Evr 1001 Chapter 15
Current Events: With Coal Industry Under Pressure, Some See Long-Term Decline Part B If trends since 2012 continue, which of the following countries will use the most coal? China United States Russia India
China
Which country leads the world in coal production and consumption by extracting and consuming approximately half of the world's annual coal yield? Canada United States Russia India China
China
Current Events: When Radiation Isn't the Real Risk Part A Which of the following is true? In a typical year, all people are exposed to radiation. In a typical year, about three-quarters of all people are exposed to radiation. In a typical year, about half of all people are exposed to radiation. In a typical year, most people are not exposed to any radiation.
In a typical year, all people are exposed to radiation.
Current Events: Fracking Chemicals Detected in Pennsylvania Drinking Water Part E Which of the following currently appears to be the best option for protecting groundwater in areas where fracking is taking place? Take the cement out of intermediate casings. Increase the use of intermediate casings. Take the steel out of intermediate casings. Eliminate the use of intermediate casings.
Increase the use of intermediate casings.
Current Events: Fracking Chemicals Detected in Pennsylvania Drinking Water Part A You are a toxicologist and discover that 2BE has the same effects in humans as in rodents. What does it do to humans? It causes blindness. It causes tumors. It causes skin rashes. It has no effect.
It causes tumors.
Current Events: Indonesia Keeps Faith with Coal to Meet Growing Energy Demand Part E Which of the following is the reason the Paris Agreement had a goal of reducing the use of coal? It is too expensive to mine. It is a large emitter of greenhouse gases. It is too expensive to transport. It will be depleted in most countries by 2030.
It is a large emitter of greenhouse gases.
Of the five countries shown, ________ have essentially no domestic oil production. Iran and Saudi Arabia the United States and Germany Japan and the United States Germany and the United States Japan and Germany
Japan and Germany
What compound that results from hydraulic fracturing can contaminate groundwater? Sulfur dioxide Methane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide
Methane
Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy source? Solar energy Electricity Natural gas Ocean energy
Natural gas
Current Events: When Radiation Isn't the Real Risk Part C As of now, the Fukushima accident indicates that which of the following is most accurate when it comes to radiation exposure? Homeopathic sensitivity Homeostatic recovery Radiation hormesis Linear no-threshold model
Radiation hormesis
MapMaster 1.0: Russia - Environmental Issues Part A Polluted rivers are a major issue primarily in which part of Russia? southern Russia eastern Russia central Russia western Russia River pollution is prominent throughout Russia.
River pollution is prominent throughout Russia.
The country with the largest amount of domestic oil available for sale on the international market is ________. Saudi Arabia Germany the United States Iran Japan
Saudi Arabia
Viewpoints: Fossil Fuels Part A In his essay Ken Boyd gives his rationale for Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) oil drilling. Which of the following statements is one of his reasons? The federal government owns 64% of Alaska, and 56% of that land is official "wilderness," so ANWR is not needed as additional "wilderness." The native Inupiat Eskimo people would receive all of the oil revenue from the area. Drilling in ANWR will quadruple the amount of oil Alaska is currently producing. Ignoring domestic energy supplies will lead to greater energy security.
The federal government owns 64% of Alaska, and 56% of that land is official "wilderness," so ANWR is not needed as additional "wilderness."
Current Events: With Coal Industry Under Pressure, Some See Long-Term Decline Part C Which of the following appears most likely in the next decade? Use of coal will increase in developed and developing countries. Use of coal will decrease in developed countries and increase in developing countries. Use of coal will decrease in developed and developing countries. Use of coal will increase in developed countries and decrease in developing countries.
Use of coal will decrease in developed countries and increase in developing countries.
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART D What is the cost of conserved energy for compact fluorescent lighting? about $.02 per kilowatt-hour about $.08 per kilowatt-hour about $.12 per kilowatt-hour about 1,500 kilowatt-hours per year
about $.08 per kilowatt-hour
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART C How much energy would be saved by adding insulation to ceilings? about $0.06 per kilowatt-hour about 2,000 kilowatt-hours/year about 3,000 kilowatt-hours/year about 5,000 kilowatt-hours/year
about 2,000 kilowatt-hours/year
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART E Which of these energy investments is the least expensive to install? adding insulation to ceilings triple paned windows solar hot water heating cannot be determined from the graph
adding insulation to ceilings
Video Field Trip: Energy - Coal-Fired Power Plant Part E What color smoke coming from a coal-fired power plant would indicate wasted fuel? green white clear black red
black
Everyday Environmental Science: Coal Power Part C Once the carbon dioxide is captured from the fumes of a coal-burning power plant, something must be done with it. The option with the least environmental impact involves releasing the carbon dioxide into __________. deep underground caverns the air the oceans frozen lakes during the winter months
deep underground caverns
Which of the following is a method to gain additional power from coal? carbon storage pyrolysis hydraulic fracturing gasification
gasification
Video Field Trip: Energy - Coal-Fired Power Plant Part C Where is electricity made at a coal-fired power plant? cooling tower generator silo control room boiler
generator
MapMaster 1.0: Russia - Environmental Issues Part B What climate is most associated with acid rain? subarctic humid continental (without dry season, cool summer) midlatitude steppe polar humid continental (dry winters, cool summer)
humid continental (without dry season, cool summer)
Current Events: Indonesia Keeps Faith with Coal to Meet Growing Energy Demand Part B The future of green, renewable energy in Indonesia appears to rely the least on which of the following? geothermal wind solar hydropower
hydropower
MapMaster 1.0: Russia - Environmental Issues Part E Where is radioactive contamination primarily found in Russia? along the coasts in the tundra in areas of relatively low population density in areas of relatively high population density in remote regions
in areas of relatively high population density
The oil spill resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster ________. was quickly cleaned up, preventing loss of wildlife and damage to fisheries along the Gulf Coast resulted in a permanent ban on all offshore drilling in U.S. coastal waters eclipsed all non-point oil spills by 500% is considered a minor incident compared to other oil spills is the largest accidental oil spill in world history
is the largest accidental oil spill in world history
Scientists currently assessing the environmental impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico report that ________. the damage was limited to wildlife kills immediately after the spill Gulf productivity has already returned to normal and no further effects will be felt the entire Gulf food web will eventually collapse it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known the coastal marshes of Louisiana suffered no measurable damage
it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known
Concept Review: A Coal-fired Power Plant Moving clockwise, label the steps of energy production in this diagram of a coal-fired power plant
1. Coal is burned... 2. Heat from combustion... 3. Steam turns... 4. Magnets are moved... 5. Steam is cooled... 6. Air pollutants are... 7. Toxic ash is taken...
From which of the nations below did the United States import the most crude oil in 2012? Saudi Arabia Iran Canada Iraq Kuwait
Canada
Which of the following countries exports the most oil to the United States? Kuwait Venezuela Saudi Arabia Canada
Canada
Current Events: Indonesia Keeps Faith with Coal to Meet Growing Energy Demand Part A Which of the following is true? Indonesia uses a lot of coal in part because it has substantial coal reserves. While Indonesia uses a lot of coal, much of it is imported. Indonesia has substantial coal reserves but does not use them in country. Indonesia does not use much coal, as it must be imported.
Indonesia uses a lot of coal in part because it has substantial coal reserves.
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART H If the cost of energy rose to $.18 per kilowatt-hour, which of the following would be true? Investing in a solar hot water heating and a ground source heat pump would become cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness of all the investments would remain the same. Investing in a ground source heat pump and a gas stove would become cost-effective. Installing triple paned windows would no longer be cost-effective.
Investing in a solar hot water heating and a ground source heat pump would become cost-effective.
Video Field Trip: Energy - Coal-Fired Power Plant Part D During peak usage, what happens to the cost of electricity? It depends on the time of the year. It almost always increases. Cost of electricity always stays the same. It depends on where the power plant is located. It almost always decreases.
It almost always increases.
What does the moderator do in a nuclear fission reactor? It provides the neutrons used in the nuclear chain reaction. It slows down the neutrons so that they can react with the nucleus of a uranium atom. It absorbs excess neutrons so that the chain reaction does not get out of control. It dissolves the fuel rods so that the uranium atoms can more easily interact.
It slows down the neutrons so that they can react with the nucleus of a uranium atom.
Current Events: When Radiation Isn't the Real Risk Part D Which of the following is a problem when it comes to studying the effects of radiation? Most clinical trials on humans include manipulated data. There have been too many clinical trials on humans. Clinical trials on humans have conflicting results. There are no clinical trials being done on humans.
There are no clinical trials being done on humans.
How is the energy produced by nuclear fission used to produce electricity? The fission process produces a strong magnetic field that moves electrons through loops of copper wire, thus making electricity. The radiation is used to make plasma, which is harnessed directly for electricity. Electrons from the fission are absorbed by spools of copper wire and generate electricity. Water in the containment vessel is kept under high pressure and heat from the fission reactions that heat it to well over boiling. This is then used to boil another loop of water, which turns a turbine that drives a generator and makes electricity.
Water in the containment vessel is kept under high pressure and heat from the fission reactions that heat it to well over boiling. This is then used to boil another loop of water, which turns a turbine that drives a generator and makes electricity.
Current Events: With Coal Industry Under Pressure, Some See Long-Term Decline Part D Which of the following is least likely to fully support the U.S. Clean Power Plan? Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis World Coal Association Sierra Club President Obama
World Coal Association
Current Events: Indonesia Keeps Faith with Coal to Meet Growing Energy Demand Part D You are the CEO of a coal company in Indonesia. You commit to selling coal to the PLN through 2020. Which of the following is true? You know the highest price you will get. You know the government will not pay for the coal. You know the price will fluctuate wildly. You know the lowest price you will get.
You know the highest price you will get.
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART G How much energy would the family save by investing in all of the features that are cost-effective at the current price of energy? about $.12 per kilowatt-hour about $.13 per kilowatt-hour about 7,000 kilowatt-hours per year about 9,000 kilowatt-hours per year about 13,000 kilowatt-hours per yea
about 9,000 kilowatt-hours per year
All of the following are standard steps at a coal-fired power plant in the United States EXCEPT: carbon capture. cooling. heating. rotation of a turbine. pulverization of coal.
carbon capture.
Video Field Trip: Energy - Coal-Fired Power Plant Part A Many pollutants from coal-fired power plants are properly managed today. Which of the following is currently considered to be the biggest threat to the environment? nitrous oxide oxygen carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide methane gas
carbon dioxide
All of the following, are forms of renewable energy EXCEPT: geothermal. tidal. coal. solar
coal.
The practice of reducing wasteful or unnecessary energy use is called ________. energy conservation cogeneration energy switching energy efficiency technology reduction
energy conservation
What term describes the ability to obtain a given result while using less energy? conservation energy efficiency cogeneration CAFE standards
energy efficiency
Which of the following is a renewable energy source? oil natural gas by-products of the formation of coal and oil hydropower coal
hydropower
Organizations like OPEC have formed ________. to protect their national members' petroleum reserves for their own use to ensure that developing nations get their fair share of fossil fuels in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil as a military alliance to protect developed nations' energy reserves to develop technologies to conserve non-renewable energy resources
in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil
In the United States, per capita energy use ________, and energy intensity ________. increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; has been declining since 1970 was stable from 1950 to 1970 but has since increased sharply; has been increasing since 1950 increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; decreased from 1950 to the 1970s but has since increased has been increasing since 1950; has been declining since 1950 has been increasing since 1950; has also been increasing since 1950
increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; has been declining since 1970
Current Events: Fracking Chemicals Detected in Pennsylvania Drinking Water Part C Which of the following is true regarding 2BE? it is found in many household products. It is also approved for use as an insecticide. It has been banned in the U.S. It is used only for fracking.
it is found in many household products.
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART B The bars on the graph are not of equal width. What does the width of each bar represent? the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatts per year the cost of conserved energy for each investment, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the cost-effectiveness of each energy investment the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatt-hours per year
the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatt-hours per year
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART A What does the y-axis show? the cost of conserved energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the cost of an energy investment the current price of energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the amount of energy saved, in kilowatt-hours per year
the cost of conserved energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour
The United States and other industrialized nations devote about one-third of their oil use to __________. heating homes transportation agriculture
transportation
Interpreting Graphs and Data: Savings from Energy Conservation Investments PART F Which of the following energy investments would be cost-effective to install? gas stove triple paned windows ground source heat pump solar hot water heating
triple paned windows
Secondary extraction of petroleum ________. allows the oil to be extracted to the last drop occurs immediately after primary extraction is less expensive than primary extraction uses solvents, water, or steam causes less environmental damage than tertiary extraction
uses solvents, water, or steam
Efficiency of coal-fired power plants can be nearly doubled by ________. using cogeneration switching to oil using coal with higher sulfur content adding wood chips to the coal using household wastes along with the coal
using cogeneration
Which of the following is one of the two methods for mining oil shale? Strip mining Fire treating Surface drilling Deep-sea drilling
Strip mining
MapMaster 1.0: Russia - Environmental Issues Part C Use MapMaster to determine which natural region is most associated with poor urban air quality. steppe tundra desert and semidesert mountain taiga
steppe
First developed in the ________, nuclear power showed the most growth during the ________. 1950s; 1970s and 1980s 1940s; 1950s 1960s; 1990s 1980s; 1990s 1930s; 1950
1950s; 1970s and 1980s
What is the amount of time that it takes for the radiation in a sample of uranium-235 waste to be reduced by half? You did not open hints for this part. 10 years 500 years 1 million years 700 million years
700 million years
What is Hubbert's peak? A prediction, based on rates of extraction and new discovery, of when a country's or global oil production will be at a maximum and then start to fall A statistical maximum value that can be charged for a gallon of gas before people start buying more fuel-efficient vehicles The temperature and pressure at which the highest-quality petroleum forms The source of the world's largest anthracite coal deposit
A prediction, based on rates of extraction and new discovery, of when a country's or global oil production will be at a maximum and then start to fall
What is bitumen? A bitter form of crude oil eaten by birds A vitamin-enriched form of coal A rare form of uranium A thick type of petroleum formed in clay and sand
A thick type of petroleum formed in clay and sand
MapMaster 1.0: Russia - Environmental Issues Part D What correlation exists between acid rain and human population density in Russia? Acid rain is prevalent throughout Russia. Acid rain is not correlated with population density. Acid rain is more prevalent in regions that contain high population density. Acid rain is more prevalent in regions that contain low population density. This cannot be determined from the map.
Acid rain is more prevalent in regions that contain high population density.
Viewpoints: Fossil Fuels Part D Compare the two essays to predict how each author would respond to the other author's main argument. Wayland: Although Alaska does have other wilderness areas, ANWR is special because its Coastal Plain is low in biodiversity. Wayland: 10 billion barrels of oil may sound like a lot of oil but the oil would be so expensive to extract that our gas prices would increase immediately. Boyd: We don't need more wilderness. Most of Alaska is already wilderness. What we need is more oil. Boyd: A domestic oil supply is better for our energy security than importing foreign oil (to avoid drilling in ANWR).
Boyd: We don't need more wilderness. Most of Alaska is already wilderness. What we need is more oil.
Everyday Environmental Science: Coal Power Part A How does a coal-fired power plant use the energy in coal to produce electricity? Burning coal heats water and creates steam that turns the blades of a turbine and generates electricity. Burning coal generates light that is converted into electricity. Burning coal heats air that spins the blades of a turbine and produces electricity. Burning coal heats wires to very high temperatures, which then generate electricity.
Burning coal heats water and creates steam that turns the blades of a turbine and generates electricity.
Current Events: With Coal Industry Under Pressure, Some See Long-Term Decline Part A When generating equal amounts of energy, which of the following is true? Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning natural gas. It is unknown how much carbon dioxide would be produced if burning coal or natural gas. Burning natural gas produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as burning coal. Burning natural gas produces more carbon dioxide than burning coal.
Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning natural gas.
Viewpoints: Fossil Fuels Part B Karen Wayland discusses her rationale for not drilling in ANWR. Review the statements below to identify one of her reasons. Oil from ANWR would lower gas prices by $0.25 per gallon. The oil reserves in ANWR contain only enough oil for 10 years of U.S. oil needs. Drilling for oil would require an extensive network of roads, pipelines, and airstrips, all of which would be harmful to the ecosystem. The ANWR Coastal Plain has low biodiversity and thus needs protection.
Drilling for oil would require an extensive network of roads, pipelines, and airstrips, all of which would be harmful to the ecosystem.
Current Events: Fracking Chemicals Detected in Pennsylvania Drinking Water Part D Which of the following is most likely to support stricter federal regulations on fracking? Chesapeake Energy Corporation Independent Petroleum Association of America Energy In Depth Environmental Defense Fund
Environmental Defense Fund
Viewpoints: Fossil Fuels Part E Part of the debate about drilling for oil in ANWR centers on our national dependence on imported oil. Which of the following scenarios would decrease our foreign oil needs without using ANWR oil? Federal policy mandating increased fuel efficiency for cars and trucks Declining oil production in North Sea oil Discovery of new oil reserves in Canada An increase in vehicle miles traveled per person
Federal policy mandating increased fuel efficiency for cars and trucks
Which of the following statements accurately describes nuclear fusion reactors? Fusion reactions can fuse three isotopes of hydrogen into one helium. Fusion would be a more advanced technology if governments had provided some money for research or if attempts to develop it were more than just a few years old. Fusion reactions require very high temperatures. Nuclear fusion occurs in Earth's crust.
Fusion reactions require very high temperatures.
Current Events: When Radiation Isn't the Real Risk Part B When it comes to radiation exposure, you agree with the linear no-threshold model. What do you believe? A moderate amount of radiation is safe. No amount of radiation is safe. Any amount of radiation is safe. A small amount of radiation is safe.
No amount of radiation is safe.
What is the current status of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the United States? Technologies are not sufficiently reliable, and it is currently too energetically expensive for coal power plants to capture and store their carbon emissions. Carbon is now captured and converted to plastics at most coal power plants in the United States. The rejection of Yucca Mountain as a carbon storage site has resulted in coal power plants storing carbon on-site until a permanent storage location can be approved. Many coal power plants are currently voluntarily retrofitting their systems to capture carbon emissions. The U.S. government is currently requiring all coal power plants to institute carbon capture and storage technologies by the year 2025.
Technologies are not sufficiently reliable, and it is currently too energetically expensive for coal power plants to capture and store their carbon emissions.
Viewpoints: Fossil Fuels Part C One point of disparity between the essays concerned native Eskimos. Each author mentions only the tribe that fits with his or her point of view. Identify the correct combination of tribe and viewpoint. The Gwich'in desire oil industry jobs and income. The Inupiat support "wilderness" status for ANWR. The Inupiat are not in favor of drilling. The Gwich'in depends on caribou that live in ANWR
The Gwich'in depends on caribou that live in ANWR
Current Events: Indonesia Keeps Faith with Coal to Meet Growing Energy Demand Part C Which of the following tends to be true in Indonesia? While the government supports the use of coal, the citizens do not. Neither the citizens nor the government support the use of coal. The citizens and government support the use of coal. While the citizens support the use of coal, the government does not.
The citizens and government support the use of coal.
Current Events: Fracking Chemicals Detected in Pennsylvania Drinking Water Part B Chevron decides to frack near your home. Which of the following are they interested in obtaining? coal oil natural gas water
natural gas
Current Events: When Radiation Isn't the Real Risk Part E The results from Fukushima would be most applicable if a similar accident occurred at which of the following? nuclear waste storage facility nuclear weapons demanufacturing facility nuclear power plant nuclear weapons facility
nuclear power plant
Current Events: With Coal Industry Under Pressure, Some See Long-Term Decline Part E Which of the following is least likely to be increasingly used to generate electricity as coal-fired power plants are phased out? natural gas nuclear power oil wind power
oil
Everyday Environmental Science: Coal Power Part D One-quarter of Scotland's electricity is generated by the third-largest coal-fired power station in Europe. In just three minutes, this power plant uses __________ of coal. 4 billion tons one train car (wagon) 4 million tons 1,000 pounds
one train car (wagon)
Alaskans benefit from the trans-Alaska pipeline because Alaska's state constitution requires approximately 25% of state revenues associated with the oil industry to be placed into a monetary fund called the Permanent Fund, which ________. is used as a main source of funds to reduce environmental damage is divided equally among the politicians in the state for running their offices pays for education of native Alaskans through scholarships is used for social infrastructure, such as hospitals, roads, and schools pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents
pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents
The fact that there is a high sulfur content of the coal burned in South African power plants means that the ________. coal is very expensive, forcing most poor people to go without electricity power plants burn cleanly, with little pollution power plants emit high levels of radioactive pollution coal is very inexpensive, leading to an improved economy power plants contribute to acidic deposition
power plants contribute to acidic deposition
Crude oil is ________. usable in its raw form formed less than 100 yards below the surface; in deeper places with more pressure, coal is formed composed of less than ten different hydrocarbon molecules formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products
refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products
Video Field Trip: Energy - Coal-Fired Power Plant Part B All fossil fuels, including coal, are considered an indirect form of ____________ energy. renewable geothermal wind solar nuclear
solar
What is energy intensity? the use of LED rather than incandescent light bulbs the energy use per dollar of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the capturing of excess heat during electrical generation a measure of the reduction of wasteful or unnecessary energy use
the energy use per dollar of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
What was the primary cause of the decline in oil prices in 2016 to only one quarter of the prices in 2008? the war against ISIS energy conservation and the use of renewable technologies the oil supply glut caused by fracking a prolonged peace in the Middle East a typographical error in a Black Friday sale ad
the oil supply glut caused by fracking
Everyday Environmental Science: Coal Power Part B What environmental problem that contributes to global warming is addressed by using amine solutions to treat the fumes of a coal-burning power plant? the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere the production of acid rain the production of fine carbon particles and ash the release of heat into the atmosphere
the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
When did the use of coal for cooking, heating, and other purposes begin? with the industrial revolution thousands of years ago, by Native Americans (and other ancient cultures) in the 1700s, by people who needed cooking fuel sources
thousands of years ago, by Native Americans (and other ancient cultures)
Along with many other governmental reforms that began in 1994, the electrical plant just outside Soweto was closed in 2000, and other plants were brought into use. Some parts of Soweto were then wired for electricity. It is estimated, however, that only about 30% of the more than 1.2 million black inhabitants have electricity in their homes; the remainder either cannot afford the costs involved or live in areas that have no electrical access. These inhabitants probably use ________ for fuel. wood and coal natural gas and solar cells charcoal and candles natural gas and backyard windmills gas-powered home generators
wood and coal
