EVSC TEST 2 (Ch.7 -12)

The making of steel and aluminum products REQUIRES multiple heat cycles A True B False C True for aluminum, false for steel D True for steel, false for aluminum

A True

Which of the following does NOT maximize the AMOUNT of heat that is transferred from a hot body to a cold body? A The two bodies being liquids B The two bodies being gases C A large temperature difference D A small temperature difference

C A large temperature difference

Which of the following represent step changes in iron making A Direct iron reduction B Smelt reduction C Pyroelectrolysis D None of these represent a step change, they are incremental

D None of these represent a step change, they are incremental

There appears to be plenty of storage capacity for CO for the next 50 years at least

True

When a process reduces the cumulative yield, the embodied energy MUST increase

True

Which metal uses a higher percentage of electricity for the energy needed to make products from ore? A Aluminum B Steel C It is the same for both D Neither use any electricity in making products

A Aluminum

According to our book, by how much is the carbon dioxide from steel production expected to change from 2008 to 2050? A They will remain the same B A little less than 2x C A little more than 2x D About 3x

B A little less than 2x

For which metal is the energy used by the BAT (best available technology) closest to the minimum energy? A Aluminum B Steel C They are the same

B Steel

Which one of the following is a downside to using enhanced oil recovery as a means of CCS? A. There are few gas reserves that this can be implemented in. B. There is a possibility of very little to zero net CO2 savings because we will burn oil C. It is not technologically mature D. It could easily leak back out

B. There is a possibility of very little to zero net CO2 savings because we will burn oil

If we had solar energy system that could generate 50 W/m2, how much area would be need to generate 100,000 W? A 100 B 1000 C 2000 D 10,000

C 2000 (100,000/50=2,000)

Why is compression of CO into a liquid important in CCS? A You cannot transport gas B Safety C Reduce volume to allow more storage in a given location D Easier transport because of volume reduction

C Reduce volume to allow more storage in a given location D Easier transport because of volume reduction

What are the major challenges for renewable forms of energy to largely replace fossil fuels? A. No investments by business B. They still create CO2 C. Their need for large swaths of land that would take it out of use for agriculture D. The technologies are not currently sufficiently developed to be in use

C. Their need for large swaths of land that would take it out of use for agriculture

All of the liquid steel and aluminum made makes its way into final products

False

Coke used in blast furnaces can be completely replaced by pulverized coal.

False

Energy and Exergy are different words for the same thing A True B False

False

The typical family car today weighs less than a typical family car in 1975

False

True or False: It is possible to convert all of the input energy in an engine into work (i.e., no heat losses)

False

True or False: The fraction of liquid steel that becomes scrap is great than the fraction of liquid aluminum that becomes scrap

False

Under no circumstances does additive manufacturing reduce the amount of material needed to produce a product

False

Energy at high temperature is more useful than energy at low temperature A True B False

True

The ratio of conventional yield to additive manufacturing determines whether or not less energy is used by the use of additive manufacturing for any given material

True

Carbon Capture and Storage can occur at which of the following parts of the process of creating CO2 A Before combustion B After combustion C During combustion D After release into the upper atmosphere

A Before combustion B After combustion

Which of the following were discussed as reasonable places to store CO2 A Depleted oil and gas reservoirs B Oceans C Deep unused saline water saturated rocks D Coal seams E The oceans

A Depleted oil and gas reservoir C Deep unused saline water saturated rocks D Coal seams

Which of the following is a use of energy in the making of metallic stock products ? (select all that apply) A Increase the rate desired reactions B Reducing the amount of ore needed C Give atoms energy to rearrange D Make mechanical deformation easier to accomplish

A Increase the rate desired reactions C Give atoms energy to rearrange D Make mechanical deformation easier to accomplish

One of the challenges in diverting more scrap is the prevalence of stock products. Why are the advantages of stock products (e.g., plates, bars, wire, sheet) over creation of specialty shapes? A Stock products take advantage of the economies of scale B The same stock product can be sold to many different manufacturers C Stock products create less scrap when used to manufacture products D Stock products are the required form of materials per goverment regulations

A Stock products take advantage of the economies of scale B The same stock product can be sold to many different manufacturers

Which of following is true about the amount of energy required to make a tonne of steel A The minimum required has been the same for the more than 50 years B The amount needed by the best available technology is greater than the amount needed by the average technology C The BAT is about equal to the minimum energy needed D Future processes could be invented that make steel using less than the current value of the minumum energy

A The minimum required has been the same for the more than 50 years

Which of following is true about the amount of energy required to make a tonne of steel A The minimum required has been the same for the more than 50 years B The amount needed by the best available technology is greater than the amount needed by the average technology C The BAT is about 5x the minimum D The average energy required is about 4x the minimum

A The minimum required has been the same for the more than 50 years D The average energy required is about 4x the minimum

Why do continuous casting, endless strip production and twin roll casting save thermal cycles? A They eliminate the initial cooling of the molten metal to room temperature before the initial hot rolling B They allow the rolling to be done at room temperature C They actually DON'T save thermal cycles, just space D They capture the exergy from the furnace and use that to power the process

A They eliminate the initial cooling of the molten metal to room temperature before the initial hot rolling

Which of the following is true about the use of coke in a blast furnace: A Used to create the heat to drive the reaction to reduce iron ore B Is a product of the reaction to reduce iron ore C Protects the walls of the blast furnace D Is the source of the oxygen in the CO emitted

A Used to create the heat to drive the reaction to reduce iron ore C Protects the walls of the blast furnace

Which of the following is NOT a design approach that would reduce the mass of material in a product? A. Pick a material with the highest density B. Align the forces with the members of the structure C. If bending must occur, move as much mass away from the neutral axis as possible D. Don't overdesign

A. Pick a material with the highest density D. Don't overdesign

Which do you think has more Exergy? A 100 J of heat (e.g., a hot gas) B 100 J of electricity

B 100 J of electricity

Which of the following is NOT a reason for a thermal cycle in metal manufacturing? A Age hardening of Al alloys B Cold rolling C Tempering of steel D Annealing

B Cold rolling

Which of the following are true? A It is possible to make an engine that converts all of the energy in the fuel to work B During any process, some energy is lost as heat C Energy at a low temperature is less useful than energy at a high temperature to do work D Energy is conserved, but exergy is not

B During any process, some energy is lost as heat C Energy at a low temperature is less useful than energy at a high temperature to do work D Energy is conserved, but exergy is not

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to metal reduction by design? A Needs to meet requirements before use B Lack of design methods/approaches C Higher costs of minimized designs D Need for safety margins

B Lack of design methods/approaches

I want to make sure that I move as much heat as possible in as short of time as possible. Which of the following would be the best arrangement? A Small temperature difference between the hot and cold B Large temperature difference between the hot and cold C Hot and cold at SAME temperature (no temperature difference) D Temperature difference does not matter

B Large temperature difference between the hot and cold

Which of the following shapes can be tessalated to fully fill space A Circles B Squares C Hexagons D Stars

B Squares C Hexagons

Which has the lowest absolute minimum energy needed for its creation from ore? A Aluminum B Steel C Neither, the minimum energy's are the same D What is this "minimum energy" of which you speak?

B Steel

The absolute minimum energy needed to make steel from ore is A. < 1 GJ/ton B. Constant for all time; no process can use less energy and make steel C. > 100 GJ/ton D. It depends on the process E. None of the above

B. Constant for all time; no process can use less energy and make steel

According to the book, which of the following storage options for carbon dioxide is NOT viable and acceptable? A. Deep unmineable coal seams B. Dissolve into the ocean C. Underground in saline-water saturated reservoir rocks D. Underground in depleted oil reservoirs

B. Dissolve into the ocean

Why was the CO2 captured by Shwarze Pump in 2008 released back into the atmosphere? A. The technology to compress and liquefy the CO2 was ineffective. B. There was concern about liability if there was a leak during transport C. The government refused to allow them to transport the carbon monoxide D. It was an accident

B. There was concern about liability if there was a leak during transport

How much more than the minimum energy is needed to make steel using the best available technology today? A None - you just need the minimum energy B 50% more (1.5x) C 100% more (2x) D 200% more (3x)

C 100% more (2x)

How much more than the minimum energy is needed to make aluminum using the best available technology today? A 1x B 2x C 4x D 8x

C 4x

Which of the following methods can save >25% of global metal production, according to estimates in your book? A More efficient furnaces B CCS C Applying design principles to use less metal D Implementation of novel processes for steel and aluminum

C Applying design principles to use less metal

What is the main limitation on the use of thermoelectrics to capture waste heat and tranform it into electricity? A Cost of materials in device B Cost of fabrication of device C Efficiency of conversion D None have been commercialized

C Efficiency of conversion

What process dominates the energy used in making an aluminum can? A Hot and cold rolling B Body making and trimming C Making liquid aluminum D Coating

C Making liquid aluminum

Which of the following sequences is correct for the creation and storage of spent nuclear fuel? A Remove from reactor, place in wet storage, place in permanent repository, place in dry storage, B Remove from reactor, place in dry storage, place in wet storage, place in permanent repository C Remove from reactor, place in wet storage, place in dry storage, place in permanent repository D Place in permanent repository, place in dry storage, place in wet storage, remove from reactor

C Remove from reactor, place in wet storage, place in dry storage, place in permanent repository

What process(es) are common to all forms of carbon capture discussed? A The CO2 is capture after combustion B Carbin monoxide is a required component C The CO2 is separated from either the fuel or exhaust D After capture, the CO2 is compressed to reduce the volume to be stored

C The CO2 is separated from either the fuel or exhaust D After capture, the CO2 is compressed to reduce the volume to be stored

The largest technical challenge in the implementation of renewable energy technologies at a large scale is A The political argument concerning global warming B The lack of renewable technologies C The low energy generated per unit land occupied by the renewable technology D Current laws and regulations

C The low energy generated per unit land occupied by the renewable technology

Which of the following is NOT required as an ingredient to make iron? A iron ore B coke C pepsi D lime (not the fruit)

C pepsi

If we implement ALL of the process efficiency improvements discussed to date and achieve 90% recycling for aluminum, what do we expect the CO2 emissions rate due to aluminum manufacture to do by 2050? A. Be the same as 2007 B. Be 50% less than 2017 C. Be ~100% more than 2017 D. Be ~ 500% more than 2017

C. Be ~100% more than 2017

Which of the following is NOT a reason for having multiple thermal cycles in metal production? A. Age hardening of aluminum B. Annealing of metal after deformation C. Increasing thermal cycles reduces the amount of material required D. Equipment for different processes is in different locations/countries

C. Increasing thermal cycles reduces the amount of material required

Which of the following is NOT a reason why some machinery is always kept running? A. Some machines need time to get ready for use upon startup B. Some machines run more efficiently if they are always on C. It reduces emissions D. To be ready at any time when a part is ready to be worked

C. It reduces emissions

Processes like twin roll casting and continuous casting are more energy efficient than having separate stations of casting and hot rolling due to: A. The chemical reaction of the ore and coke requires less energy B. The electrolysis used on the steel produces less CO2 C. The removal of the cooling and reheating between casting and hot rolling D. The steel used requires less heat to melt

C. The removal of the cooling and reheating between casting and hot rolling

Which of the following is not a barrier to diverting scrap? A Designs of current manufacturing systems prioritize moving scrap out of the way B Unclear size of customer base for the scrap C Poor methods to separate alloys from one another D All of these are barriers

D All of these are barriers

The largest technical hurdle for increased use of nuclear energy is A Political disagreement B Fossil fuel industry C Newness of technology D Disposal of waste

D Disposal of waste

Which of the following represents a step change in the production of aluminum? A Reduced electrode spacing B Inert anodes C Carbothermic reduction D None of these

D None of these

What step dominates the energy use in the making of steel car door panel? A Painting B Hot rolling C Cold rolling D Production of liquid metal

D Production of liquid metal

Which of the following represents a step change in iron making A. Smelt reduction B. Direct iron reduction C. Pyroelectrolysis D. None of the above

D. None of the above

True or False: All of the novel processes we discussed for steel will save energy in the making of steel

False

True or False: The extent to which the novel processes for steel will reduce emissions depends on the amount of CO2 created from the energy used to power them

True

True or False: We are running out of room for storage of spent nuclear fuel at reactors

True