Ethics
excellences of thought excllences of character
2 distinct human excellences
Utang na loob
A fundamental aspect of upholding group harmony and relationships that demand the balancing of obligations and debts
Li
A system of norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act in everyday life
Rén
An obligation of altruism and humaneness for other individuals
Reason
As a requirement for morality entails that human feelings may be important in ethical decisions, but they ought to be guided by reason
Cultural relativists
Base on their moral theory on the observation that societies funadamentally disagree about ethical issues
Western ethics
Claimed to have more of a stress on self and what is rationally or logically true and seen to a place more emphasis on law and justice
Moral subjectivism
Considered basis is a given society, thw relativist ideology is typically referred to as cultural relativism
Amor propio
Derived from the word face. Translated as self respect or self-esteem. "characterized as a high degree of sensitivity that makes a person intolerant to criticism and causes him to have an easily wounded pride
Hiya
Described as a feeling of lowliness, shame or embarrassment, and inhibition or shyness which is experienced as somewhat distressing.
Moral relativism
Fundamentally believes that no act is good or bad objectively, and there is no single objective universal standard throug which we can evaluate the truth of moral judgements
Pakikisama
Having and maintaining good public relations
Smooth Interpersonal Relationship (SIR)
In Philippine culture, this is principally supported by and anchored on at least basic Filipino values
Impartiality
Involves the idea that each individual's interests and point of view are equally important
Culture
Is so complex that it is not easy to define, the eay of life of a group of people
Ethics
Is the branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct.
Social conditioning theory
It can be observed that when one says that a particular action ought or ought not to be done, he/she is not simply echoing social approval or disapproval
Cultural relativism
Most dominant form of moral relativism, defines moral as what is socially approved by the majority in a particular culture
Only human beings can be ethical
Only they can possess or practice values such as love, honor, social relationship, forgiveness, compassion and altruism
6 basic filipino values
Pakikisama Hiya Amor propio Utang na loob Filipino hospitality Respect for elders
James lewis
Philisopher eho claims that morality belongs to the same class as mathematics
Filipino hospitality
Refers to the innate ability and trait of Filipinls to be courteous and entertaining to their guests
Morality
Speaks of a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong behavior
Callatians
The indian tribe who believed it was right to eat the dead
James Rachels
The late philisophy professor who made a compelling assessment of cultural relarivism
Social learning
The process by which individuals acquire knowledge from others in the group to which they belong, as a normal part of childhood
Yi
The upholding of righteousness and moral deposotion to do good
Relarivism
The usual or customary ways through which things are done within a group
Personal dilemma
There are moral dilemmas that are experienced and resolved on the individual level
Non-moral dilemma
These are rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations
Respect for elders
These include po and opi when talking to elders and pagmamano or putting of the elder's hand to one's forehead
Organizational dilemmas
These refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social organizations
Structural dilemmas
These refet to cases involving network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms
Rules
These tells us what is or is not allowed in a particular context or situation
Moral dilemma
These type of dilemmas involved situations in which a diffficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle.
Eskimos
They are popular for killing perfectly normal infants, especially girls.
Freedom as foundation of morality
This cannot be said to be moral for it has no freedom or choice but to work according to what is commanded based on its built-in-program
Confusionism
This religion focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of morality
Truth telling Respecting life
Universal values
virtue
a moral character trait for which a person is deserving of a positive reactive attitude, such as resentment or blame
lawrence kohlberg
american psychologist in 1927-1987 is best known for his theory of stages of moral development
character
derived from the greek word 'charakrêr', which has initially used as a mark impressed upon a coin. later came to mean a distinctark by which one thing has distinguished from others l, and then chiefly to mean the assemblage of qualities that distinguish one person from another
moral character
in philosophical sense, refers to having or lacking moral virtue.
the circular relation of acts and character
in the process of moral development, there is the circular relation between acts that build character and moral character itself.
vice
is a moral character trait for which the agent is deserving of a negative reactive attitude, such as resentment or blame
Kholberg's 3 level and 6 stages of moral development/reasoning
level 1-pre-conventional morality °stage 1. obedience and punishment orientation °stage 2. Individualism and exchange level 2-conventional morality °stage 3. good interpersonal relationships °stage 4. maintaining the social order level 4-post conventional morality °stage 5. social contract and individual rights °stage 6. universal principles
developing virtue as habit
miral character refers to the existence or lack of virtues such as integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty, and loyalty
heinz
one of kohlberg best knowm story
disposition
particular kinds of properties or characteristics that object can possess.
jean piaget's
swiss clinical psychologist in 1896-1980 theory of moral development but wanted to develop his ideas further
moral characters as desposition
the moral character traits that constitute a person's moral character are characteristically understood as behavioral and effective dispositions.
moral character and virtues
this stress on distinctiveness or individuality tends to merge "character" with "personality" in modern usage. for instance, when thinking of a person's idiosyncratic mannerisms, social gestures, or habits of dress, we might say that "he has personality" or that "he's quite a character".