Exam 1 Study

The use of chemicals to control microbial growth within a host without harming host cells is called

Chemotherapy

Viruses were first discovered because of their effects on human cells true or false

False

The ability to distinguish between two objects close together is called _____

Resolution

Which of the following is NOT an example of a microorganism? a. A bacterium b. A tapeworm c. An amoeba d. A yeast cell

b. A tapeworm

All of the following statements are true of archaea flagella EXCEPT that _____. a. The proteins of the flagella differ from bacterial flagellin b. Archaeal flagella rotate from the flow of hydrogen ion across a membrane c. archaeal flagella are 10-14 nm in diameter d. Archaeal flagella grow by adding subunits at the base- not the tip- of the flagella

b. Archaeal flagella rotate from the flow of hydrogen ion across a membrane

Which of the following is NOT a step in Koch postulates, a modification of the scientific method the enables researcher to identify microbes that causes infectious diseases? a. The suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease b. Bacteria photomicrograph of the causative agent must be taken c. When the agent is introduced to a susceptible host, the host must acquire the disease d. The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host

b. Bacteria photomicrograph of the causative agent must be taken

Taxonomists rely on ____ differences to classify bacteria

Genetics/DNA

The __________ is a sticky, gelatinous substance that helps keep many prokaryotic cells from drying out.

Glycocalyx

The ___ is a widely used staining technique that separates bacteria into two large groups based on cell composition

Gram stain

A scientific explanation that has been repeatedly verified over many years is usually called a(n) a. Experiment b. Hypothesis c. Question d. Theory

D. Theory

If you wanted to determine whether a microorganism fermented a particular carbohydrate, which of the following kinds of tests would you use? a. Biochemical tests b. Serology c. Morphology d. Phage typing

A. Biochemical test

The designation E. Coli O157:H7 is a result of which type of microbial identification process? a. Serological tests b. Phage typing c. Biochemical tests d. Morphology

A. Serological test

Joseph Lister is remembered for his work advancing the idea of __________ in health care settings.

Antisepsis

One group of microbes, ______________, has not been associated with causing disease.

Archaea

The difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is the presence or absence of ____ a. Genetic material b. A nucleus c. A cell membrane d. A cell wall

B. A nucleus

In the Gram stain, sacra in serves as the a. Primary stain b. Counterstain c. Mordant d. Decolonizing agent

B. Counterstain

Which of the following microbes is generally the smallest? a. Fungi b. Viruses c. Protozoa d. Bacteria

B. Viruses

The system by which all organisms are given two names is called _____

Binomial nomenclature

______ is the process by which large molecules or extracellular fluid are brought into a Eukaryotic cell through manipulation of the cytoplasmic membrane.

Endocytosis

Spirochetes have a special kind of flagella called __________.

Endoflagella

A typical virus could be viewed with a compound light microscope true or false

False

Algae are classified by using genes for ribosomal RNA true or false

False

Bioremediation is the use of dead bacteria to clean up oil spills in the ocean true or false

False

When gram-positive bacteria die, a large amount of lipid A can be released into the immediate environment true or false

False

Bergey's Manual is a reference guide for various microscopic technique true or false

False -he classifies prokaryotes

Carl Woese used cell wall composition to distinguish between three types of cells in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes true or false

False -uses nucleic acid

The bacterial cell wall low a Gram-negative bacterium has relatively thin layer of peptidoglycan and and outer membrane composed of _______, phospholipids, and proteins

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

The Gram stain is considered a differential stain because it stains purple when the ____ layer is thick

Peptidoglycan

The bacteria genus ____ is named for the presence of mycolic acid in it cell walls.

Mycobacterium

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is the process called _____

Osmosis

Two scientists who vaccine work begin the field of immunology were Edward Jenner and ______

Pasteur, Louis Pasteur

_____ is a process of heating liquids such as milk or juices to prevent rapid spoilage

Pasteurization

A(n) ____ stain uses only one dye to enable the viewer to observe the size, shape, or arrangement of cells

Simple

A thin film of microorganisms on the surface of a slide is called a ____ which is usually fixed to the slide with heat

Smear

Most of the world's oxygen is produced by algae true or false

True

Stains and light are used to increase contrast between cells and their background true or false

True

The ability of the archaea to live in extreme environments is due in part to their cytoplasmic membrane composition true or false

True

A _____ microscope produces a beam of electrons that creates an image on a fluorescent screen based on density difference.

Transmission electron

An agglutination test is a type of serological test true or false

True

Endoscopes are a concern to healthcare workers because they are resistant to treatments that inhibit other microbes true or false

True

Endoscopes stains and acid fast stains both involve heat true or false

True

In the presence of a favorable stimulus, a bacterium will increase the number of runs and decrease the number of tumbles it performs true or false

True

Which of the following stains is used for visualizing Mycobacterium? a. Acid-fast stain b. The a. Bacteria; stain c. A simple stain d. The endoscope stain

a. Acid-fast stain

All of the following are microbes paired with a cellular feature present in some of them-which pair is INCORRECT because that feature is never present in that microbe? a. Bacteria; cilia b. Eukaryotes; flagella c. Bacteria; fimbriae d. Archaea; hami

a. Bacteria; cilia

Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is INCORRECTLY paired with its primary function a. Endoplasmic reticulum: exocytosis and secretion b. Mitochondrion: aerobic ATP production c. Nucleus: contains DNA and nucleoli d. Lysosome: breakdown of aged cell components

a. Endoplasmic reticulum: exocytosis and secretion

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of fimbriae? a. Movement toward chemicals or light b. Enhancing a microbe's ability to cause disease c. Adherence to surfaces d. Creation of biofilms

a. Movement toward chemicals or light

Which of the following is NOT a domain proposed by Carl Woese? a. Prokarya b. Archaea c. Eukarya d. Bacteria

a. Prokarya

All of the following are differences between bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella EXCEPT that _______ a. The filaments of the eukaryotic flagella are anchored in the cytoplasm by a basal body, whereas the prokaryotic flagella is anchored to the plasma membrane and cell wall by a basal body b. Bacterial flagella move in a wave motion, whereas eukaryotic flagella rotate 360 c. Eukaryotic flagella are within the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas prokaryotic flagella are not d. Eukaryotic flagella are shafts composed of globular protein tubulin arranged to form microtubules, whereas prokaryotic flagella are composed of flagellum

b. Bacterial flagella move in a wave motion, whereas eukaryotic flagella rotate 360

The definition of species for animals may be based on the ability to interbreed and produce viable offsprings, but for bacteria, a species is better defined by which of the following? a. Cells that have the same morphology and arrangement b. Cells the share 70% common sequences of DNA c. Cells that can undergo conjugation d. A population of bacteria that arose from the same cell

b. Cells the share 70% common sequences of DNA

Which of the following components of the bacterial cell wall is found in varying amounts in both gram-positive and gram-negative cells? a. Endotoxin b. Peptidoglycan c. Lipopolysaccharide d. Teichoic acid

b. Peptidoglycan

Which of the following eukaryotic cell wall types is INCORRECTLY matched? a. Plants: cellulose b. Fungi: chitin c. Animal cell: silica d. Algae: agar

c. Animal cell: silica

The study of microbiology involves all of the following EXCEPT ______ a. Understanding how the immune system works b. Research on infectious disease agents c. Characterization of the tissues and organs of the human body d. Understanding more about chemical reactions inside a cell

c. Characterization of the tissues and organs of the human body

Which of the following would NOT be found in an inclusion? a. Starch b. Lipids c. DNA d. Gases

c. DNA

Which of the following statement best describe how Pasteur experiment to disprove spontaneous generation differed from needham experiment? A. The rotting meat had already been exposed to flies, which introduced eggs. B. Needham followed Aristotle logic, which has been proven more reliable than experiments c. Pasteur used a Swan-neck flask to collect dust that could have inoculated the broth and led to growth d. Needham may not have boiled the broth sufficiently to kill all the microbes

c. Pasteur used a Swan-neck flask to collect dust that could have inoculated the broth and led to growth

What is the underlying rationale for how phage typing works? a. Phages are quickly metabolized by bacterial cells b. Phages cannot be killed by humans cells c. Phages bind to specific kinds of bacterial cells d. Phages may be used to control bacterial growth in an infection

c. Phages bind to specific kinds of bacterial cells

Which of the following organelles is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. Mitochondrion b. Endoplasmic reticulum c. Ribosome d. Nucleus

c. Ribosome

Florence Nightingale is remembered for_____ a. Founding the first school of nursing b. Being the founder of modern nursing c. Setting a high standard for hygiene during the Crimean War d. All of the listed responses are correct

d. All of the listed responses are correct

Which of the following is a true statement concerning basic dyes? a. Basic dyes work best at a low pH b. Basic dyes are also known as an ionic chromophores c. Eosin is an example of a basic dye d. Basic dyes are attracted to the negatively charged surface of cells

d. Basic dyes are attracted to the negatively charged surface of cells

Which of the following is NOT a component of peptidoglycan? a. NAM b. NAG c. Amino acid d. Lipid A

d. Lipid A

Which of the following statements is a scientific hypothesis? a. Everyone who ate chicken last night b. Seven people in our dorm got sick last night c. My roommate got sick last night after eating supper d. The undercooked chicken my roommate ate may have caused the illness

d. The undercooked chicken my roommate ate may have caused the illness