Ethics

excellences of thought excllences of character

2 distinct human excellences

Utang na loob

A fundamental aspect of upholding group harmony and relationships that demand the balancing of obligations and debts

Li

A system of norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act in everyday life

Rén

An obligation of altruism and humaneness for other individuals

Reason

As a requirement for morality entails that human feelings may be important in ethical decisions, but they ought to be guided by reason

Cultural relativists

Base on their moral theory on the observation that societies funadamentally disagree about ethical issues

Western ethics

Claimed to have more of a stress on self and what is rationally or logically true and seen to a place more emphasis on law and justice

Moral subjectivism

Considered basis is a given society, thw relativist ideology is typically referred to as cultural relativism

Amor propio

Derived from the word face. Translated as self respect or self-esteem. "characterized as a high degree of sensitivity that makes a person intolerant to criticism and causes him to have an easily wounded pride

Hiya

Described as a feeling of lowliness, shame or embarrassment, and inhibition or shyness which is experienced as somewhat distressing.

Moral relativism

Fundamentally believes that no act is good or bad objectively, and there is no single objective universal standard throug which we can evaluate the truth of moral judgements

Pakikisama

Having and maintaining good public relations

Smooth Interpersonal Relationship (SIR)

In Philippine culture, this is principally supported by and anchored on at least basic Filipino values

Impartiality

Involves the idea that each individual's interests and point of view are equally important

Culture

Is so complex that it is not easy to define, the eay of life of a group of people

Ethics

Is the branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct.

Social conditioning theory

It can be observed that when one says that a particular action ought or ought not to be done, he/she is not simply echoing social approval or disapproval

Cultural relativism

Most dominant form of moral relativism, defines moral as what is socially approved by the majority in a particular culture

Only human beings can be ethical

Only they can possess or practice values such as love, honor, social relationship, forgiveness, compassion and altruism

6 basic filipino values

Pakikisama Hiya Amor propio Utang na loob Filipino hospitality Respect for elders

James lewis

Philisopher eho claims that morality belongs to the same class as mathematics

Filipino hospitality

Refers to the innate ability and trait of Filipinls to be courteous and entertaining to their guests

Morality

Speaks of a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong behavior

Callatians

The indian tribe who believed it was right to eat the dead

James Rachels

The late philisophy professor who made a compelling assessment of cultural relarivism

Social learning

The process by which individuals acquire knowledge from others in the group to which they belong, as a normal part of childhood

Yi

The upholding of righteousness and moral deposotion to do good

Relarivism

The usual or customary ways through which things are done within a group

Personal dilemma

There are moral dilemmas that are experienced and resolved on the individual level

Non-moral dilemma

These are rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations

Respect for elders

These include po and opi when talking to elders and pagmamano or putting of the elder's hand to one's forehead

Organizational dilemmas

These refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social organizations

Structural dilemmas

These refet to cases involving network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms

Rules

These tells us what is or is not allowed in a particular context or situation

Moral dilemma

These type of dilemmas involved situations in which a diffficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle.

Eskimos

They are popular for killing perfectly normal infants, especially girls.

Freedom as foundation of morality

This cannot be said to be moral for it has no freedom or choice but to work according to what is commanded based on its built-in-program

Confusionism

This religion focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of morality

Truth telling Respecting life

Universal values

virtue

a moral character trait for which a person is deserving of a positive reactive attitude, such as resentment or blame

lawrence kohlberg

american psychologist in 1927-1987 is best known for his theory of stages of moral development

character

derived from the greek word 'charakrêr', which has initially used as a mark impressed upon a coin. later came to mean a distinctark by which one thing has distinguished from others l, and then chiefly to mean the assemblage of qualities that distinguish one person from another

moral character

in philosophical sense, refers to having or lacking moral virtue.

the circular relation of acts and character

in the process of moral development, there is the circular relation between acts that build character and moral character itself.

vice

is a moral character trait for which the agent is deserving of a negative reactive attitude, such as resentment or blame

Kholberg's 3 level and 6 stages of moral development/reasoning

level 1-pre-conventional morality °stage 1. obedience and punishment orientation °stage 2. Individualism and exchange level 2-conventional morality °stage 3. good interpersonal relationships °stage 4. maintaining the social order level 4-post conventional morality °stage 5. social contract and individual rights °stage 6. universal principles

developing virtue as habit

miral character refers to the existence or lack of virtues such as integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty, and loyalty

heinz

one of kohlberg best knowm story

disposition

particular kinds of properties or characteristics that object can possess.

jean piaget's

swiss clinical psychologist in 1896-1980 theory of moral development but wanted to develop his ideas further

moral characters as desposition

the moral character traits that constitute a person's moral character are characteristically understood as behavioral and effective dispositions.

moral character and virtues

this stress on distinctiveness or individuality tends to merge "character" with "personality" in modern usage. for instance, when thinking of a person's idiosyncratic mannerisms, social gestures, or habits of dress, we might say that "he has personality" or that "he's quite a character".