Exam 1- Human Physiology & Anatomy Practice Exam

The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons and the outermostshell holds up to ___________.

2,8

If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

positive

The nucleus of an atoms consists of

protons & neutrons

The ankle is _____ to the toes.

proximal

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, anda(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whoseactivity has an effect on the same stimulus.

receptor; control center (integrating center); effector

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

sagittal

Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?

supporting connective

The reactions N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 is an example of a(n)

synthesis reaction

As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containingthe anticodon. This molecule is called

tRNA

In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with

water, causing decomposition

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

UAG

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with theproduct?

apocrine

Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support?

connective tissue

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be

edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm

Ionic bonds are formed when

electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

________ secrete hormones and prohormones in the interstitial fluid, which later enters blood.

endocrine glands

Which of the following produces majority of the ATP for the cell?

mitochondria

If a response decreases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ____ feedback system.

negative

The center of an atom is called the

nucleus

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the

outermost electron shell

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous what?

perichondrium

Which of the following organelles neutralizes toxic compound during cell metabolism?

peroxisome

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

centrioles

The enzyme ____is required for the synthesis of mRNA

RNA polymerase

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.

anatomical

Explain the link between anatomy and physiology

anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures; physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions

In an aqueous solution, cations are attracted toward

anions

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it

cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand

Providing strength and moving materials within the cell is a function of the filaments and ____

cytoskeleton

Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body?

epithelial tissue

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called

homeostasis

Which type of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea?

hyaline cartilage

Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called ________growth.

interstitial

A molecule of ______ contains all the codons needed to produce a particular polypeptide.

mRNA

The body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ________ epithelium.

simple squamous

If one pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a ____ occurs.

single polar covalent bond

________ are transmembrane proteins that connect two cell membranes together.

tight junctions