Ethics test2 ch8

Existentialists argue that making moral decisions by means of preset rules and procedures would

Be artificially formulaic.

Sartre argues that the _____ of morality varies from person to person, even though the form of it is universal.

Content

Though Sartre's existentialism prescribes no universal set of moral rules for action, we should not fall prey to _____.

Despairing quietism

Sartre argues that:

Existence precedes essence.

For Sartre, _____ precedes _____.

Existence/essence

Sartre argues that the terminology of morality varies from person to person, but that the rules those terms express are universal and the same for every individual.

FAlse

Although some "existentialists" refused the label, most were united in their wish to construct a coherent "school of thought."

False

There is no real personal responsibility for humans, for, says Sartre, "man is condemned to the illusion that he is free."

False

Sartre argues that while the content of morality varies from person to person, the _____ of it is universal.

Form

There is no escape from personal responsibility for humans, because, says Sartre, "man is condemned to be _____."

Free

When we play roles or mind-games with others, we are likely guilty of what Sartre calls _____.

Inauthenticity

Sartre's existentialist ethic, he argued, is not _____.

Nihilistic

Individuals often try to escape from _____ _____, Sartre noted, by engaging in "bad faith" explanations.

Personal responsibility

Individuals often try to escape from _____ by engaging in what Sartre calls "bad faith" explanations.

Personal responsibility

_____ does violence to the uniqueness and subjectivity of individuals, says existentialism.

Philosophical system-making

_____ is considered a significant 20th century existentialist.

Simone de Beauvoir

Existentialists believe that philosophical _____ do violence to the uniqueness and subjectivity of individuals.

Systems

Some "existentialists" refuse the label because

They do not wish to belong to a school of thought.

Existentialism is often seen as a revolt against _____.

Traditional philosophy

Existentialism is often seen as a revolt against traditional philosophy.

True

For Sartre, "existence precedes essence."

True

Individuals often try to escape from personal responsibility by engaging in what Sartre calls "bad faith" explanations.

True

Jean-Paul Sartre coined the term "existentialism."

True

The feminist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir is considered a significant 20th century existentialist.

True

There is no escape from personal responsibility for humans, says Sartre, since "man is condemned to be free."

True

In contrast to previous Western philosophers, existentialists intentionally used _____ methods in their philosophical investigations.

Unorthodox

Existentialists use _____ in their philosophical investigations.

Unorthodox methods

Individuals often try to escape from personal responsibility, Sartre noted, by engaging in "_____ ______" explanations.

bad faith

Because they were trained in traditional philosophy, existentialists used orthodox methods in their philosophical investigations.

false

For Sartre, essence precedes existence.

false

Properly understood, Sartre claimed his existentialist ethic is gloomy and nihilistic.

false

Sartre is a theistic existentialist.

false

Existentialists argue that making moral decisions by means of preset rules and procedures help one avoid bias and partiality.

false!

Sartre denied charges that his existentialist ethic condemns one to a gloomy and _____ pessimism, arguing instead that it is characterized by "optimistic toughness."

nihilistic

Existentialists argue that making moral decisions by means of preset rules and procedures would be artificially formulaic.

true