Exam 1 Practice Questions

A)Culture

1. A group of teens develop their own method of texting in a language that they feel is all their own. The change is subtle, but the meanings and the feelings associated with the text are known only to a select few. This behavior is an example of: A)Culture B)Cultural competence C)Cultural safety D)Ethnocentrism

A) Having a client complete a self-reported functional status indicator and then reviewing it with the client

1. A nurse is striving to practice patient-centered care at a hospital. Which action best exemplifies providing patient-centered care? A) Having a client complete a self-reported functional status indicator and then reviewing it with the client B) Explaining to a client the benefits of computer-assisted robotic surgical techniques, which the hospital recently implemented C) Recording a client's signs and symptoms in an electronic health record D) Performing continuous glucose monitoring of a client while the client is in the hospital

B)Politics

1. The nurse is passionate about research for a cure for pediatric leukemia and has written the state representatives in Congress to urge them to expand federal funding for this research. This behavior is an example of involvement in: A)Policy B)Politics C)Public health D)Equity

A) Rate

1. Which is the primary method used to measure the existence of states of health or illness in a population during a given time period? A) Rate B) Ratio C) Relative risk ratio D) Sensitivity

B)Identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients

1.Community assessment is a critical process for the future because it can: A)Identify the need for a community commission B)Identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients C)Provide a means of grant funding for clinics D)Provide a client base for at-risk neighborhoods

A) 72-year-old woman with well-managed diabetes who walks 2 miles every day and takes classes at the local community college

1.Which example best illustrates the World Health Organization's definition of health? A) 72-year-old woman with well-managed diabetes who walks 2 miles every day and takes classes at the local community college B) 20-year-old man with no significant history of disease who smokes, works a stressful job, and is sedentary C) 50-year-old woman with no health complaints who is alcoholic, lives alone with little social contact, and is obese D) 98-year-old man with dementia who resides in an assisted living facility

A)Upstream

10. As an advocate for leukemia research, the nurse along with many others succeeded in urging the U.S. Congress to debate and vote on a bill that significantly increases federal funding for this research. Which system level would such an intervention address? A)Upstream B)Mainstream C)Sidestream D)Downstream

B)Ethnocentrism

10.During a conference after rounds, a nurse states, "They are in the United States now; you would think that they would act like us." This nurse is exhibiting: A)Cultural humility B)Ethnocentrism C)Cultural competence D)Cross-cultural nursing

D) John Snow

10.Who was the best known epidemiologist of the 19th century and used population data and personal observations to investigate the epidemic of cholera that occurred from 1848 through 1854? A) William Farr B) John Graunt C) Florence Nightingale D) John Snow

D) UNITED STATES

11. Which country spends the most on healthcare? A) Canada B) England C) Japan D) United States

A) Incidence density

11.The nurse wishes to measure the number of cases of staph infections that occur in a hospital over the course of 1 year per total client-days during that year. Which measure should the nurse use? A) Incidence density B) Prevalence rate C) Relative risk ratio D) Specific rate

B)Preparation

12. The committee has established the need for a sick child clinic in an impoverished neighborhood. The demographic data have been collected, and the committee is ready to meet with a group of local businesspeople who are willing to support the project financially. The plan is for the committee and group to combine to facilitate the establishment of the clinic. Using a transtheoretical model, which level of readiness has the committee achieved? A)Contemplation B)Preparation C)Action D)Relapse

C)Target education and support programs

12. The community health nurse learns that there are statistically high levels of obesity and elevated cholesterol in the community. In addition, the community has a disproportionately high number of fast food restaurants, compared with surrounding communities. Which would be the most appropriate next step, based on these data? A)Gather support in the community to ban fast foods B)Gather further information regarding trans fats C)Target education and support programs D)Create local exercise programs

A)Degree to which health services increase the likelihood of desired outcomes and are consistent with current knowledge

12. Which most accurately defines quality of care? A)Degree to which health services increase the likelihood of desired outcomes and are consistent with current knowledge B)Improvement of what is wrong or unsatisfactory C)Economic approach or analysis tool used to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention D)Presence of a variety of ethnic, racial, and cultural backgrounds of the workers in a specific area such as the health sector

C) Relative risk ratio

12.Incidence rates for groups exposed to a secondhand smoke are compared with the incidence rates for people who are not exposed to secondhand smoke. This will measure the: A) Incidence density B) Prevalence rate C) Relative risk ratio D) Specific rate

C) Web of causation

12.The nurse explores all of the possible factors that contribute to coronary artery disease in the community as links in multiple interrelated chains. Which epidemiologic models is the nurse using? A) Epidemiologic triad B) Wheel of causation C) Web of causation D) Natural history

C) Air pollution

12.Which risk factor is associated with overall health? A) Allergy B) Traumatic injury C) Air pollution D) Down syndrome

B)Social conditions in which people live and work

13.Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health? A)What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy B)Social conditions in which people live and work C)Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community D)Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers

C) Health service coverage

13.The nurse recently learned that more than 100 infants and children in the community have received vaccinations at the health clinic in the past month. These data are an example of which health indicator? A) Morbidity and mortality B) Risk factors C) Health service coverage D) Health system resources

B) Incidence rate

13.The nurse wishes to calculate the probability of persons in your county developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over the course of a year. Which measure should the nurse use? A) Incidence density B) Incidence rate C) Relative risk ratio D) Specific rate

A)Sustainability

14. The nurse is reviewing the sources of funding for the local community health intervention program on smoking cessation. In the federal grant proposal, the nurse elaborates on all the various local organizations and private foundations that have pledged to support the program after initial funding from the grant ends. The nurse also explains the plan for ongoing fundraising efforts for the program for years to come. With these comments, the nurse is attempting to establish which essential component of funding? A)Sustainability B)Program replication C)Clinical expertise D)Accountability

D) Characteristic or event that has been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop

15.Which best describes a risk factor? A) Course of a disease or condition from the onset to resolution B) Primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness C) Probability or likelihood that a disease or illness will occur in a group of people who presently do not have the problem D) Characteristic or event that has been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop

C) Institute HIV prevention measures and treatment for health workers.

16. The nurse manager at a healthcare facility in a developing nation regularly loses nurses to positions in developed nations. According to the World Health Organization, which action would be appropriate for the nurse manger to take to address this problem? A) Lobby for local legislation that prevents migration of healthcare workers. B) Encourage the facility to build workforce capacity within the country. C) Institute HIV prevention measures and treatment for health workers. D) Treat exp

C)Reimbursement and bonuses for physicians and hospitals for adopting electronic health records

16. Which is the primary way that U.S. federal government has encouraged improved information management in the healthcare system? A)Publishing of guidelines for increased efficiency in filing client records B)Tax deductions for the installation of new telephone systems C)Reimbursement and bonuses for physicians and hospitals for adopting electronic health records D)Grants for hiring office managers trained in health information technology

B)American Nurses Association (ANA)

17.Which organization publishes and articulates the essentials of public health nursing, including the activities and accountabilities that are characteristics of practice at all levels and settings? A)Association of Community Health Nurse Educators (ACHNE) B)American Nurses Association (ANA) C)American Public Health Association (APHA) D)Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing (ASTDN)

B)"You will not be protected against other strains of HIV or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)."

18. A woman arrives at the clinic for a routine appointment. She has been HIV positive for 3 years and states she is doing well. She currently is involved in a relationship with a man who is HIV positive. She states that she is not consistent with safe sex practices due to her significant other's preferences and feels uncomfortable asking him to wear a condom. Which is the nurse's best response to promote the client's health? A)"You won't become pregnant as long as you are taking your drug cocktail." B)"You will not be protected against other strains of HIV or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)." C)"You will both be safe because you both already have HIV." D)"Let's have you both tested for STIs."

D)Collaborate with other health care workers and the clients

18.The community health nurse works in a community recently devastated by a tornado. Many of the survivors are cared for in their homes. Care is needed for those who are ill, recovering, or in hospice. To provide the most holistic and effective care to the community, the nurse should: A)Refer the clients to an outreach center B)Consult with the hospice nurse and the social worker C)Provide care according to the physician's orders D)Collaborate with other health care workers and the clients

A)Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community

2. The nurse conducts a community assessment in a town once supported by multiple paper factories. The factories closed 2 years ago and most of the population is now out of work. The school nurse notes that 68% of the students are behind schedule in their physicals and immunizations. On the basis of this community assessment, the nurse should recommend: A)Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community B)Creation of a task force to assess the impact of low income on immunization compliance C)A formal petition to the local government to mandate immunizations by imposing monetary fines on parents whose children are not immunized D)A tax relief program for new companies wishing to settle in the community

B)Develop a plan to meet the costs and promote the benefits of the project

2. The nurse identifies the specific indicators and focal areas needed to establish immunization and well-child clinics in a low-income neighborhood. What actions are needed to meet the health outcomes of the project? A)Identify the need in the community for the clinic on the basis of subjective data. B)Develop a plan to meet the costs and promote the benefits of the project. C)Consider the identified neighborhood's need for healthcare compared with that of other low-income neighborhoods by interviewing the members of the neighborhood. D)Assume that the neighborhood will welcome the institution of a well-child and immunization clinic.

B)Cultural belief

2.The nurse is caring for a client who refuses the food as served. He states that the food is foreign to him and will make him ill. All food must be blessed. The personal care attendant is upset by this behavior and states that the client should eat the food anyway. The client's behavior is most likely a result of: A)Psychosocial deficit B)Cultural belief C)Allergies D)Hygiene

C) Number of conditions or events within a designated period of time/ Population at risk during the same period of time × Base multiple

2.Which formula should be used to calculate a rate? A) Number of true positives/ Number of true positives + Number of false negatives B) Number of true negatives/ Number of true negatives + Number of false positives C) Number of conditions or events within a designated period of time/ Population at risk during the same period of time × Base multiple D) Number of deaths from a specific disease/ Number of cases of the same disease X 100

A) Epidemic curve

20.The nurse graphs the distribution of influenza cases by the time of onset of influenza. Which would be the result of this work? A) Epidemic curve B) Epidemiologic descriptive study C) Incidence density D) Incidence rate

B)Selective screening

21. The nurse works at community clinic that provides various types of health screenings for members of the community. One day, the nurse provides tuberculin tests for a group of new hospital employees. Which type of screening procedure is this? A)Mass screening B)Selective screening C)Multiphasic screening D)Case finding

D) Establish the existence of the outbreak

21. You have heard rumors in the hospital where you work of an Ebola outbreak in your community and you would like to investigate it further. Which of the following should be your first step in the investigation? A) Identify the names of the people infected by the virus B) Formulate and test hypotheses as to the most probable causative factors C) Implement a plan for control of the outbreak D) Establish the existence of the outbreak

B) Providing sanitized drinking water

21.The community health nurse in a low-income country is working to decrease the incidence of diarrheal illnesses. Which intervention would most likely best address this problem? A) Providing fuel alternatives to burning wood and dung B) Providing sanitized drinking water C) Education regarding contraception use D) Distribution of and education on the daily use of insecticide-treated bed nets

C) Personal responsibility for health

3. A nurse successfully persuades an obese client to perform a weekly weigh-in at home using a digital scale and record the weight in a log. This strategy is an example of: A) Telehealth B) Health information technology C) Personal responsibility for health D) Evidence-based nursing

A)Develop an asthma education and surveillance program that addresses students, families, and faculty members.

3.Absenteeism due to illness has increased recently in the local middle school. The increase is noted to be related to exacerbation of asthma symptoms in the student population. Which would be the most effective approach in decreasing absenteeism among this population? A)Develop an asthma education and surveillance program that addresses students, families, and faculty members. B)Develop a policy to exclude students with a diagnosis of asthma from admission to the school. C)Create an asthma prevention plan within the school environment, based in the school nurse's office. D)Create an education program for faculty related to the prevention of exacerbation of asthma systems.

B) Agency that acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources

3.Which best describes a nongovernmental organization? A) Agency that is based in only one country but provides services to many other countries B) Agency that acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources C) A group that collects data related to healthcare use across a variety of professional and service parameters D) An organization that uses endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations

C)Interview members of the neighborhood to determine why they do not use the clinic.

4. Multiple family units in an underserved neighborhood have children who have not been vaccinated per health guidelines. The nurse researches the problem and establishes a well-child clinic within walking distance to the neighborhood. The clinic is poorly attended. Which would be the nurse's best action to revise the program and improve attendance to the clinic? A)Determine whether the location of the clinic is not conducive to attendance. B)Discuss the problem of attendance at the next community council meeting. C)Interview members of the neighborhood to determine why they do not use the clinic. D)Discuss the problem with the local minister and request him to discuss the clinic at the next prayer service.

A) Primary

5. The local clinic is dedicated to the well adult and child. It has evening hours and offers varied programs for the community. The programs include immunizations and classes on fire safety, health education, and car safety, to name a few. How would the nurse explain the level of prevention used in this setting to your colleagues? A)Primary B)Secondary C)Tertiary D)Quaternary

C) Prevalence

5.Which rate measures the number of people in a given population who have influenza at a given point in time? A) Adjusted B) Incidence C) Prevalence D) Specific

C)Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 years in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2019.

6. The nurse prepares community program objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound (SMART) to help in planning interventions and establishing measurement systems to evaluate programs and outcomes. Which is a measurable objective? A)Program will reduce teenage obesity. B)Fewer teens will start smoking. C)Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 years in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2019. D)Number of older minority residents in Legacy Independent facility receiving a flu shot will triple.

D) Distribution of and education on the daily use of insecticide-treated bed nets

6.The community health nurse works in a low-income country. The nurse's primary concern is to decrease the incidence of malaria. Which intervention should the nurse pursue? A) Fuel alternatives to burning wood and dung B) Sanitized drinking water C) Education regarding contraception use D) Distribution of and education on the daily use of insecticide-treated bed nets

C) Crude

6.The nurse is measuring the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being investigated in the entire population. Which rate does this represent? A) Adjusted B) Attack C) Crude D) Incidence

D) Morbidity and mortality from noninfectious diseases have increased.

6.Which most accurately describes how disease patterns have changed from 1900 to the present? A) Morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases have increased. B) Morbidity and mortality from unintentional injuries have decreased. C) Morbidity and mortality from chronic degenerative conditions have decreased. D) Morbidity and mortality from noninfectious diseases have increased.

A)Subjective data

7. The community health nurse assesses the neighborhood in which the clients live. When observing the physical environment, the nurse notes that most of the homes in the neighborhood are well kept and the children playing in the yards are wearing clean clothing. The children appear well nourished. The nurse determines that the neighborhood has little need for a well-child clinic. This assessment is based on: A)Subjective data B)Objective data C)Cognitive analysis D)Valid data

C) Study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations

7.The community health nurse knows that early attempts to understand illness and disease focused on the study of the experiences of individual people. Using this knowledge, how would the nurse define epidemiology to a group of nursing students? A) An outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally found in the population B) Model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and environment C) Study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations D) Epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes the concept of multiple causation while de-emphasizing the role of agents in explaining illness

D) Specific.

7.The nurse wishes to compare the number of persons aged 40 to 49 years who die each year with the midyear population of persons in this age range, per 100,000 population. Which type of rate is the nurse attempting to calculate? A) Adjusted B) Incidence C) Prevalence D) Specific

C)Identifying the forces driving the change and those resisting it

8. Which most accurately describes the purpose of force field analysis? A)Unfreezing the status quo B)Changing or moving to a new state C)Identifying the forces driving the change and those resisting it D)Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made

B) Cause-specific mortality rate

8.. The nurse wishes to determine how many people in the city die from heart attacks each year per 100,000 population. Which type of rate is the nurse attempting to calculate? A) Age-specific mortality rate B) Cause-specific mortality rate C) Case fatality rate D) Crude mortality rate

C)Encourage the group to participate in the decision making

9. The nurse conducts a class on the basics of nutrition to a group of obese adults. The nurse counsels the audience, telling them that they need to change their behaviors. By the end of the class, the nurse has lost the audience. To enhance audience participation and learning in the next class, the nurse should: A)Use consistent methods of persuasion B)Offer advice while the participants are passive C)Encourage the group to participate in the decision making D)Encourage the group to continue ambivalent behaviors

D)Downstream

9.The nurse researches whether the community would benefit from monthly blood pressure clinics. Which system level would such an intervention address? A)Upstream B)Mainstream C)Sidestream D)Downstream

B) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who have a health problem or the probability of testing positive if the health problem is truly present

9.Which correctly defines sensitivity? A) The ratio of the incidence rate in the exposed group to the incidence rate in the nonexposed group B) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who have a health problem or the probability of testing positive if the health problem is truly present C) Variations measured in hours, days, weeks, or months and commonly used to quantify outbreaks of infectious disease D) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who do not have a health problem or the probability of testing negative if the health problem is truly absent