EXAM 1 Analysis of movement

Which of the following terms is defined as the rate of change in velocity? Momentum Acceleration Inertia Impulse

Acceleration

Which of the following statements is true about circumduction? Question 4 options: Combines only flexion and extension Synonymous with rotation Combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction Occurs only in one joint

Combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Which type of contraction occurs in the elbow flexors during the upward phase of a weighted biceps curl? Question 18 options: Isokinetic Eccentric Isometric Concentric

Concentric

Antagonist muscles are known as prime or primary movers and are most involved in a joint action. :TrueFalse

False

The frontal plane divides the body into _____. right and left halves medial and lateral halves top and bottom halves front and back halves

Front and back halves

Which of the following is not a true statement of isokinetic exercise? :The speed or velocity of movement is constant .Muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement. It is not another type or classification of muscle contraction. It can only be performed on machines such as Biodex, Cybex, and Lido.

Muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement.

Bone is composed of all of the following EXCEPT _____. : calcium phosphorus water protein

Protein

Elbow extension takes place in the _____ plane.

Sagittal plane

Which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction? Pronation Scaption Supination Circumduction

Supination: ankle foot movement

Which of the following is a true statement about synergist muscles? They assist in the actions of antagonists. They are always considered to be prime movers for a muscular action. They are also known as guiding muscles. They assist in refined movement and cause undesired motions.

They are also known as guiding muscles.

Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a lever? options: Move the resistance closer to the axis Apply the force farther from the axis Decrease the amount of resistance All of the answers are correct

all correct

If the _____ plane runs from medial to lateral, then its axis must run from front to back. frontal transverse sagittal longitudinal

frontal

Which of the following is NOT a function performed by the skeletal system? : Support to maintain posture Storage of minerals Production of heat Protection of internal organs

production of heat

Bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them. TrueFalse

true

Diagonal abduction is movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body. :TrueFalse

true

Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm is called _____. options: radial flexion ulnar flexion volar flexion palmar flexion

ulnar flexion

Movements in the transverse plane occur around the _____ axis. :mediolateral anteroposterior vertical horizontal

vertical

Which of the following is a true statement about stabilizer muscles? They are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements. They are also known as guiding muscles. They are located opposite a joint or body part. They contract to unlock the joint to enable another limb or body segment to exert force and/or move.

They are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements

Which of the following is not a true statement about antagonist muscles? They work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement .They are also known as contralateral muscles .They are typically located on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist muscles. They have the opposite concentric action from agonists when activated.

They work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement

Abduction is an example of movement in a coronal plane about an anteroposterior axis. TrueFalse

True

Bones continue to grow longitudinally as long as the epiphyseal plates are open. TrueFalse

True

Diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints. TrueFalse

True

Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath. TrueFalse

True

Typical bony features include diaphysis, epiphysis, and articular cartilage. :TrueFalse

True

When performing a isometric contraction the force being produced by the muscle must be equal to the resistance. TrueFalse

True

All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic. TrueFalse

True: Isokinetic is not a natural movement

Movements in the transverse plane occur around the _____ axis. mediolateral anteroposterior horizontal vertical

Vertical

Abduction takes place around the _____ axis. :longitudinal mediolateral anteroposterior horizontal

anteroposterior

The _____ is the point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions.

center of gravity

Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine is called _____. :reduction pronation retraction protraction

protraction (extension of a body part)

Isotonic contractions are classified as concentric or eccentric on the basis of whether shortening or lengthening of the muscle occurs. TrueFalse

true

Linear displacement is the distance a system moves in a straight line : TrueFalse

true

Linear displacement is the distance a system moves in a straight line. TrueFalse

true

Muscles are the main internal source of force that produces or changes movement of a body segment or an entire body. TrueFalse

true

The two major types of fiber arrangements are parallel and pennate. options:TrueFalse

true

When performing a concentric contraction the force being produced by the muscle must be greater than the resistance. TrueFalse

true

Which of the following statements is true about velocity? :It is the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time .It is the rate at which an object changes its position. It is independent of the rate of displacement. It is inversely proportional to how fast an object is moving.

.It is the rate at which an object changes its position.

Lowering the arm to the side or the thigh back to the anatomical position is an example of _____. :extension abduction adduction circumduction

Adduction (movement of a limb or other part toward the midline of the body or toward another part.)

Which of the following is not true of concentric muscle contractions?options: A muscle develops active tension as it shortens. Contractions occur when a muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance. Contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance. Concentric muscle contractions are commonly described as being a negative type of contraction.

Concentric muscle contractions are commonly described as being a negative type of contraction.

What term is used to describe the movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane? :Plantar flexion Extension Flexion Dorsiflexion

Dorsiflexion

Which type of contraction occurs in the elbow extensors during the downward phase of a weighted biceps curl? Question 14 options: Isokinetic Eccentric Concentric Isometric

Eccentric

Cancellous bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress, but less strain, than cortical bone. :TrueFalse

False

Contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated. TrueFalse

False

During the process of bone remodeling, osteoblasts resorb existing bone and osteoclasts form new bone. TrueFalse

False

Epiphyseal plates generally close by age 14, but some may be present until age 18. TrueFalse

False

Fusiform muscle fiber arrangement results in a circular pattern. TrueFalse

False

It is not possible for a muscle to cause more than one action in an associated joint. TrueFalse

False

Ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when actively contracting. options:TrueFalse

False

Synergist muscles are considered to be the primary movers during activities. TrueFalse

False

Angular displacement is the change in the location of a linearly moving body. True False

False- change in location of a rotating body

Mass is the effect of gravity on the amount of matter in a body. TrueFalse

False- just amount of matter in the body

Velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time. :TrueFalse

False: defines speed not velocity

Kinematics is concerned with the description of motion and includes consideration of each of the following EXCEPT: time. displacement. velocity force

Force

Match plane with Axis Frontal Plane: Sagital plane Transverse plane

Frontal plane: Sagittal axis Sagittal plane : Frontal Axis Transverse plane: Longitudinal / Vertical axis

Which of the following terms refers to the tendency for the current state of motion to be maintained, whether a body segment is moving at a particular velocity or is motionless? Torque Balance Inertia Momentum

Inertia

Which of the following is an example of a transverse plane movement? Abduction of the left transverse tarsal joint Extension of the left toes internal rotation of the right shoulder Plantar flexion of the ankle

Internal rotation of shoulder

Match the action to the plane of movement in which it occurs Knee extension Hip internal rotation Glenohumeral horizontal adduction Ankle Inversion Lumbar Lateral Flexion 1.sagittal plane 2.transverse plane 3.frontal plane

Knee extension: flexion/extension in the sagittal plane Hip Internal rotation: Transverse (rotation) Glenohumeral horizontal adduction: Transverse (across the body, shoulder) Ankle Inversion: Frontal (left towards midline) Lumbar Lateral Flexion Frontal (torso lean L/R)