Exam 1 Study Questions PrepU

The nurse is caring for a client with an accumulation of 2.5 cm of darkened tissue scar over the area of 3-mm injury. How does the nurse correctly document this finding in the medical record?

Keloid

While the nurse is performing a skin assessment on a dark-skinned client, the nurse notes that the client has a healed wound on the leg but that the wound has an excess of scar tissue. The nurse documents this as:

Keloid

The nurse is evaluating the bloodwork results of a client with an infected leg ulcer. The white blood cell count is 18,000 cells/uL. The nurse interprets this as:

Leukocytosis

The nurse is teaching a community class about early screening for malignant melanoma. The nurse should be concerned with which questions/concerns raised by audience members?

"I have noticed that the mole on my back is changing shape and had developed an irregular border"

What will the nurse teach a client about causes associated with rickets?

"Nutritional problems and problems with vitamin D are commonly the cause"

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA). What does the nurse teach the client about the disease?

"OA is a disease of the weight-bearing joints"

The nursing instructor is teaching about osteoporosis and tells students that reduced physical activity can contribute to the loss of bone mass. What does the nurse tell the students is the rationale for this?

"Reduced physical activity increases the rate of bone loss, as mechanical forces are important stimuli for normal bone remodeling"

Following an injury that resulted in a major wound, the client notes that on day 2, the wound looks a little different. The client also notes that if he just brushes the skin accidentally with a towel, it bleeds easily. The client asks why this happens. Which is the best response by the nurse?

"There is new granulation tissue forming that contains many newly developed, fragile capillary buds"

A 65-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department with severe pain in her hip. After an x-ray, the woman is diagnosed with a broken hip. The woman states, "I didn't fall or anything!" What is the nurse's best response?

"We will evaluate you for osteoporosis."

A nurse is teaching a wellness group among a group older adult women. One of the women has asked for advice about preventing osteoporosis, which affects many of her friends. What is the nurse's best response to the woman's query?

"Weight-bearing exercise is helpful, as are calcium supplements."

The nurse determines that additional client education is needed when a client with gout makes which statement?

"When I have an exacerbation of my symptoms, a glass of red wine will be helpful."

A physician is providing care for several clients on a hospital-based medical ward. Which client is most likely to experience chronic fatigue?

51-year-old woman admitted for exacerbation of her multiple sclerosis.

Which client of an oncologist is likely to have the poorest prognosis?

A 69-year-old man who has been diagnosed with stage IV malignant melanoma

Which client is most likely to experience impaired (slow) wound healing?

A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar control

Which newborn infant demonstrates the highest risk of presenting with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

A girl who was born with toeing-in and who was in a breech presentation.

A client presents with arthralgia and arthritis. Which is the priority nursing intervention?

Assessing the client's pain and history of treating it

A female athlete has been diagnosed with amenorrhea due to intense training for a spot on the Olympic swimming team. As a health care provider, which of the following should be implemented to prevent premature osteoporosis?

Calcium/vitamin D supplements to support bone mineral density

Juvenile dermatomyositis is a chronic inflammatory myopathy that commonly manifests systemically. What is the treatment of choice for this myopathy?

Corticosteroids

Which factor is most protective against squamous cell carcinomas?

Dark Skin Color

A client reports having diarrhea that has lasted days. Which intervention would the nurse recommended to decrease the diarrhea?

Electrolyte drink containing sodium and glucose

Pharmacologic treatment for peptic ulcers has changed over the past several decades. The nurse knows that the goal for pharmacologic treatment is focused on:

Eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

A nurse is conducting a health promotion class on healthy cooking. The nurse includes the importance of ensuring that all hamburgers are cooked completely before ingesting to prevent:

Escherichia coli

Which body response to an acute inflammation will the nurse assess if the client is experiencing a systemic response?

Fever and tachycardia

In clients with acute diarrhea, many require no treatment. However, the nurse knows the priority assessment in all clients with diarrhea is:

Fluid and electrolyte status

Which statement is true regarding the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Generalized stunted growth can occur

The most common forms of peptic ulcer are duodenal and gastric ulcers. What are the most common risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Dry, itchy plaques on the elbows and knees have prompted a 23-year-old client to seek care. The health care provider has diagnosed the client with psoriasis, based on which histologic characterization?

Increased epidermal cell turnover with marked epidermal thickening

In a client diagnosed with osteomalacia, what would be recommended to aid with improvement of condition?

Increasing dietary consumption of Vitamin D

In general, how are children affected by a rheumatic disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

It's characterized by synovitis and can influence epiphyseal growth, resulting in stunted growth.

Due to her progressing osteoarthritis (OA), an 80-year-old woman is no longer able to perform her activities of daily living without assistance. Which phenomenon most likely underlies the woman's situation?

Loss of articular cartilage and synovitis has resulted from inflammation caused when joint cartilage attempted to repair itself.

A client presents with joint pain and suspected rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse to implement?

Muscle-strengthening exercises to support joints

During a lecture on inflammation, the physiology instructor discusses the major cellular components involved in the inflammation response. The instructor asks, "Which cells arrive early in great numbers?" Which student response is correct?

Neutrophils

When a nurse is assessing a client with osteoarthritis, which factor poses a risk for the disease?

Obesity

A 75-year-old female has been admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture. She states, "All I did was fall into my chair, not even very hard". Upon diagnostic testing, the client's bones show loss of trabeculae from cancellous bone and thinning of the cortex. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Osteoporosis

An older adult client is admitted for the treatment of pneumonia. The nurse notes the home medications include nasal calcitonin, Vitamin D, and calcium chloride. Which disease process is this client likely treating with these medications?

Osteoporosis

Peptic ulcers can affect one or all layers of the stomach or duodenum. Ulcers that penetrate through the muscularis layer are classified as which type of ulcer?

Perforation

After several months of persistent heartburn, an adult client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which treatment regimen is likely to be prescribed for this client's GERD?

Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals

A client in the acute stage of inflammation will experience vasodilation of the arterioles and congestion in the capillary beds. The nurse would assess the client's skin for:

Redness

The nurse is providing client education related to intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Which instruction should the nurse include?

The injections will be given only 3 to 4 times per year because they can increase joint destruction

The nurse is caring for a client who has experienced hypovolemic shock secondary to penetrating multiple trauma. When caring for the client postoperatively, which of these factors does the nurse recognize places the client at risk for poor wound healing?

Tissue Hypoxia

Which intervention will the nurse recommend for a client with tinea pedis?

Topical antifungal agents

Which description best summarizes the etiology of pressure injuries?

Unrelieved skin pressure on the skin causes decreased blood and lymph flow that leads to pressure injury development

The nurse is teaching a client with rheumatoid arthritis about pannus, which develops in the affected joint area. What does the nurse include to describe pannus?

Vascular granulation tissue that destroys cartilage and bone

The nurse walks into a room and finds the client forcefully expelling stomach contents into a wash basin. When documenting this occurrence, the nurse will use the term:

Vomiting

An older adult client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should focus on which aspect?

Weight and nutritional status

A nurse providing dietary guidance to a client with celiac disease tells the client that which food should be avoided?

Wheat Bread

A client comes into the emergency room with an animal bite to the hand. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate?

Wound irrigation

A client is being seen at the primary care physician office for a possible allergic reaction. What is the cause of this type of primary skin disorder?

antigen-antibody response

Which diagnostic finding has been strongly linked to systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

elevated anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)

Good hand-washing techniques are important in healthcare. The nurse knows that bacterial infections can be prevented by good hand-washing techniques. Which of the following routes of transmission is most common for Clostridium difficile?

fecal-oral transmission

Pressure injuries can occur quickly in older adult clients and in client who are immobile. What is a method for preventing pressure injuries?

frequent position changes

What disease has primary lesions that have a silvery scale over thick red plaques?

psoriasis vulgaris

A nurse is completing an abdominal assessment on a client suspected to have appendicitis. When the nurse applies and then releases pressure in the client's right lower quadrant, the client experiences tenderness. The nurse is documenting the presence of:

rebound tenderness