relativist?

Different societies do not have different moral codes

Holding two contradictory views at the same time is what type of distraction?

Doublethink

Which of the following is an example of a noncognitive ethical theory?

Emotivism

Which of the following is not a relative ethical theory?

Emotivism

Which of the following factors would a cultural relativist argue is most important in the formation of our consciences?

Environment

Moral knowledge is also known as what?

Epistemology

Divine command theory is a type of what?

Ethical Relativism

What did Plato suggest for those whose souls are incurably evil?

Execution

At which level of critical thinking would you consider all that you have been a part of?

Experience

According to class discussion, the terms "ethics" and "morality" can be used interchangeably.

False

Conscience is broken into two parts: Cognitive and defective

False

Cultural relativism can be viewed as nothing more than socially disapproved customs

False

Cultural relativism is a universalist theory

False

Cultural relativism is logical

False

Cultural relativism is the same as cultural diversity

False

Ethics primarily deals with descriptive statements with prescriptive being in a supporting role

False

In Emotivism, all moral statements are not meaningless

False

In Emotivism, there are moral truths

False

In Ethical Subjectivism, we can know with certainty whether or not objective moral standards exist

False

In determinism, there is free will

False

In universalist theories, morality is created rather than discovered

False

Morality is dependent on or relative to God and morality does exist independently of God's will

False

People act more moral when others are around

False

Prescriptive statements deal with what ought to be in nonmoral values

False

The study of ethics must not take into account relevant facts about human nature

False

To the heart of Ethical Subjectivism, moral opinions are based solely on what

Feelings

In resolving a moral dilemma, we should first?

Get our facts straight

Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of morality?

Group consideration

Why did Nazi Adolf Eichmann argue at his trial that he had done nothing wrong?

He did not break any laws of his country

Which of the following statements would you hear from someone who is engaged in doublethink?

I agree with both sides of the argument

Which type of defense mechanism would not be wanting to learn about something because one does not want to?

Ignorance

Ethical Subjectivism is sometimes called what

Individual relativism

Which level of critical thinking would you try to make sense of the world around us?

Interpretation

Which of the following is true according to divine command theory?

It was morally acceptable for the terrorist to bomb the World Trade Center on 9/11, if the command to do so came from God

Another way to look at tolerance is through which phrase?

Live and let live

Which category of moral actions states that acts are either mandated or prohibited

Morally Obligatory

Which category of moral actions states that acts go beyond the call of duty?

Morally Supererogatory

Which category of moral actions states that acts are neither mandated nor forbidden?

Morally permissible

What event led to a general disillusionment with the theory of cultural relativism

Nazi holocaust

What are the two traditional subdivisions of moral philosophy?

Normative ethics and metaethics

In Ethical Subjectivism, morality is based on what?

Opinion

Cultural Relativism is concerned with what?

Ought to be

Who said, "The heart has its reasons which reason knows nothing of".

Pascal

What is the most common type of evidence that we might use in research?

Personal experience

Cultural relativism does not work in what kind of society?

Pluralist

Which metaethical side states that morality is different for different people?

Relativist

Who said "We recognize that morality differs in every society, and is convenient term for socially approved habits?

Ruth Benedict

Which answer best fits the following statement. "simply the observation that there are disagreements among cultures regarding moral behavioral?'

Sociological relativism

Who said, "The unexamined life is not worth living"?

Socrates

Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud identified the conscience with the?

Superego

Which of the following is most likely to follow as a result of adopting cultural relativism?

Suspicion and distrust of the norms and values of different cultures

According to Ethical Subjectivism, there is a right and wrong

false

Is there is no God then, according to divine command theory?

There would be no morality

Civil Religion is a mix of Divine Command and Cultural Relativism

True

Cultural relativism created a divisive mentality

True

Cultural relativism does not correctly describe how we make moral judgements

True

Cultural relativism says that public opinion determines right and wrong

True

Cultural relativist claim that is arrogant to judge other cultures

True

Descriptive statements are just about the facts

True

Herodotus said that conceptions of right and wrong differ from culture to culture

True

In Ethical Subjectivism moral statements are based on personal opinion

True

In Ethical Subjectivism, individual opinions must provide the standard of moral truth

True

Metaphysical dualism deals with the idea that our bodies are made up of two parts

True

Metaphysical materialism supports the idea that morality is based on out biological drives

True

Plato deigned conscience as an activity of the soul that directs us toward to good

True

What is the funny phrase surrounding the making of excuses, especially as it relates to our environment?

Twinkie Defense

Which metaethical side states that moral truths exist that are true for all humans, regardless of their personal beliefs?

Universalist

Which of the following is not one of the three factors related to conscience?

Work skills