Ethics Final Review- EX 1

True or False: According to Hugo Bedau's argument against the death penalty, he points out that though execution of a criminal may cost less than life imprisonment, other matters of justice such as unfairness require the abolition of the death penalty.

False

True or False: In the famous painting of Plato's School of Athens, the artist, Raphael, painted himself into the painting.

True

True or False: The speech of the Laws states that our city or country deserve higher respect than our parents and ancestors who have nurtured and raised us.

True

True or False: While state laws may ban the death penalty in state like Massachusetts and Rhode Island, federal law can supersede state law resulting in sentencing a convicted criminal to execution even in an abolitionist state like Massachusetts, such as the Boston Marathon bomber, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.

True

With respect to fear of death, which of the following is NOT a Stoic teaching or attitude? a. Death in old age is not to be feared, but to die young is fearful b. Where death is I am not; where I am, death is not c. The terror of death consists in our judgement that death is terrible d. The courageous death of Socrates is a model of Stoic life/death

a. Death in old age is not to be feared, but to die young is fearful

For four years from 1972-1976, capital punishment was illegal in the United States based on the Supreme Court ruling in a. Furman vs Georgia b. Gregg vs Georgia c. Roe vs Wade d. Griswold vs Connecticut

a. Furman vs Georgia

Which of the following is NOT an important difference between the virtue theory of Socrates and that of Aristotle? a. Socrates defined virtues in a relativist or individual way, but Aristotle did not and argued for the Golden Mean b. Aristotle did not believe all virtues can be taught and thus did not accept the Socratic doctrine that virtue is knowledge c. Aristotle made a distinction between intellectual virtues and moral virtues d. None of the above. All are differences between Socrates and Aristotle

a. Socrates defined virtues in a relativist or individual way, but Aristotle did not and argued for the Golden Mean

In the deductive argument Socrates develops related to harming one's neighbors, a crucial premise is a. his belief that no one harms himself or herself knowingly or deliberately b. his belief that nothing to fear in death c. his belief that human nature is inherently good d. his belief that human nature is inherently wicked or sinful

a. his belief that no one harms himself or herself knowingly or deliberately

Plato defined justice (goodness) as a harmony of the parts of the soul achieved through following the virtues of a. moderation, courage, and wisdom b. courage, wisdom, and piety c. faith, hope, and love, and the greatest is love d. none of the above. Plato did not define justice in terms of virtues

a. moderation, courage, and wisdom

In her mini-lecture on the overall context of the Phaedo dialogue prior to the Death Scene, our TA, Aira Loberti, discussed a. several arguments considered by Socrates to demonstrate the immorality of the soul such as the arguments from opposites and Recollection b. several arguments considered by Socrates to demonstrate that belief in life after death is an illusion since it is to claim to know what is unknown c. Socrates' final arguments against the city of Athens for the injustice of his execution d. None of the above. Aria Loberti compared reading Phaedo with reading Harry Potter

a. several arguments considered by Socrates to demonstrate the immorality of the soul such as the arguments from opposites and Recollection

In Crito, when Socrates personified the Laws and asked them to speak, the spoke of a just agreement between Socrates and the city due to the fact that Socrates had not left the city but accepted its benefits. What kind of political philosophy is this, also defended by Hobbles, Locke, and Rousseau in modern times? a. social contract theory b. organicism c. aristocracy d. socialism

a. social contract theory

Which of the following arguments does Jennifer Lackey MOST EMPHASIZE to demonstrate that natural life sentences are irrational? a. PSYCHOLOGICAL , because the adolescent convict has a prefrontal brain cortex that has not developed beyond impulsive and risky behavior b. EPISTEMIC, because they screen off consideration of information regarding prisoner change and transformation over time c. DEVELOPMENTAL, because they discriminate against elderly prisoners who become less dangerous as they age d. ACADEMIC, because there is a big difference between a student who cheats, admits it, and promises never to do it again and another student who cheats and lies about it

b. EPISTEMIC, because they screen off consideration of information regarding prisoner change and transformation over time

In the Phaedo death scene, which of the following is TRUE? a. Socrates started his preference for burial rather and cremation to honor the traditions of Athens b. Socrates did not linger for a final meal with his friends and drank the hemlock promptly c. Socrates was upset with the jailer for carrying out the judgement of the court so swiftly d. Socrates' last words about a religious sacrifice continued his defiance of the gods as charged by Meletus at the trial

b. Socrates did not linger for a final meal with his friends and drank the hemlock promptly

When Socrates speaks about possible acquittal on condition of a new Athenian law against the practice of philosophy, a. Socrates says that he would form a new school, that Academy, outside the city of Athens b. Socrates indicates his intention to break such law c. Socrates says that he would be forced to go into exile d. None of the above. Socrates does not speak about possible acquittal on these terms.

b. Socrates indicates his intention to break such law

When Aristotle defines virtue as "an intermediate between excess and deficiency," he means a. a mathematical middle or mean b. a qualitative mean that can shift somewhat depending upon the individual person c. to praise the Greek wrestler, Milo d. the middle way in life's decision results in a life of infinite boredom

b. a qualitative mean that can shift somewhat depending upon the individual person

With respect to the death penalty and criminal justice, both retributive justice and distributive justice have to do with interpretations and applications of the fundamental ethical principle of a. empathy and compassion b. equality c. lex talionis (eye for an eye) d. revenge e. right of first possession

b. equality

The vote of Socrates' conviction as guilty of the charges was a. not close, being convicted by almost 400 votes out of the 501 members of the jury b. rather close, requiring only 30 votes to have changed sides for Socrates to have been acquitted c. delayed, awaiting the arrival of the ship from Delos d. omitted, because the jury system in ancient Athens did not decide guilt or innocence by majority vote

b. rather close, requiring only 30 votes to have changed sides for Socrates to have been acquitted

As part of his defense, Socrates argues that "wealth does not produce excellence of soul, but excellence of soul produces wealth and all good things." According to the four Socratic "doctrines" analyzed by Prof. Johnson, this statement indicates the Socratic "doctrine" of a. harmony of soul b. the distinction between soul and body c. belief in the afterlife and cycle of reincarnation d. poverty and chastity

b. the distinction between soul and body

In the famous painting by Jacques Louis David, The Death of Socrates, which of the following people is NOT clearly identifiable? a. Socrates b. Crito c. Aristotle d. the jailer with the hemlock

c. Aristotle

Plato argued that the three parts (faculties) of the human soul (psyche) are a. ego, id, and superego b. appetites, spirit (passions), and reason c. body, mind, and soul (psyche) d. appetites, spirit (passions), and will

c. body, mind, and soul (psyche)

Which of the following was not a penalty or punishment considered by the jury in sentencing Socrates? a. free meals in the Olympic Hall (Prytaneum) b. a fine offered to be paid by Socrates' followers c. community service in keeping with Socrates' purpose of care of the city d. execution by poisoning

c. community service in keeping with Socrates' purpose of care of the city

Based on Aristotle's typology of souls a. he believed only human beings have souls b. he denied that plants have vegetative souls although he acknowledged animals have souls whose special excellence is sensation c. he provided a biological basis for Plato's tripartite psychology d. he denied the doctrine of the immortality of the soul

c. he provided a biological basis for Plato's tripartite psychology

In the analogy between training horses and educating the young developed as part of his defense against Meletus, Socrates argued a. it is the one bad apple who corrupts the young b. it is the majority who improve the young c. it is the one good trainer/ educator who improves the young d. it is up to the individual young person to improve himself or herself

c. it is the one good trainer/ educator who improves the young

When Socrates personified the Laws and asks them to speak, THE LAWS say a. it is acceptable to break an unjust law or unjust verdict of the court b. ethical laws are higher than the laws of any city or state c. one must obey an unjust law or persuade the state to change it d. religion is the ultimate court of appeal regarding just and unjust laws e. none of the above. in fact the Laws state that the only thing that matters with respect to justice is the outcomes or consequences of our actions

c. one must obey an unjust law or persuade the state to change it

Jeffery Reiman's article, "Justice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty," argues for a middle way in between total abolitionism and total retributivism, called a. solitary confinement b. lex talionis ("eye for an eye") c. proportional retributivism d. restorative justice or reconciliation

c. proportional retributivism

When Socrates made his famous declaration that "the unexamined life is not worth living for mankind," he was giving praise to what he regarded as the highest virtue for mankind, namely a. justice b. love c. reason (logos) d. courage

c. reason (logos)

In Plato's Apology, Socrates says that he received his "mission" in life to question his fellow Athenians regarding wisdom, from a. Plato and other young Athenians who desired to study philosophy b. his family, especially his brother, Glaucon c. the oracle for the god at Delphi d. his friends, especially his friend from youth onward, Crito

c. the oracle for the god at Delphi

Near the beginning of his defense in Apology, Socrates refers to an unwritten slander circulated against him by two groups. Which groups are they? a. the oracle of Delphi, and the poets b. the politicians and craftsmen c. the pre-Socratic Nature philosophers and Sophists d. the Sophists and the mathematicians, including Euclid e. the writers of the Greek tragedies like Sophocles and the historians like Xenophon

c. the pre-Socratic Nature philosophers and Sophists

In his final speech to the jury, which of the following is not a reason Socrates gives for his courage in facing death without fear? a. What comes after death is unknown, therefore it is irrational to fear it b. either there is life after death, in which case Socrates can converse with the Greek writers and heroes, or there is no life after death, in which case it is sleep and rest c. with the coming of old age, the elderly fear death less d. no harm can come to a good person either in life or in death e. none of the above. all are reasons Socrates gave for not fearing death

c. with the coming of old age, the elderly fear death less

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Lisa Guenther's article criticizing solitary confinement? a. It appeared in the Opinion pages of the New York Times b. It argues that solitary confinement is morally wrong based on phenomenology, which is a philosophical method for describing lived experience from a first person perspective c. It argues that the most harmful effects of solitary confinement is that it destroys the reality of our human identity as relational, requiring the presence of other person to know who we are d. It argues that the most harmful effect of solitary confinement is SHU syndrome, a cluster of symptoms such as intense anxiety, paranoia, depression, memory loss, hallucinations, and perceptual distortions, i.e., the person becomes unhinged

d. It argues that the most harmful effect of solitary confinement is SHU syndrome, a cluster of symptoms such as intense anxiety, paranoia, depression, memory loss, hallucinations, and perceptual distortions, i.e., the person becomes unhinged

Which of the following is NOT one of the standard interpretations of Socrates' decision to accept the jury's penalty of execution and drink the hemlock? a. Socrates was a civil disobedient who broke the (implicit) law against philosophy and therefore was morally required to accept the penalty b. As he had prophesied in his final speech to the jury, Socrates chose to die as a martyr in order to spread the mission of philosophy by inspiring young people c. Socrates chose to accept the penalty and drank the hemlock as a kind of assisted suicide that would create a legacy for the later philosophical school of Stoicism d. None of the above. All are standard interpretations

d. None of the above. All are standard interpretations

With respect to the virtue of courage, which of the following is NOT true? a. Plato defined it in terms of knowledge regarding what is to be feared and what is not to be feared b. Aristotle did not define it in terms of knowledge because he viewed it as a moral virtue rather than an intellectual virtue c. Aristotle considered it as the mean between cowardice and foolhardiness (rashness) d. Plato defined it in terms of knowledge regarding pleasure and pain

d. Plato defined it in terms of knowledge regarding pleasure and pain

In Apology, which is NOT one of the charges brought against Socrates in the written sworn deposition? a. Socrates has corrupted the young b. Socrates believes in new gods c. Socrates does not believe in the gods of the city d. Socrates makes weak arguments into strong arguments and teaches others the same

d. Socrates makes weak arguments into strong arguments and teaches others the same

In the YouTube video about the death penalty with Barry Scheck, head of the Innocence Project, one of the arguments he gives related to any deterrent effect of the death penalty id a. length delays in execution defeat any possible deterrence effects b. in the state of California, there are currently 26 years between a capital conviction and execution c. more death row convicts die of old age than die of execution d. all of the above e. non of the above

d. all of the above

In "The Case Against the Death Penalty," Hugo Bedau argues that the unfairness in application of the death penalty can be observed in three areas. Which is NOT one of them? a. race b. sex and gender c. socio-economic status d. religious belief, Islam vs Christian

d. religious belief, Islam vs Christian

When the Supreme Court reinstated the constitutionality of the death penalty in 1976, the reinstatement was based on the state of Georgia Model Penal Code which required a. a clear separation between the guilt phase and sentencing phase of a capital trial b. consideration by the jury of a clear list stating aggravating circumstances c. elimination of execution by firing squad and electrocution as cruel and unusual punishments d. two of the above e. all of the above

d. two of the above

Based on the hypothetical nature of criminal law (if ____, then ____), based on Crito it is possible to argue that a. Socrates accepted execution in keeping with the practice of civil disobedience b. Socrates could not escape the penalty of execution without criminal disobedience c. Socrates' behavior inspired later philosophers such as Thoreau, Gandhi, and MLK d. the "persuade or obey" mandate should not be taken "strictly" or laterally e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following is what Reiman means by the "civilizing mission of modern states?" a. The amount of force a society uses against its own people is an inverse measure of the society's justness, i.e., the greater that force, the less is the justness b. In the evolution of criminal punishment, modern societies have moved away from torture and public execution, now are moving past execution toward life imprisonment c. Progress in civilization is characterized by a lower tolerance for one's own pain and as well as a lower tolerance for pain inflicted upon others d. Growth in civilization generally marks human history when there is a reduction in the horrible things we tolerate doing to our fellows (even when they deserve them) e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following is NOT one of the variables Hugo Bedau argues must be taken into account in weighing abolition of the death penalty? a. deterrence b. inevitability of error c. barbarity d. retribution e. none of the above

e. none of the above

Which of the following is NOT some version of a fundamental Socratic principle or "doctrine?" a. No person does evil or harms himself/herself knowingly or deliberately b. Virtue is knowledge c. No harm can come to a good person either in life or in death d. the real distinction between the body and soul e. none of the above. All are "socratic doctrines"

e. none of the above. All are "socratic doctrines"

Which of the following is NOT one of the reason Crito offered Socrates in order to persuade him to "escape" from prison and avoid execution? a. accepting death would damage Crito's reputation b. Socrates should not accept execution in order to be able to care for his children c. accepting death is doing what the enemies of Socrates and the prosecutors want d. accepting death is the easier path displaying lack of courage e. none of the above. all are reasons offered to Socrates by Crito

e. none of the above. all are reasons offered to Socrates by Crito