Exam 1

______ therapy is a procedure that involves opening the uterus during pregnancy, performing a surgery, and replacing the fetus in the uterus.

Intrauterine

_____, or irregular, acyclic uterine bleeding, is the most frequent clinical manifestation of women with endometrial polyps.

Metrorrhagia

_____ is the measure of prevalence of a specific illness in a population at a particular time.

Morbidity

What are the tx options for endometrial cancer?

tx depends on stage of disease and usually involves surgery w/ adjunct therapy based on pathological findings. Surgery w/ removal of uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Radiation and chemotherapy, routine surveillance, intervals for follow up care typically every 3-4 mo. first 2 years.

bleeding b/w periods

metrorrhagia

Oral contraceptives (OC), called ____ contain only progestin and work primarily by thickening the cervical mucus to prevent penetration of the sperm and make the endometrium unfavorable for implantation.

minipills

Stage 1 endometrial cancer affect what organ?

muscle wall of the uterus

Primary _____ involves avoiding the disease or condition before it occurs through health-promotion activities, environmental protection, and specific protection against disease or injury.

prevention

It maintains the uterine decidual lining and reduces uterine contractions, allowing pregnancy to be maintained.

progesterone.

Uterine _____ occurs when the uterus descends through the pelvic floor and into the vaginal canal.

prolapse

In the male, the _____ gland lies just under the bladder in the pelvis and surrounds the middle portion of the urethra.

prostate.

_____ ultrasound is used to distinguish fluid-filled ovarian cysts from a solid mass.

transvaginal

What is a birthing center?

Provides a cross b/w a home and a hospital birth. It offers a homelike setting with close proximity to a hospital in case of complications. Midwives often are the sole care providers in freestanding birthing centers, with obstetricians as backups in case of emergencies. Birthing centers usually have fewer restrictions and guidelines for families to follow and allow for more freedom in making laboring decisions. They aim to provide a relaxing home environment and promote a culture of normalcy.

Describe the nurse's response when Susan asks how long her cycles will last.

The nurse should inform Susan that cycles vary in frequency from 21 to 36 days; bleeding lasts 3 to 8 days; blood loss averages 20-80 mL; the average cycle is 28 days long, but this varies; and irregular menses can be associated with irregular ovulation, stress, disease, and hormonal imbalances.

A client has undergone an abdominal hysterectomy to remove uterine fibroids. Which of the following interventions should a nurse perform as a part of the postoperative care for the client? Select all that apply. a) administer analgesics promptly and use a PCA pump b) avoid pillows and changing positions frequently c) avoid intake of excess carbonated beverages in the diet d) frequent ambulation e) administer antiemetics to control nausea and vomiting.

a) administer analgesics promptly and use a PCA pump d) frequent ambulation e) administer antiemetics to control nausea and vomiting.

Which of the following risk factors are associated with vaginal cancer? Select all that apply. a) advancing age b) HIV infection c) persistent ovulation over time d) smoking e) hormone replacement therapy for more than 10 years

a) advancing age b) HIV infection d) smoking

A nurse is assessing a 45 yo client for uterine fibroids. Which of the following are the predisposing factors for uterine fibroids? select all that apply. a) age b) nulliparity c) smoking d) obesity e) hyperinsulinemia

a) age b) nulliparity d) obesity

What is a key element when providing family-centered care? a) communicating specific health info. b) being in control of the way care is given. c) giving only the health info that is absolutely necessary while providing care to the client and his or her family.. d) avoid cultural issues by providing care in a standardized fashion.

a) communicating specific health info. key elements in the provision of family-centered care include demonstrating interpersonal sensitivity, providing general health info and being a valuable resource, communicating specific health info, and treating people respectfully. Giving as much control as possible to the client and their family is essential in family-centered care. Give all the health information, both good and bad, that the client or their family request. Be culturally sensitive to your client and their family.

A nurse is caring for a female client w/ urinary incontinence. WHich of the following instructions should the nurse include in the clients teaching plan to reduce the incidence or severity of incontinence? Select all that apply. a) continue pelvic floor exercises b) increase fiber in the diet c) increase intake of OJ d) control blood glucose levels e) wipe back to front

a) continue pelvic floor exercises b) increase fiber in the diet d) control blood glucose levels

A client would like some info about the use of cervical caps. which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan of this client? Select all that apply. a) inspect the cervical cap before insertion b) apply spermicide to the rim of the cervical cap c) wait for 30 minutes after insertion before engaging in intercourse d) remove the cervical cap immediately after intercourse e)dont use the cervical cap during menses.

a) inspect the cervical cap before insertion c) wait for 30 minutes after insertion before engaging in intercourse e)dont use the cervical cap during menses.

A 52 yo client is seeking tx for menopause. She is not very active and has a hx of cardiac problems. WHich of the following therapy options should the nurse recognize as contraindicated for this client? a) long hormone replacement therapy b) selective estrogen receptor modulators c) lipid-lowering agents d) bisphosphonates

a) long hormone replacement therapy

the endometrial biopsy of a client revels cancerous cells, and the primary health care provider has diagnosed it as endometrial cancer. Which of the following are responsibilities of the nurse as part of the tx of the client? select all that apply. a) make sure the client understands all the available tx options. b) inform the client that changes in sexuality are normal and need not to be reported. c) inform the client about the possible advantages of support groups. d) offer the family explanations and emotional support throughout the tx. e) inform the client that follow-up care is not required unless something unusual occurs.

a) make sure the client understands all the available tx options. c) inform the client about the possible advantages of support groups. d) offer the family explanations and emotional support throughout the tx.

A client has opted to use an intrauterine device for contraception. WHicih of the following effects of the device on monthly periods should the nurse inform the client about? a) periods become lighter b) periods become more painful c) periods become longer d) periods reduce in number

a) periods become lighter

A nurse is screening an elderly client for prostate cancer. What are the effects of aging on the prostate gland? a) prostate gland enlarges with age b) production of semen stops c) prostate gland stops functioning d) prostate gland causes painful erection

a) prostate gland enlarges with age

A client presents for a routine check-up at a local health care center. One of the clients distant relatives died of ovarian cancer, and the client wants to know about measures that can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. About which of the following measures to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer should the nurse inform the client? a) provide genetic counseling and thorough assessment. b) instruct the client to avoid use of oral contraceptives c) instruct the client to avoid breastfeeding d) instruct the client to use perineal talc or hygiene sprays.

a) provide genetic counseling and thorough assessment.

The nurse is striving to form a partnership with the family of a medically fragile child being cared for at home. Which of the following activities is part off family-centered home care? a) recognizing unique family strengths. b) ensuring a safe, nurturing environment. c) managing info given to parents. d) correcting inadequate coping methods.

a) recognizing unique family strengths. recognizing family strengths and individually is a key element of family-centered home care. Ensuring safe, nurturing environment is part of the assessment process prior to preparing the nursing plan of care. Info should be shared completely and openly with parents, not "managed." The nurse should respect different methods of coping rather than correcting them.

A group of nurses are running a campaign initiated by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau to educate women about better maternal and infant care. Which of the following measures should they advocate for the prevention of neural defects in infants a) take folic acid supplements. b) take vitamin E supplements. c) perform mild exercises during pregnancy d) regularly eat citrus fruits during pregnancy

a) take folic acid supplements. the nurses should advocate adequate intake of folic acid supplements during pregnancy to reduce the prevalence of neural defects in infants. Taking vitamin E supplements, engaging in mild exercises during pregnancy, and regularly consuming citrus fruits are healthy habits for the mother and infant, but they don't reduce the risk of developing neural defects among infants.

A client with large uterine fibroids is scheduled to undergo a hysterectomy. WHich of the following interventions should the nurse perform as a part of the preoperative care for the client? a) teaching turning, deep breathing, and coughing. b) instruct the client to reduce activity level c) educate the client on the need for pelvic rest d) instruct the client to avoid a high fat diet.

a) teaching turning, deep breathing, and coughing.

A nurse is educating a 25 y.o. client with a family hx of cervical cancer. Which of the following tests should the nurse inform the client about to detect cervical cancer at an early stage? a)papanicolaou test b) blood tests for mutations in the BRCA c)CA-125 d) transvaginal ultrasound

a)papanicolaou test

When working in a local community health care center, a nurse is frequently asked about cervical cancer and ways to prevent it. Which of the following should be included in the info provided by the nurse? select all that apply. a) encourage the use of IUD for contraception. b) encourage cessation of smoking and drinking c) encourage prevention of STIs to reduce risk factors d) avoid stress and high blood pressure e) counsel teenagers to avoid early sexual activity

b) encourage cessation of smoking and drinking c) encourage prevention of STIs to reduce risk factors e) counsel teenagers to avoid early sexual activity

A nurse is caring for a client for whom estrogen replacement therapy has been recommended for pelvic organ prolapse. Which of the following is the most appropriate nsg intervention the nurse should implement before the start of the therapy? a) discuss the effective dose of estrogen require to treat the client. b) evaluate the client to validate her risk for complications c) discuss the dietary modifications following therapy. d) discuss the cost of estrogen replacement therapy.

b) evaluate the client to validate her risk for complications

The nurse is caring for a client with end stage breast cancer. When she takes chemotherapy medication into the client's room, the client states, "I'm too tired to fight any more. I don't want any more medication that may prolong my life." The client's husband is at the bedside and states, "No! You have to give my wife her medication. I cant let her go." What action by the nurse is most appropriate? a) giving the medication. b) explaining to the husband that his wife has the right to refuse medication and care. c) encouraging the client to heed her husbands wishes. d) Stating that she has to give the medication unless the doctor orders the medication stopped.

b) explaining to the husband that his wife has the right to refuse medication and care. Clients have the right to refuse medical tx, based on the American Hospital Association's Bill of Rights. The nurse needs to heed to the clients wishes and not give the medication.

A nurse is assigned to take care of a high-risk newborn in the home environment after discharge. Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in the infant? a) anencephaly b) hydrocephalus c) fetal distress syndrome d) spina bifida

b) hydrocephalus the nurse should monitor for the incidence of hydrocephalus in the high-risk newborn. Hydrocephalus along with conditions such as cerebral palsy, retinopathy, and ongoing oxygen dependency, is likely to persist after discharge in a high risk newborn. Anencephaly and fetal distress syndrome are not conditions that persist after discharge. Spina bifida is most often noted at birth and wouldn't to need to be assessed for by the nurse.

The nurse is instructing a client with dysmenorrhea on how to manage her symptoms. Which of the following should the nurse include in teaching plan? Select all that apply. a) increase intake of salty foods b) increase water consumption c) avoid keeping legs elevated while lying down d) use heating pads or take warm baths e) increase exercise and physical activity

b) increase water consumption d) use heating pads or take warm baths e) increase exercise and physical activity

A nurse is conducting a session on education about cancers of the reproductive tract and is explaining the importance of visiting a health care professional if certain unusual symptoms may appear. Which of the following should the nurse include in her list of symptoms that merit a visit to a health care professional for further evaluation? select all that apply. a) irregular bowel movements b) irregular vaginal bleeding c) increase in urinary frequency d) persistent low backache not related to standing e) elevated or discolored vulvar lesions

b) irregular vaginal bleeding d) persistent low backache not related to standing e) elevated or discolored vulvar lesions

A nurse is caring for a critically ill female client who has recently been diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. Which of the following reasons could have contributed to the late detection and diagnosis? a) women have a stronger resistance against lung cancer. b) lung cancer has no early symptoms. c) Lung cancer is considered more deadly in men than in women. d) lung cancer is more challenging to diagnose in women than in men.

b) lung cancer has no early symptoms. Lung cancer has no early symptoms , making its early detection almost impossible. Lung cancer is equally fatal for both men and women; it is not more deadly for men. Women do not have a stronger resistance to lung cancer. It is the most common cancer in women due to the increasing frequency of smoking. Although the early detection of lung cancer is very difficult, it's diagnosis is not more challenging in women than in men.

The nurse has to prepare a discharge plan as a part of her postpartum care of a client, whom she is caring for in home-based setting. Which of the following aspects of care should the nurse include in her postpartum care in this environment? a) provide the client with self-help books about infant care. b) monitor the physical and emotional well being of family members. c) recognize infant needs in the discharge plan. d) identify developing complications in the infant.

b) monitor the physical and emotional well being of family members. The nurse should include the monitoring of the physical and emotional well-being of the client's family members as part of her postpartum care in the home environment. The nurse should provide hands on experience in infant care instead of providing self-help books to the client. The nurse should include parental needs along with the infant needs and focus on each of its areas while preparing her discharge plan, as the nurse should ID potential or developing complications not only in the infant.

A client is trying to have a baby and wants to know the best time to have intercourse to increase the chances of pregnancy. Which of the following is the ideal time for intercourse, to help her chances in concieving? a) a week after ovulation. b) one or 2 days before ovulation. c) anytime after ovulation. d) anytime during the week before ovulation.

b) one or 2 days before ovulation

Given below, in random order, are steps occurring during diaphragm insertion. Write the correct sequence. a) Hold the diaphragm b/w the thumb and fingers and compress it to form a "figure-eight" shape. b) place a tbsp of spermicidal jelly or cream in the dome and around the rim of the diaphragm c) select the position that is most comfortable for insertion. d) tuck the front rim of the diaphragm behind the pubic bone so that the rubber hugs the front wall of the vagina. e) insert the diaphragm into the vagina, directing it downward as far as it will go.

b) place a tbsp of spermicidal jelly or cream in the dome and around the rim of the diaphragm c) select the position that is most comfortable for insertion. a) Hold the diaphragm b/w the thumb and fingers and compress it to form a "figure-eight" shape. e) insert the diaphragm into the vagina, directing it downward as far as it will go. d) tuck the front rim of the diaphragm behind the pubic bone so that the rubber hugs the front wall of the vagina.

Nurses play important roles in a variety of community settings. Which of the following goals is common to all community settings? a) remove or minimize health barriers to learning. b) promote the health of a specific group of clients. c) determine initially the type of care a client needs. d) ensure the health and well-being of women and their families.

b) promote the health of a specific group of clients. promoting the health and safety of a group of clients is a common goal of nurses in all community settings. Removing health barriers to learning is the community nurse's goal. Determining the type of care a client needs is the goal of telephone triage. Ensuring the health and well-being of women and their families is a goal of family-centered home care.

The results of a pap smear test have been classified as atypical squamous cells w/ possible HSIL (ASC-H) as per the 2001 Bethesda system. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the results? a) repeat the pap smear in 4-6 mo or refer for a colposcopy b) refer for a colposcopy w/out HPV testing c) immediate colposcopy; follow-up is based on the results of the findings. d) no need for any further Pap smear screenings.

b) refer for a colposcopy w/out HPV testing

A nurse is caring for a 45 yo client using a pessary to help decrease leakage of urine and support a prolapsed vagina. Which of the following is the most common recommendation a nurse should provide to the client regarding pessary care? a) douche vaginal area with diluted vinegar or hydrogen peroxide b) remove the pessary twice weekly and clean it with soap and water c) use estrogen cream to make the vaginal mucosa more resistant to erosion d) remove the pessary before sleeping or intercourse

b) remove the pessary twice weekly and clean it with soap and water

A client asks the nurse how she would know if ovulation has occurred. Which of the following is a sign of ovulation that the nurse should inform the client about? a) pain in the vaginal area b) rise in temp by 0.5 to 1 degrees F c) uneasiness or sickness d) lack of sleep

b) rise in temp by 0.5 to 1 degrees F

A pregnant client arrives at the maternity clinic for a routine check-up. The client has been reading books on pregnancy and wants to know ways to prevent the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in her fetus. Which of the following should the nurse offer the client to prevent the occurrence of NTDs? a) take vitamin E supplements b) take folic acid supplements c) consume legumes frequently d) consume citrus fruits frequently

b) take folic acid supplements. The nurse should instruct the client to take folic acid supplements, as consumption of folic acid supplements reduces the risk of developing NTDs in the growing fetus. Taking vitamin E supplements and consuming legumes and citrus fruits regularly during pregnancy dont reduce the risk of developing NTDs.

When caring for a client with reproductive issues, the nurse is required to clear up misconceptions. This enables new learning to take hold and a better client response to whichever methods are explored and ultimately selected. Which of the following are misconceptions that the nurse needs to clear up? select all that apply. a) breastfeeding doesnt protect against pregnancy b) taking birth control pills protects against STIs c) douching after sex will prevent pregnancy d) pregnancy can occur during menses e)irregular menstruation prevents pregnancy

b) taking birth control pills protects against STIs c) douching after sex will prevent pregnancy e)irregular menstruation prevents pregnancy

A nurse is teaching a female client about fertility awareness as a method of contraception. Which of the following should the nurse mention as an assumption for this method? a) sperm can live up to 24 hours alive b) the "unsafe period" is approximately 6 days c) the exact time of ovulation can be determined d) the "safe period" is 3 days after ovulation

b) the "unsafe period" is approximately 6 days

A 65 y.o. client presents at a local community health center for a routine check-up. While obtaining her medical hx, the nurse learns that the client had her menarche when she was 13 y.o. She experienced menopause at 51. She is b/w 5-10 lb underweight but is otherwise in good physical condition. The nurse should inform the client of which of the following factors that increase the client's risk of getting ovarian cancer? a) The client's age at menarche b) the client's present age c) the client's age at menopause d) the client's weight

b) the client's present age

Which of the following statements best expresses the role of the corpus luteum? a) the corpus luteum promotes the increased production of estrogen before ovulation. b) the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to promote preparation of the endometrium for implantation. c) during the luteal phase, the corpus luteum secretes glycogen. d) increasing amounts of cervical mucus are produced as a result of LH produced by the corpus luteum.

b) the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to promote preparation of the endometrium for implantation.

a client has been referred for a colposcopy by the physician. The client wants to know more about the exam. Which of the following info regarding a colposcopy should the nurse give the client? a) client may feel pain in the vaginal area during the exam b) the test is conducted bc of abnormal results in pap smears c) intercourse should be avoided for at least a week afterward d) client may experience pain during urination for a week following the test.

b) the test is conducted bc of abnormal results in pap smears

A nurse is caring for a client who has given birth. The client reports that her breast milk is dark yellow. Which of the following info should the nurse give to the client regarding the situation? a) modify diet to reduce excess fat intake b) the yellow fluid is colostrum and rich in maternal antibodies c) breastfeeding should be avoided until the breast milk becomes normal. d) completely stop breastfeeding and use formula instead.

b) the yellow fluid is colostrum and is rich in maternal antibodies.

Kegel exercises are recommended for a client with pelvic organ prolapse. Which of the following should the nurse inform the client about the exercises? a) they should be performed after food intake b) they alleviate mild prolapse symptoms c) they aren't recommended after surgery d) they increase BP

b) they alleviate mild prolapse symptoms

A nurse is explaining the menstrual cycle to a 12 yo client who has experience menarche. Which of the following should the nurse tell the client? a) an average cycle length is about 15 to 20 days b) ovary contains 400000 follicles at birth c) duration of the flow is about 3 to 7 days d) blood loss averages 120 to 150 mL

c) duration of the flow is about 3 to 7 days.

It is important to be able to measure the health status of a group of people or a nation so that the number of people who die prematurely will decrease over time. How does the U.S. measure the health status of its people? a) tracks the incidence of violent crime. b) examines health disparities b/w ethnic groups. c) examines mortality and morbidity rates. d) identifies specific national health goals related to maternal and infant health.

c) examines mortality and morbidity rates. a traditional method used in this country to measure health is to examine mortality and morbidity data. Information is collected and analyzed to provide an objective description of the nations health. Tracking the incidence of violent crime doesn't give information on the health status of this country; neither does examining health disparities b/w ethnic groups or identifying specific national goals related to maternal and infant care without acting on the information.

A client has been following the conventional 28 day regimen for contraception. she is now considering switching to an extended OC regimen. She is seeking info about specific safety precautions. Which of the following is true for the extended OC regimen? a) its not as effective as the conventional regimen b) it prevents pregnancy for 3 months at a time. c) it carries the same safety profile as the 28 day regimen. d) it doesn't ensure restoration of fertility discontinued.

c) it carries the same safety profile as the 28 day regimen.

A client complains of pain on one side of the abdomen. On further questioning, the nurse discovers that the pain occurs regularly around 2 weeks before menstruation. The client has not missed a period, and she exercises regularly. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pain? a) early signs of pregnancy b) irregular menstruation cycle c) pain during ovulation d) exercising regularly

c) pain during ovulation

A 40 yo client arrives at the community health center experiencing a strange dragging feeling in the vagina. She stated that "at times it feels as if there is a lump" there as well. Which of the conditions may be indication of these symptoms. a) urinary incontinence b) endocervical polyps c) pelvic organ prolapse d) uterine fibroids

c) pelvic organ prolapse

A nurse is caring for a 31 y.o. pregnant client who is subjected to abuse by her partner. The client has developed a feeling of hopelessness and doesn't feel confident in dealing with the situation at home, which makes her feel suicidal. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse offer to help the client deal with her situation? a) Counsel the client's partner to refrain from subjecting his partner to abuse. b) help the client understand the legal impact of her situation to protect her. c) provide emotional support to empower the client to help herself. d) introduce the client to a women's right group.

c) provide emotional support to empower the client to help herself. in cases of abuse and violence, nurses can serve their clients best by not trying to rescue them but by helping them build on their strengths, providing support, and empowering them to help themselves. Counseling the clients partner against abuse, helping the client know the legal impact of her situation, and introducing the client to a women's rights group to garner support are not the best ways of serving the client.

the nurse is caring for a laboring client for the Asian decent. The client appears to closely follow traditional cultural behaviors. Which of the following behaviors is most likely to be noted by the nurse? a) the women is stoic during intense contractions, showing little emotions. b) the woman reports a desire to have her extended family present during the labor and delivery. c) the woman defers to her husband during interactions. d) the woman wishes to labor unclothed.

c) the woman defers to her husband during interactions. These behaviors most associated with traditional Asian culture include a female deference to men. Asian women traditionally express feeling openly during the labor. There is a desire for privacy, making the request for additional family members present during delivery or wishing to be unclothed during labor unlikely.

A 49 yo client who is in the perimenopausal phase of life reports to the nurse a loss of lubrication during intercourse, which she feels is hampering her sex life. Which of the following responses is appropriate for the nurse? a) don't worry! this is a normal process of aging. b) have you considered contacting a support group for women your age? c) you can manage the condition by using OTC moisturizers or lubricants d) all you need is a positive outlook and a supportive partner.

c) you can manage the condition by using OTC moisturizers or lubricants

Myomectomy is recommended to a client for removal of uterine fibroids. The client is concerned about the surgery and wants to know if there are any disadvantages of myomectomy? a) fertility is jeopardized b) uterus is scarred and adhesions may form c) uterine walls are weakened d) fibroids may grow back

d) fibroids may grow back

A client is to be examined for the presence and extent of endometriosis. Which of the following tests should the nurse prepare the client for? a) tissue biopsy b) hysterosalpingogram c) climiphene citrate challenge test d) laparoscopy

d) laparoscopy

A nurse is caring for a client who wishes to undergo an abortion. The nurse has concerns because abortion is against her personal convictions, and this is interfering with her professional duty. Which of the following should the nurse do to follow American Nurses Association (ANA) code of ethics for nurses? a)Provide emotional support to the client while caring for her. b) Not allow her personal convictions to interfere with her profession. c) Involve the client's family in convincing the client against an abortion. d) Make arrangements for alternate care providers.

d) make arrangements for alternate care providers. According to ANAs code of ethics, the nurse could make arrangements for alternate care providers for a client undergoing an abortion, if the nurse ethically opposes the procedure. Nurses need to make their values and beliefs known to their managers before the situation occurs so that alternate staffing arrangement can be made. Under the ANA code of ethics for nurses, the nurse need not provide emotional support to the client nor should he or she involve the client's family in convincing the client against an abortion.

A female client who has just been given birth arrives in a health care facility wanting to know of ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? a) drape the infant in warm clothes. b) feed a mixture of salts, sugars, and water.. c) Provide very soft bedding. d) Place the infant on his or her back to sleep.

d) place the infant on his or her back to sleep. the nurse should instruct the client to place her infant on his or her back to sleep to prevent SIDS. Draping the infant in warm clothes, providing very soft bedding, or feeding a mixture of salt, sugar, and water will not prevent SIDS in the infant.

Given below, in random order, are steps occurring during cervical cap insertion. Write the correct sequence. a) pinch the sides of the cervical cap together. b) use one finger to feel around the entire circumference to make sure there are no gaps b/w the cap rim and the cervix. c) pinch the cap dome and tug gently to check for evidence of suction. d) insert the cervical cap into the vagina and place over the cervix. e) compress the cervical cap dome.

e) compress the cervical cap dome. a) pinch the sides of the cervical cap together. d) insert the cervical cap into the vagina and place over the cervix. b) use one finger to feel around the entire circumference to make sure there are no gaps b/w the cap rim and the cervix. c) pinch the cap dome and tug gently to check for evidence of suction.

Place the steps needed when providing education to pts and families in order of occurrence below. a. intervening to enhance learning. b. planning education. c. evaluating learning. d. documenting teaching and learning e. assessing teaching and learning needs.

e. assessing teaching and learning needs. b. planning education. a. intervening to enhance learning. c. evaluating learning. d. documenting teaching and learning.

What are the risk factors associated with cervical cancer?

early age of first intercourse, low socioeconomic status, promiscuous male partners, unprotected sex, family hx on moms side, sex w/ uncircumcised partner, female offspring to mom who took diethylstilbestrol (DSE), infection w/ genital herpes, chronic chlamydia, hx of multiple sex partners, cigarette smoking, immunocompromised state, HIV, oral contraceptive use, moderate dysplasia on Pap smear in past 5 years, and HPV.

There is still no adequate screening test to identify early cancer of the ovary. What suggestions should a nurse give a client to facilitate early detection of this type of cancer?

early symptoms: abdominal bloating, early satiety, fatigue, vague abdominal pain, urinary frequency, diarrhea, or constipation, unexplained weight loss or gain. later symptions: anorexia, dyspepsia, ascites, palpable abdominal masses, pelvic pain, and back pain early detection: bimanual pelvic exam, and transvaginal ultrasound to identify abdominal masses annually.

What are the duties of a nurse in an outpt clinic?

health screening, education, medication admin., telephone consultation, health system referral, instruction, nutritional counseling, risk identification.

it is required for the final maturation of preovulatory follicles and luteinization of the ruptured follicle.

luteinizing hormone (LH)

What is uterine artery embolization (UAE)?

manages uterine fibroids. Option where polyvinyl alcohol pellets injected into artery via catheter to block circulation to fibroid, causing shrinkage and resolution of symptoms.

What is maternal mortality rate?

measures the number of deaths from any cause during the pregnancy cycle per 100,000 live births.

In a _____ abortion, the woman takes certain medications to induce a miscarriage to remove the products of conception.

medical

heavy bleeding occurring at irregular intervals with flow lasting more than 7 days

menometrorrhagia

What are the nonsurgical and surgical interventions available for Mrs. Scott?

nonsurgical: kegel exercises, estrogen replacement therapy, dietary and lifestyle modifications, and peassaries surgical: anterior and posterior colporrhapy, and vaginal hysterectomy.

_____ communication, also referred to as body language, includes attending to others and active listening.

nonverbal

What are the risk factors for breast cancer in women?

positive family history, irregularities of the menstrual cycle at a young age, excess weight, not having kids, oral contraceptives use, excess alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, long-term hormone replacement therapy.

Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by increased _____ production by the endometrium in an ovulatory cycle.

progesterone

The couple then ask what the nurse means by "evidence based nursing" and how that affects the two of them and their newborn. What is the nurses best response?

"evidence based nursing practice" involves the use of research or evidence in establishing a plan of care for you and your newborn and implementing that care. This model of nursing practice includes the use of the best current evidence in making decisions about care.

What are the four main purposes of nursing documentation?

1. client's medical record serves as a communication tool that the entire interdisciplinary team can use to keep track of what the client and family has learned already and what learning still needs to occur. 2. it serves to testify to the education the family has received if and when legal matters arise. 3. It verifies standards set by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and other accrediting bodies that hold health care providers accountable for client education activities. 4. It informs third party payers of goods and services provided for reimbursement purposes.

Given below, in random order, are some of the steps performed by a nurse while assisting with the collection of a Pap Smear. Choose the most likely sequence in which they would have occurred. 1) Provide support to the client as the practitioner obtains a sample. 2) drape the client with a sheet, leaving the perineal area exposed. 3) wash hands thoroughly. 4) transfer the specimen to a container or a slide 5) position the client in stirrups or foot pedals so that her knees fall outward 6) assemble the equipment

3) wash hands thoroughly. 6) assemble the equipment 5) position the client in stirrups or foot pedals so that her knees fall outward 2) drape the client with a sheet, leaving the perineal area exposed. 1) Provide support to the client as the practitioner obtains a sample. 4) transfer the specimen to a container or a slide

Put the following in order: 1. The assistance of certified nurse midwives and doulas grew in popularity as a choice in childbirth. 2. "Granny midwives" handled the normal birthing process for most women; infant and maternal mortality rates were high. 3. "Natural Childbirth" practices advocating birth w/o medication and focusing on relaxation techniques were introduced. 4. Physicians attended about half the births, with midwives caring for women who couldn't afford a doctor.

4. Physicians attended about half the births, with midwives caring for women who couldn't afford a doctor. 2. "Granny midwives" handled the normal birthing process for most women; infant and maternal mortality rates were high. 3. "Natural Childbirth" practices advocating birth w/o medication and focusing on relaxation techniques were introduced. 1. The assistance of certified nurse midwives and doulas grew in popularity as a choice in childbirth.

Cultural _____ involve participating in cross-cultural interactions with people from culturally diverse backgrounds.

encounters

_____ involves the ingrowth of the endometrium into the uterine musculature.

Adenomyosis

Liberal use of oil on newborns and infants scalp and skin.

African Americans

Newborns not given colostrum

Arab Americans

Quiet stoic appearance of woman during labor.

Asian Americans

______ view life as a cycle with everything connected to health.

Asian Americans

What tx may be considered for Alexa?

correcting underlying disorders, estrogen replacement therapy, drug therapy if pituitary gland problem, surgical resection, radiation.

offer various support groups

counseling centers.

Pap smears results are classified by _____ system.

Bethesda

_____ or uterine cancer is a malignant neoplastic growth of the uterus lining.

endometrial

_____ is a biologic tumor marker associated with ovarian cancer.

CA-125

Provide women's health lectures instruction on SBE and Pap smears, and computers for research.

Educational centers

It inhibits FSH production and stimulates LH production.

Estrogen

It induces the release of FSH and LH to assist with ovulation.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

_____ literacy is the ability to read, understand, and use health care information.

Health

During first 40 days after delivery, women are thought to be susceptible to cold.

Hispanic

_____ refers to the surgical removal of the uterus.

Hysterectomy

What are intrauterine systems?

IUSs are small, plastic T-shaped objects placed in uterus for contraception. Prevent pregnancy by making endometrium of uterus hostile to implant fertilized ovum by causing nonspecific inflammatory response.

What is evidence-based nursing practice?

It involves use of research or evidence in establishing plan of care and implementing that care. It's a problem solving approach to nursing clinical decisions. Involves the use of current evidence in making decisions about the care of women, kids, and their families.

_____ exercises strengthen the pelvic floor muscles to support the inner organs and prevent further prolapse.

Kegel

_____ is the direct visualization of the internal organs with a lighted instrument inserted through an abdominal incision.

Laparoscopy

Child birth is viewed as a normal, natural process; entire family may be present during birth.

Native Americans

What is the role of the nurse when caring for menopausal women?

Nurses can play a major role in assisting menopausal women by educating and counseling them about the multitude of options available for disease prevention, tx for menopausal symptoms, and health promotion during this time of change in their lives.

_____ is a condition in which bone mass declines to such an extent that fractures occur with minimal trauma.

Osteoporosis

During the question and answer period, the couple ask what "family centered care" is. How would the nurse respond to this couple's question?

Our hospital defines "family centered care" as the delivery of safe, satisfying, high-quality health care that focuses on and adapts to the physical and psychosocial needs of the family. It is a cooperative effort of families and other caregivers that recognize the strength and integrity of the family. What that really means is that when you come in to have your baby, we will not only take care of you and your newborn but also include your husband as part of the family unit. We will listen to what you and your husband want and include it in your plan of care as best as we can.

_____ are small benign growths that may be associated with chronic inflammation, an abnormal local response to increased levels of estrogen, or local congestion of the cervical vasculature.

Polyps

_____ stimulates the production of milk within a few days after childbirth.

Prolactin.

_____ glands, located on either side of the female urethral opening, secrete a small amount of mucous to keep the opening moist and lubricated for the passage of urine.

Skene.

Explain the four stages of ovarian cancer.

Stage 1-limited to ovaries. Stage 2-growth involves one or both ovaries w/ pelvic extension. Stage 3-spreads to lymph nodes and other organ structures inside abdominal cavity. Stage 4- Cancer metastasized to distant sites. Tx options vary w/ stage and severity.

What is the function of the bulbourethral or Cowper, glands?

THe bulbourethral (Cowper) glands are two small structures about the size of peas, located inferior to the prostate gland. They are composed of several tubes whose epithelial linings secrete a mucus-like fluid. It is relased in response to sexual stimulation and lubricates the head of the penis in preparation for sex. They gradually diminish in size with advancing age.

Describe what a nurse should teach Susan about the changes in her body and menstruation.

The nurse should inform Susan about the main function of the reproductive cycle is to stimulate growth of a follicle to release an egg and prepare a site for implantation if fertilization occurs; menstruation, the monthly shedding of the uterine lining, marks the beginning of a new cycle; the menstrual cycle involves a complex interaction of hormones; the ovarian cycle is the series of events associated with a developing oocyte within the ovaries; at ovulation, a mature follicle ruptures in response to a surge of LH, releasing a mature oocyte; the endometrial cycle is divided into three phases: the follicular or proliferative phase, the luteal or secretory phase, and the menstrual phase; the endometrium, ovaries, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus are all involved in the cyclic changes that help prepare the body for fertilization; the menstrual cycle results from a functional hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and a precise sequencing of hormones that lead to ovulation; if conception doesn't occur, menses ensues; and the one thing to remember is that whether a women's cycle is 28 to 120 days, ovulation takes place 14 days before menstruation.

Susan reports that most of her close friends have not yet started their periods. What info can be provided about factors that influence the onset of menstruation?

The range for the onset of menstruation is b/w 8 and 18 yoa. The average age is 12.8 years. There are several factors that influence the age of menstruation onset. Genetics is the most important factor in determining the age at which menarche starts, but geographic location, nutrition, weight, general health, nutrition, and cultural and social practices are also potential variables.

What is the function of the testes?

They produce sperm and synthesize testosterone, which is the primary male sex hormone. Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

_____ is the use of liquid nitrogen to freeze abnormal cervical tissue.

cryotherapy

Provide acupuncture, aromatherapy, and herbal remedies.

Wholeness healing centers

What are the factors that have influenced an increased emphasis on health promotion and illness prevention?

With focus on cost containment, people are spending less time in the hospital. Clients are being discharged "sicker and quicker" from their hospital beds. The health care system has moved from reactive tx strategies in hospitals to a proactive approach in the community. This has resulted in an increasing emphasis on health promotion and illness prevention within the community.

what are the diagnostic options for endometrial cancer?

endometrial biopsy (procedure of choice), and transvaginal ultrasound

A group of women are attending a community presentation discussing the health concerns of women. Which of the following should be included in the discussion of this topic? Select all that apply. a) personal space b) race c) primary language spoken d) level of education e) religious beliefs

a, c, e) culture is a view of the world and a set of traditions that are used by a specific social group and are transmitted to the next generation. Culture is a complex phenomenon involving many components, such as beliefs, values, language, time, personal space, and view of the world., all of which shape a person's actions and behavior. Race refers to ethnicity of an individual. The level of education provide information on an individuals socioeconomic status.

Which of the following is the major initial symptom of endometrial cancer? a) abnormal and painless vaginal bleeding b) diabetes mellitus c) liver disease d) severe back pain

a) abnormal and painless vaginal bleeding

A client with complaints of changes in her normal voiding patterns and altered bowel habits is dx with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Which of the following is the most appropriate instruction the nurse should provide to the client to help alleviate her condition? a) adhere to follow-up care b) increase intake of fiber rich foods c) increase fluid intake d) perform kegel exercises

a) adhere to follow-up care

A client presents for her annual Pap test. She wants to know about the risk factors that are associated with cervical cancer. Which of the following should the nurse inform the client is a risk factor for cervical cancer? a) early age at first intercourse b) obestiy (at least 50 lb overweight) c) hypertension d) infertility

a) early age at first intercourse

Which of the following is the mucosal layer that lines the uterine cavity in nonpregnant women? a) endometrium b) fundus c) mons pubis d) clitoris

a) endometrium

A nurse is caring for a female client with symptoms of first degree pelvic organ prolapse. Which of the following instructions related to dietary and lifestyle modifications should the nurse provide to the client to help prevent pelvic relaxation and chronic problems later in life? a) increase dietary fiber b) avoid caffeine products c) avoid excess intake of fluids d) increase high impact aerobics

a) increase dietary fiber

A nurse is caring for a Turkish client. The nurse understands that there could be major cultural differences b/w her and her client. What could be the consequence of a nurse assigning a client to a staff member who is of the same culture as the client? a) lead to stereotyping b) ensure better care and understanding c) help in assessing clients culture d) help build better nruse-client relationship

a) lead to stereotyping. a nurse who thinks stereotypically may assign a client to a staff member of is of the same culture as the client because the nurse assumes that all people of that culture are alike. The nurse may also believe that clients with the same skin color may react in the same manner in similar social situations. Because stereotypes are preconceived ideas unsupported by facts, they may not be real or accurate. In fact, they can be dangerous bc they are dehumanizing and interfere with accepting others as unique individuals.

Which of the following risk factors have been linked to the development of vulvar cancer? a) lichen sclerosus b) previous pelvic radiation c) exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DSE) d) tamoxifen use

a) lichen sclerosus

_____ occurs when the posterior bladder wall protrudes downward through the anterior vaginal wall.

cystocele

The _____ is the mucosal layer that lines the uterine cavity in nonpregnant women.

endometrium

How should the nurse describe "primary amenorrhea" to Alexa?

absence of menses by 14 w/ absence of growth and development of 2ndary sexual characteristics or menses by 16 w/ normal development of 2ndary sexual characteristics.

What counseling and education should the nurse provide Alexa at this visit?

address diverse causes, relationship to sexual identifying, possible infertility, purpose of each diagnostic tests, when results are available. sensitive listening interviewing presenting treatments options nutritional counseling, maintaining healthy lifestyle.

What factors may contribute to the development of this disorder?

age, result of weakness of connective tissue and muscular support of organs, vaginal birth, obesity, lifting, chronic cough, straining, estrogen deficiency.

absence of menses during the reproductive years

amenorrhea

What are the components of case management?

assessment, planning, implementation, coordination, monitoring, and evaluation. It includes advocacy, communication, resource management, client focused comprehensive care across a continuum, and coordinated care with an interdisciplinary team.

What is the two-day method for contraception?

girls observe presence/absence of cervical secretions by exam TP or undies or physical sensation. "did I not any yesterday? any today? yes, fertile and avoid unprotected sex. no, opposite."

Which of the following hormones is secreted from the hypothalamus in a pulsatile manner throughout the reproductive cycle? a) FSH b) GnRH c) LH d) estrogen

b) GnRH

A healthy 28 yo female client who has a sedentary lifestyle and is a chain smoker is seeking info about contraception. The nurse informs the client of the various options available and the benefits and the risks of each. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as contraindicated in the case of this client? a)the lunelle injection or depo-provera b) combination OCs c) copper intrauterine device d) implantable contraceptives

b) combination OCs

A female client who has just given birth has been reading health reports and is alarmed at the high rate of infant mortality. She seems anxious about the health of her child and wants to know ways to keep her baby from getting an infection. Which of the following instructions should the nurse offer? a) place the infant on his or her back to sleep. b) breastfeed the infant. c) feed the infant foods high in starch. d) feed the infant liquids frequently.

b) breastfeed the infant. It reduces the rates of infection in infants and helps to improve long-term maternal health. Placing the infant on his or her back to sleep prevents SIDS but doesn't prevent infections in the infant. Feeding foods high in starch or feeding liquids frequently will not prevent infections either.

Given below, in random order, are steps occurring during the endometrial cycle. Arrange them in the correct sequence. a) the endometrium becomes thickened and more vascular and glandular. b) cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, stretchy, and more alkaline. c) the spiral arteries rupture, releasing blood into the uterus. d) the ischemia leads to shedding of the endometrium down to the basal layer.

b) cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, stretchy, and more alkaline. a) the endometrium becomes thickened and more vascular and glandular. c) the spiral arteries rupture, releasing blood into the uterus. d) the ischemia leads to shedding of the endometrium down to the basal layer.

A 40 yo client complains of low back pain after standing for a long time. The primary care provider has dx the client w/ pelvic organ prolapse. THe nurse correctly recognizes that which of the following clients is likely not a candidate for corrective surgery for pelvic organ prolapsed. Select all that apply. a)clients w/ low back pain and pelvic pressure b) clients at high risk of recurrent prolapse after surgery c) client who is morbidly obese before surgery d) client who has severe pelvic organ prolapse e) client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

b) clients at high risk of recurrent prolapse after surgery c) client who is morbidly obese before surgery e) client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A client reports that she has multiple sex partners and has a lengthy hx of various pelvic infections. SHe would like to know if there is any temporary contraceptive method that would suit her condition. Which of the following should the nurse suggest for this client? a) intrauterine device b) condoms c) OCs d) tubal ligation

b) condoms

Which of the following organs provides the space and environment for sperm cells to mature? a) vas deferens b) epididymis c) testes d) cowper glands

b) epididymis

A client in her second tri of pregnancy asks the nurse for infor regarding certain oral medications to induce a miscarriage. What info should this client be given about such medications? a) they are available only in the form of suppositories b) they can be taken only in the first tri c) they present a high risk of respiratory failure d) they are considered a permanent end to fertility.

b) they can be taken only in the first tri

A nurse is assessing a 45 yo client. The client asks for info regarding the changes that are most likely to occur with menopause. Which of the following should the nurse tell the client? a) uterus tilts backward b) uterus shrinks and gradually atrophies c) cervical muscle content increases d) outer layer of the cervix becomes rough.

b) uterus shrinks and gradually atrophies

A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed GnRH medication for uterine fibroids. Which of the following is a side effect of GnRH medications that the nurse should monitor the client for? a) increased vaginal discharge b) vaginal dryness c) urinary tract infections d) vaginitis

b) vaginal dryness

A 30 yo client tells the nurse that she would like to use a contraceptive sponge but doesn't know about its use and whether it will protect her against STIs. Which of the following info should the nurse provide the client about using a contraceptive sponge? Select all that apply. a) keep the sponge for more than 30 hr to prevent STIs b) wet the sponge with water before inserting it c) insert the sponge 24 hours before intercourse d) leave the sponge in place for at least 6 hr following intercourse e) replace the sponge every 2 hr for the method to be effective.

b) wet the sponge with water before inserting it c) insert the sponge 24 hours before intercourse d) leave the sponge in place for at least 6 hr following intercourse

A client with abdominal uterine bleeding is dx with small ovarian cysts. The nurse has to educate the client on the importance of routine check ups. Which of the following is the most appropriate assessment for this client's condition? a) monitor gonadotropin level every month b) monitor blood sugar level q15d c) schedule periodic pap smears d) schedule ultrasound q3-6mo

d) schedule ultrasound q3-6mo

The ____ body temperature refers to the lowest body temperature and is reached upon awakening.

basal

A nurse is employed in a clinic that provides prenatal services to a multicultural community predominated by African and Latino families. How should the nurse adapt to different cultural beliefs and practices?

being flexible and accepting of others' points of view, listening to clients and learning about their beliefs about health and wellness, Knowing, understanding, and respecting culturally influenced health behaviors.

stage 4 endometrial cancer affects what organ?

bladder mucosa, with distant metastases to the lungs, liver, and bone.

What do discharge planning and case management contribute to in the community setting?

both contribute to improved transition from the hospital to the community for women, their families, and the health care team.

stage 3 endometrial cancer affects what organ?

bowel or vagina, with metastases to pelvic lymph nodes

The use of oral contraceptives makes a woman susceptible to _____ cancer.

breast

The nurse is educating the family of a 2-day old Chinese boy with myelomeningocele about the disorder and its tx. Which of the following actions, involving an interpreter, can jeopardize the family's trust? a) allowing too little appointment time for the translation. b) using a person who is not a professional interpreter. c) asking the interpreter questions not meant for the family. d) using a relative to communicate with the parents.

c) asking the interpreter questions not meant for the family. asking questions or having private conversations with the interpreter may make the family uncomfortable and destroy the client-nurse relationship. translation takes longer than a same-language appointment, and this must be considered so that the family is not rushed. A nonprofessional may be unable to adequately translate medical terminology. Using a relative can upset the family relationships or cause legal probs.

A nurse is providing info regarding ovulation to a couple who want to have a baby. Which of the following should the nurse tell the clients? a) ovulation takes place 10 days before menstruation b) the lifespan of the ovum is only about 48 hours. c) at ovulation, a mature follicle ruptures, releasing an ovum. d) when ovulation occurs, there is a rise in estrogen

c) at ovulation, a mature follicle ruptures, releasing an ovum.

A group of women are attending a community presentation discussing the health concerns of women. Which of the following will be included as the leading cause of death for women? a) lung cancer b) cancers of the reproductive system c) cardiovascular disease d) HIV infection

c) cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the US. Elevations in death rates are in part attributed to the difficulty recognizing cardiovascular concerns in women. The second leading cause of death in women is cancer. Lung cancer exceeds other types of cancer in women. HIV infection, although impacting the mortality rate of women, is not the greatest cause of death.

A client needs additional info about the cervical mucus ovulation method after having read about it in a magazine. She asks the nurse about cervical changes during ovulation. Which of the following should the nurse inform the client about? a)cervical os is slightly closed b)cervical mucus is dry and thick c) cervix is high or deep in the vagina d) cervical mucus breaks when stretched

c) cervix is high or deep in the vagina

A recently licensed nurse is orienting to a pediatric unit in an acute care facility. The nurse is discussing causes of infant mortality with her preceptor. Which of the following should be included as the leading cause of infant mortality? a) cardiac disease. b) respiratory infection. c) congenital anomalies d) SIDS.

c) congenital anomalies. congenital anomalies are the leading cause of infant mortality in the U.S.. Low birth weight and prematurity are the major indicators of infant health and significant predictors of infant mortality. SID, cardiac disorders, and respiratory infection are causes of infant mortality but not the greatest cause.

The nurse is caring for an Arab American woman. Which approach would be most successful? a) inquiring about folk remedies used. b) coordinating care through the client's mother. c) dealing exclusively with the husband. d) promoting preventive health care.

c) dealing exclusively with the husband. In Arab American culture, woman are subordinate to men. The nurse would deal directly and exclusively with the husband. This family wouldn't place much emphasis on preventive care either. Inquiring about folk remedies used may be appropriate with African American families. Coordinating care through the client's mother might be appropriate with Hispanic families.

Given below, in random order, are pubertal events. Arrange them in the correct sequence. a) growth spurt. b) appearance of pubic and then axillary hair. c) development of breast buds. d) onset of menstruation.

c) development of breast buds. b) appearance of pubic and then axillary hair. a) growth spurt. d) onset of menstruation.

A nurse is caring for a 32 yo client for whom pessary usage is recommended for uterine prolapse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan for the client concerning the pessary? a) avoid jogging and jumping b) wear a girdle or abdominal support c) report any discomfort with urination and defecation d) avoid lifting heavy objects

c) report any discomfort with urination and defecation

During cold conditions, how does the body react to maintain scrotal temp? a) cremaster muscles relax b) frequency of urination increases c) scrotum is pulled closer to the body d) increase in blood flow to genital area

c) scrotum is pulled closer to the body

A client is waiting for the results of an endometrial biopsy for suspected endometrial cancer and asks the nurse about the available tx options. Which of the following tx info should the nurse give the client? a) surgery involves removal of the uterus b) in advanced cancers, radiation and chemotherapy are used instead of surgery c) surgery involves removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries; adjunct therapy is used if relevant. d) follow-up care after the relevant tx should last for at least 6 mo after the tx.

c) surgery involves removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries; adjunct therapy is used if relevant.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with genital warts due to HPV. The nurse explains to the client that HPV increases the risk of vulvar cancer. Which of the following preventative measures to reduce the risk of vulvar cancer should the nurse explain to the client? a) genital exam should be done only by primary health care provider b) genital exam should be done by the client c) the client should avoid tight undergarments d) the client should use OTC drugs for self medication of suspicious lesions.

c) the client should avoid tight undergarments

A client presents at a community health care center for a routine check-up. The client wants to know about any tests that can effectively detect ovarian cancer early. About which of the following tests that can can in the detection of ovarian cancer should the nurse inform the client? a) pap smears b) serum CA-125 c) yearly bimanual pelvic exams d) regular x-rays of the pelvic area

c) yearly bimanual pelvic exams

_____ may be defined as a "specific group of people, often living in a defined geographical area, who share a common culture, values, and norms."

community

Cultural ______ is defined as the knowledge, willingness, and ability to adapt health care to enhance its acceptability to and effectiveness with patients from diverse cultures.

competence

The ability to apply knowledge about a client's culture to adapt his or her health care accordingly is known as cultural _____.

competence

What are the causes of pelvic organ prolapse?

constant decrease gravity of erect human posture, atrophy of supporting tissues with aging and decreased estrogen levels, weakening of pelvic support related to child birth, trauma, reproductiive surgery, family hx, young age at first birth, connective tissue disorder, infant birth weight under 4500 g, pelvic radiation, increased abdominal pressure, 2ndary lifting straining.

_____ management focuses on coordinating health care services while balancing quality and cost outcomes.

case

The collaborative process of assessment, planning, application, coordination, follow-up, and evaluation of the options needed to meet an individual's needs is referred to as _____.

case management

stage 2 endometrial cancer affects what organ?

cervix

What is menopause?

cessation of regular menstrual cycles. End of menstruation and child bearing capacity. It's 1 year w/o period and average age to experience is 51.

_____ is a microscopic exam of the lower genital tract with use of a magnifying instrument.

coloscopy

A client is getting divorced and wants to be sure that her soon to be ex-husband cant have access to her medical information. Which would be the best instruction for the nurse to give the client? a) "Dont worry about things like that, you have too much else to worry about right now." b) "Husbands always have access to their wife's health records." c) "We have to give him access to your records in case they impact your divorce." d) "You have the right to say who can see your health records and who cant."

d) "You have the right to say who can see your health records and who cant." The nurse should tell the client that the law specifically states that its the clients decision who can see her health records and who cant.

Which of the following hormones is called the hormone of pregnancy because it reduces uterine contractions during pregnancy? a) LH b) estrogen c) FSH d) Progesterone

d) Progesterone

Which of the following organs is responsible for providing lubrication during intercourse? a) endocrine glands b) pituitary glands c) Skene glands d) bartholin glands

d) bartholin glands

the nurse is caring for a client at the ambulatory care clinic who questions the nurse for info about contraception. The client reports that she isn't comfortable about using barrier methods and would like the option of regaining fertility after a couple of years. Which of the following methods should the nurse suggest to this client? a) BBT b) coitus interrupts c) lactational amenorrhea method d) cycle beads or depo-provera

d) cycle beads or depo-provera

A couple is being assessed for infertility. The male partner is required to collect a semen sample for analysis. What instruction should the nurse give him? a) abstain from sexual activity for 10 hours before collecting sample b) avoid strenuous activity for 24 hours before collecting the sample. c) collect a specimen by ejaculating into a condom or plastic bag d) deliver sample for analysis within 1 to 2 hour after ejaculation.

d) deliver sample for analysis within 1 to 2 hour after ejaculation.

The nurse is reviewing the family hx information in a newly admitted clients chart. The nurse notes that the client lives with is parents and grandparents. Which term best describes the clients family structure? a) blended family b) communal family c) binuclear family d) extended family

d) extended family. extended families consist of parents, children, aunts, uncles, and/or grandparents. blended families consist of parents who have children from previous marriages and potentially children from the new marriage. Groups of individuals who are living together to raise their families are referred to as communal families. In the binuclear family, children are members of two families as persuit of custody or "joint parenting" arrangements."

The Nurse is assessing a client for amenorrhea. Which of the following should the nurse document as evidence of androgen excess secondary to a tumor? a) reduced subcutaneous fat b) hypothermia c) irregular heart rate and pulse d) facial hair and acne

d) facial hair and acne

Nurses in community care settings spend more time in management and supervisory roles than their counterparts in the acute care setting. Which of the following activities is part of case management? a) helping a grandmother to learn a procedure. b) assessing the sanitary conditions of the home. c) establishing eligibility for a medicaid waiver. d) scheduling speech and respiratory therapy services.

d) scheduling speech and respiratory therapy services. case management focuses on coordinating health care services while balancing quality and cost outcomes. Helping a family member learn how to perform a procedure is part of the teaching role. Assessing sanitary conditions is done during discharge planning, and establishing eligibility for medicaid is resource management.

A 30 yo client would like to try using basal body temp as a fertility awareness method. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client? a) avoid unprotected sex until BBT has been elevated for 6 days b) avoid using other fertility awareness methods along with BBT c) use the axillary method of taking the temp d) take temp before rising and record it on a chart.

d) take temp before rising and record it on a chart.

A nurse has to address a group of women on the issue of women's health during their reproductive years. Which of the following reasons does the nurse provide regarding the need for comprehensive, community-centered care to women during their reproductive years? a) women have more health probs during their reproductive years. b) women are more susceptible to stress during their reproductive years. c) women's immune system weakness immediately after birth. d) women's health care needs change with their reproductive goals.

d) women's health care needs change with their reproductive goals. The nurse should inform the women that comprehensive community centered care should be given to women during their reproductive years. This is because as their reproductive goals change, so do their health care needs. A women's immune system doesn't weaken immediately after birth. Similarly, women dont have more health probs specifically during their reproductive years, nor are they more susceptible to stress during their reproductive years.

What activities would help ensure that a nurse delivers culturally competent nursing care to diverse families?

develop cultural self-awareness, gain cultural knowledge about various world views of different cultures, participate in cultural encounters.

Under certain conditions, a minor can be considered _____ and can make health care decisions independently of parents.

emancipated

State the nsg diagnoses related to malignancies of the reproductive tract.

disturbed body image r/t loss of body part, loss of good health, and/or altered sexual patterns. anxiety r/t threat to malignancy, potential diagnosis, anticipated pain/discomfort, and/or effect of condition tx on future. Deficient knowledge r/t disease process and prognosis, specific tx options, and/or diagnostic procedures needed.

A _____ is a lay birth assistant who provides quality emotional, physical, and educational support to the woman and family during childbirth and the postpartum period.

doula

What are the physical changes observed in women during their perimenopausal years?

during the perimenopausal years, woman may experience physical changes associated with decreasing estrogen levels, which may include vasomotor symptoms of hot flashes, irregular menstrual cycles, sleep disruptions, forgetfulness, irritability, mood disturbances, decreased vaginal lubrication, fatigue, vaginal atrophy, and depression.

difficult, painful, or abnormal menstruation

dysmenorrhea

High-grade ____ can progress to invasive cervical cancer; the progression takes up to 2 years.

dysplasia

the _____, which lies against the testes, is coiled tube almost 20 ft long that collects sperm from the testes and provides the space and environment for sperm to mature.

epididymis.

The incision made into the perineal tissue to provide more space for the presenting part of the delivering fetus is called an _____.

episiotomy.

Ovarian cancer usually originates in the ovarian ____ .

epithelium

What is a transvaginal ultrasound used for?

evaluate the endometrial cavity, measure thickness of endometrial lining, and to detect endometrial hyperplasia.

State the cause of "primary amenorrhea" that may be related to Alexa.

extreme wt. positive or negative, stress from major life event, excessive exercise, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, congenital abnormalities of reproductive system, cushings disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothyroidism, turner syndrome, imperforated hymen, chronic illness, pregnancy, cystic fibrosis, CHD, ovarian or adrenal tumors.

The _____ is considered the basic social unit.

family

Practicing true _____ care may empower the family, strengthen family resources, and help the woman or child feel more secure throughout the process.

family-centered

What are Bartholin Cysts?

fluid filled swollen saclike structure resulting from blockage of one of the ducks of the Bartholin glands. May become infected and abscess may form in gland. Most common cyst growth in vulva.

it's primarily responsible for the maturation of the ovarian follicle.

follice-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Medically _____ infants have medically complex needs that require skilled nursing interventions.

fragile

What are the risk factors associated with endometriosis?

increasing age, family hx, short menstrual cycle, long menstrual flow, young age at menarche, few or no pregnancies.

Compare and contrast-primary and secondary infertility.

infertility is inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sex or inability to carry till term. 2ndary infertility results when person is unable to conceive after having done so in the past.

What are the causes of urinary incontinence?

intake of fluids especially alcohol, carbonated, and caffeinated beverages, constipation, habitual preventing emptying, anatomic changes, pregnancy, child birth, obesity.

What is colostrum?

is a dark, yellow fluid that contains more minerals and protein, but less sugar and fat than mature breast milk. It is initially produced during pregnancy. After childbirth, colostrum is secreted for approximately for a week, with a gradual conversion to mature breast milk. Colostrum is rich in maternal antibodies, especially immunoglobulin A, which offers protection for the newborn against enteric pathogens.

What are the common lab tests ordered to determine the cause of amenorrhea?

karyotype, ultrasound to detect ovarian cysts, pregnancy test, thyroid function studies, prolactin, FSH, LH levels, 17-ketosteriod tests, laparoscopy, CT scan of head.

Uterine fibroids, or _____, are benign proliferations composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue in the uterus.

leiomyomas

What are the most common symptoms of ovarian cancer?

low back pain, abdominal bloating and pressure, fatigue, urinary frequency, and constipation.

What are the symptoms of uterine prolapse that may affect Mrs. Scott's daily activities?

low back pain, pelvic pressure, urinary frequency, retention and or incontinence.

What are the predictors of infant mortality?

low birth weight and prematurity.

What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?

nulliparity, early menarche before 12 y.o.a., late menopause after 55 y.o.a., increasing age, high fat diet, obesity, persistent ovulation over time, first relative with ovarian cancer, use of perineal talcum powder or hygiene spray, less than 30 at first pregnancy, positive BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations, personal hx of breast, bladder, or colon cancer, hormone replacement therapy for more than 10 years, and infertility.

bleeding occurring at intervals of more than 35 days

oligomenorrhea

_____ clinics offer a community-based site for the childbearing family to access services.

outpatient

abnormal descent or herniation of the pelvic organs from their original attachment sites or their normal positions in the pelvis.

pelvic organ prolapsed

During _____, the ovary begins to falter, producing irregular and missed periods and an occasional hot flash.

perimenopause

A _____ is a silicone or plastic device that is placed into the vagina to support the uterus, bladder, and rectum as a space-filling device.

pessary

What is the Colpexin Sphere?

polycarbonate sphere with locator string thats fitted above hymenal ring to support pelvic floor muscle. Its used in conjunction with pelvic floor muscle exercises. It supports pelvic floor muscles and promotes rehabilitation of them.

presence of multiple inactive follicle cysts within the ovary that interfere with ovarian function

polycystic ovarian syndrome

Rectocele occurs when the _____ relaxes and pushes against or into the posterior vaginal wall.

rectum

The vagina is a tubular, fibromuscular organ lined with mucous membrane that lies in a series of transverse folds called _____.

rugae.

The _____ is the thin-skinned sac that surrounds and protects the testes.

scrotum.

The two major types of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) are classic (undifferentiated) and _____ (differentiated).

simplex

What techniques can the nurse use to enhance learning?

slowing down and repeating info often, speaking in conversational style using plain, nonmedical lang., "chunking" info and teaching it in small bites using logical steps, prioritizing info and teaching "survival skills" first, using visuals, such as pictures, videos, and models, and teaching using an interactive, "hands on" approach.

What are the risk factors the nurse should monitor for in women that could lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

smoking, smoking while using oral contraceptives and or hormone replacement therapy, obesity, diet high in saturated fats, stress, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history, diabetes mellitus, postmenopausal factors.

Overall plans in the health care delivery system improve access to preventative services, but may limit the access to _____ care which greatly impacts women and children with chronic or long-term illnesses.

special

At the onset of ovulation, cervical mucous that is more abundant, clear, slippery, and smooth is known as _____ mucus.

spinnbarkett

_____ cell carcinomas that begin in the epithelial lining of the vagina tend to spread early by directly invading the bladder and rectal walls.

squamous

What are kegel exercises?

strengthens pelvic floor muscles to support inner organs and prevent further prolapse. Help increase muscle volume resulting in stronger muscular contraction. Might limit the progression of mild prolapse, and alleviate mild prolapse symptoms including low back pain, pelvic pressure.

accidental leakage of urine that occurs with increased pressure on the bladder from coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical exertion.

stress incontinence

What is vulva?

the external female reproductive organs collectively are called the vulva. The vulva serves to protect the urethral and vaginal openings. The structures that make up the vulva include the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the structures within the vestibule, and the perineum.

In the male, the _____ is the terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary systems, serving as a passageway for semen and urine.

urethra

Weakened pelvic floor musculature also prevents complete closure of the _____ resulting in urine leakage during moments of physical activity.

urethra

precipitous loss of urine, preceded by a strong urge to void, with increased bladder pressure and detrusor contraction.

urge incontinence

benign tumors composed of muscular and fibrous tissue in the uterus

uterine fibroids

The _____ is a pear shaped muscular organ at the top of the vagina.

uterus.

What are the nursing interventions when caring for clients with cancers of the female reproductive tract?

validate feelings and provide realistic hope, use basic communication skills in a sincere way during all interactions, provide useful, nonjudgemental info to all women, identify care to address clients cultural needs, carry out postoperative care and instructions as prescribed, discuss postoperative issues, including incision care, pain, activity level, instruct on health maintenance activities after tx, inform the client and family about available support resources.

List examples of cultural characteristics that would be important for a nurse to understand.

values, beliefs of the various people to whom they deliver care, time orientation, personal space, language, family orientation.

Male sterilization is accomplished with a surgical procedure known as a _____.

vasectomy

Offer stress reduction techniques

wellness centers