Exam 1 Study Questions
there are more than _ intelligence tests available
100
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that eugenic sterilization was constitutional
1927
Sigmund Freud believed that there were _____ central forces that shape personality
3
Self-help groups in the United States are attended by _____ percent of the population each year.
3 to 4
In any given year, as many as _____ percent of the adults and _____ percent of the children and adolescents in the United States display serious psychological disturbances and are in need of clinical treatment.
30; 19
Today, approximately _____ individuals with severe psychological disturbances are inmates of jails and prisons
440000
Research has found that people are happiest when they have _____ hours a day of face-to-face contact with others
6
In the United States, _____ percent of people with psychological disorders receive treatment within a year
60
In 1955, over _____ people lived in public mental institutions across the United States; the number is around _____ today.
600000; 42000
The humanistic and existential theories were extremely popular during the:
60s and 70s
Some studies have found that up to _____ percent of individuals treated with family therapy improve
65
He proposed that many forms of abnormal behavior can be traced to cognition
Aaron Beck
He was one of two clinicians who proposed that we can BEST explain and treat abnormal functioning not only by looking at behaviors, but also by focusing on cognitions.
Albert Ellis
This neuroimaging technique takes X rays of the brain's structure at different angles.
CAT scan
He is considered to be the pioneer of the humanistic perspective
Carl Rogers
His study in 1973 demonstrated how labels may encourage people to accept and play assigned social roles
David Rosenhan
In 1883, he published an influential textbook arguing that physical factors were responsible for mental dysfunction
Emil Kraepelin
Role-playing is often a part of:
Gestalt therapy
He stated that all forms of therapy have three key features
Jerome Frank
This neuroimaging technique uses the magnetic property of certain atoms in the brain to create a detailed picture of the brain's structure
MRI
__________ is related to the idea that individuals with similar developmental histories may react to similar situations in different ways
Multifinality
Which of the following is NOT an epidemiological study
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Which statement about defining psychological abnormalities is TRUE
The criteria used to define psychological abnormalities are vague and subjective
This type of projective test involves people making up dramatic stories about 30 black-and-white pictures of individuals in vague situations
Thematic Apperception Test
An English Quaker named _____ founded the York Retreat, wherein patients were treated with a combination of rest, talk, prayer, and manual work
William Tuke
_____ therapy is a new cognitive-behavioral therapy that helps clients accept many of their problematic thoughts rather than judging those thoughts, acting on them, or trying fruitlessly to change them.
acceptance and commitment
Which brain structure plays a key role in emotional memory?
amygdala
Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and accurate empathy are all aspects of _____ therapy.
client centered
One of today's most influential integrative views of abnormal behavior is the ________ perspective
developmental psychopathology
Which psychological perspective accounts for "neurons to neighborhoods" in understanding abnormality
developmental psychopathology
Asking a person about the severity of her symptoms and asking how functional she is in her social and work lives are examples of
dimensional information
Dr. Marshall uses client-centered, exposure, and group therapies to treat Dana's social anxiety. Dr. Marshall's approach is considered to be
eclectic
Two individuals both have depression, but they have experienced different genetic predispositions, different levels of self-esteem, and different affiliations with peers that have led to the depression. This is an example of
euqifinality
Which psychological approach calls the consumer a "client" and the therapist a "collaborator"?
existential
The condition where the parts of an individual's personality do not mature properly and are stuck at an early stage of development is called
fixation
Which of the following does NOT help researchers guard against confounds
having a representative sample
Which of the following is an advantage of the correlational method?
high external validity
Which psychological perspective holds that we all have a basic need to receive positive regard from our parents?
humanistic
Which theorists believe that people are driven to self-actualize?
humanists
The _____ operates on the pleasure principle, while the _____ operates on the reality principle
id; ego
Which word means "individual"?
idiographic
When Frank's wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, rather than deal with his feelings, he searched countless hours on the Internet and in the library for the latest treatments and advances. This is an example of
intellectualization
Hippocrates saw abnormal behavior as a disease caused by _____ problems
internal physical
Dr. Amal wants to know if her new therapy for treating major depression is the cause of her clients having fewer symptoms and feeling better. Here, Dr. Amal is most interested in:
internal validity
Case studies are _____ in internal validity and _____ in external validity
low; low
During the Middle Ages, large numbers of people shared absurd false beliefs and imagined sights or sounds. This was known as
mass madness
Comparing a group of pregnant women who self-report drinking alcohol while pregnant with a group of pregnant women who are not drinking alcohol while pregnant is an example of a(n):
matched design
In this type of study, researchers stop medications prematurely for patients who are symptom-free for a while.
medication-withdrawal study
Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are examples of
neurotransmitters
When studying the general treatment of schizophrenia, what type of understanding are clinical researchers using
nomothetic
These psychodynamic theorists propose that people are motivated mainly by a need to have relationships with others
object relations theorists
The proper order of Sigmund Freud's stages of development is:
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
"Imitation" therapy is called:
placebo therapy
Which psychological approach calls the consumer a "patient" and the therapist an "interpreter"
psychodynamic
This is the view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological
psychogenic perspective
_____ prevention consists of identifying and treating psychological disorders in the early stages, before they become serious
secondary
These psychodynamic theorists give the greatest attention to the unified personality
self theorists
Currently, ________ are the largest group of mental health professionals in the United States
social workers
The discovery that syphilis led to paralysis and to delusions of grandeur supported the ________ perspective.
somatogenic
The goal of _____ prevention is to provide effective treatment as soon as it is needed, so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems
tertiary
Statistical significance is influenced by:
the magnitude of the correlation and the size of the sample
Chi is hesitant and appears negative when giving sugar pills to control participants, but she is confident and positive when giving Xanax to the experimental participants. What is Chi experiencing?
the rosenthal effect
According to Sigmund Freud, _____ is the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals
the superego
Is therapy generally effective? Are particular therapies generally effective? Are particular therapies effective for particular problems? These three questions are asked in _____ outcome studies
therapy
What is the BEST way for researchers to address the various logistical and ethical factors that make it difficult to do psychological research?
to use multiple research approaches
Groups of people who suddenly started to dance, jump, and go into convulsions were described as having this disorder.
trephination
This is a FALSE belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in therapists' training, experience, theoretical orientations, and personalities.
uniformity myth