Euro study guide #2
Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in
Scandinavia
1. Which aspect of Martin Luther's beliefs is most reflective of what Erasmus is saying in the passage? 2. Which of the following belief systems was questioned by Erasmus in this passage? 3. By referencing Athens what aspect of humanism was Erasmus highlighting in this passage? 4. A primary difference between Northern Humanism as portrayed by Erasmus and Italian Humanism was
1. Luther's concern with the Catholic Church's concept of salvation. 2. Italian Humanism 3. The reliance on ancient Greek and Roman thought. 4. an emphasis on Christian piety.
1. Which of the following was most supportive of Luther's condemnation of the Catholic Church? 2. The debate in the excerpts above most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?
1. the German Princes 2. the establishment of the first Protestant religion
England's break with the Roman church became official with the passage of the
Act of Supremacy.
Victory over the Spanish Armada at the end of the sixteenth century was achieved by
England.
The Schmalkaldic War in Germany ended in 1555 with the
Peace of Augsburg.
Which of the following was not a central belief of Lutheranism?
The sale of indulgences is a proper revenue source for a church.
The author of Utopia, a satire on European government and society, was
Thomas More.
Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn ended when he executed her for
adultery.
The Edict of Nantes was all of the following except it
expelled the Huguenots from France.
In France, the Protestant minority was known as
Huguenots.
In Geneva, the Calvinists
imposed strict penalties for blasphemy and immoral behavior.
Following the Thirty Years; War, what country became dominant in Europe?
France
The early fifteenth century religious reformer who was burned at the stake was
John Hus.
Which of the following groups were particularly susceptible to suspicion during Europe's prolonged witchcraft craze?
Old women.
The greatest advocate of militant Catholicism was
Philip II of Spain
Mary I Tudor earned her nickname & "bloody Mary" by persecuting
Protestants.
Gustavus Adolphus, who led the Lutheran armies in the Thirty Years; War until he was killed at Lützen, was king of
Sweden.
Zwingli's interpretation of the Lord's Supper differed from Luther's in that
Zwingli said the ceremony was only symbolic and that no real transformation in the bread and wine occurred.
The Anabaptists
advocated adult baptism, and if they had been baptized as children, a second baptism.
Seventeenth-century European population
fluctuated narrowly, constrained by famines and diseases.
The importation of silver from the New World to Spain resulted in
inflation.
The Edict of Worms
made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.
The reforming religious organization of the late fifteenth century that included both clergy and laymen was
Oratory of Divine Love.
1. What was Henry VIII's primary purpose for passing the Act of Supremacy? 2. What was the primary effect of the Act of Supremacy in terms of the power of the monarchy? 3. Which of the following was an immediate result of the passing of the Act of Supremacy in 1534?
1. To assure the continuation of the Tudor Dynasty in England. 2. It merged the political and religious authority of the Monarch. 3. The establishment of the Anglican Church.
In his "philosophy of Christ" Erasmus emphasized
inner piety.
In the sixteenth century, Switzerland
was made up of thirteen cantons, under the leadership of wealthy bourgeoisie.
The Peasants War of 1524-1525
was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's divine order.
The Reformation in England under Henry VIII
was triggered by Henry's desire to annul his marriage.
The witch hunts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
were often directed against old single women
The event that eventually led to Luther's break with the church was
widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks.
The Swiss religious reformer who established the Protestant Reformation in Zurich was
Zwingli.
The northern Christian humanists
championed the study of classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church.
The Reformation affected the development of education in Europe by
expanding public access to primary schooling and improving secondary schooling through gymnasiums and ministerial training.
At its outset, the Reformation in Germany was
largely an urban phenomenon.
Luther's ideas were spread primarily through
sermons
Philip II and Spain was ultimately unable to defeat
the Dutch Republic.
Loyola was the founder of
the Society of Jesus.
Millenarianism is the belief that
the end of the world is imminent.
The Council of Trent
reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against the Reformation.
In France, the politiques were
those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion.
Which of the following are among the chief characteristics of John Calvin's reform movement?
predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God
1. The excerpt from Luther's 95 Theses best reflects Luther's efforts to 2. Which of the following was most likely the catalyst for Luther's belief on salvation as stated in the passage? 3. According to Luther's 95 Theses, how did his concept of salvation differ most from that of the Catholic Church? 4. What effect did Luther's 95 Theses have on the future of the Catholic Church?
1. reform the Catholic Church. 2. John Tetzel's speech in Wittenberg to convince he poor parishioners to purchase indulgences. 3. Luther believed that salvation came from faith alone, while the Catholic Church promoted the understanding that one could earn their way into Heaven through good deeds. 4. The Catholic Church reaffirmed the traditional Catholic Doctrine and strengthened the use of the Inquisition to root out heresy.
The religious reformer who"laid the egg that Luther hatched" was
Desiderius Erasmus.
Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief concern during his reign was
Francis I of France.
The Jesuit missionary who propagated Christianity in India, Malacca and the Moluccas, and Japan, and who died just before reaching China was
Francis Xavier.
As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648
German states were allowed to determine their religion.
Luther's pamphlet, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church,
attacked the sacramental system of the church.
The Reformation changed conceptions of the family by
extolling the superior state of marriage over celibacy.
Popular religion in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance was marked by
greater popular belief in the spiritual utility of relics and indulgences.
In Calvin's theology, leading a godly life would be evidence that you
have already been chosen to go to heaven.
The Thirty Years War
is considered by most to be part of the larger Bourbon-Habsburg struggle.
England's Queen Elizabeth could best be described as a
moderate Protestant.
Luther religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that
no amount of good works could satisfy God righteousness.
Concerning the sacraments of the Catholic Church, Luther
rejected all of them except baptism and communion, or the Lord's Supper.
The Reformation successfully abolished all of the following from the lives of Europe's Protestant community except for
taverns.
For Luther, the only sure source of truth and the only reliable path of faith, other than justification, was
the Bible.
Though Luther was condemned at the Diet of Worms, he survived because he was protected by
the Elector of Saxony.
In the Thirty Years; War, Wallenstein was a general who fought for
the Emperor Ferdinand.
In the eastern part of his empire, Charles V faced a threat to his power from
the Ottoman empire.
The Catholic Reformation's ultimate refusal to compromise with Protestantism was exemplified by
the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index.
The Religious Peace of Augsburg settled the Lutheran problem by adopting the principle that
the ruler of each territory determined the religion there.
