Exam 1 Study Questions

there are more than _ intelligence tests available

100

In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that eugenic sterilization was constitutional

1927

Sigmund Freud believed that there were _____ central forces that shape personality

3

Self-help groups in the United States are attended by _____ percent of the population each year.

3 to 4

In any given year, as many as _____ percent of the adults and _____ percent of the children and adolescents in the United States display serious psychological disturbances and are in need of clinical treatment.

30; 19

Today, approximately _____ individuals with severe psychological disturbances are inmates of jails and prisons

440000

Research has found that people are happiest when they have _____ hours a day of face-to-face contact with others

6

In the United States, _____ percent of people with psychological disorders receive treatment within a year

60

In 1955, over _____ people lived in public mental institutions across the United States; the number is around _____ today.

600000; 42000

The humanistic and existential theories were extremely popular during the:

60s and 70s

Some studies have found that up to _____ percent of individuals treated with family therapy improve

65

He proposed that many forms of abnormal behavior can be traced to cognition

Aaron Beck

He was one of two clinicians who proposed that we can BEST explain and treat abnormal functioning not only by looking at behaviors, but also by focusing on cognitions.

Albert Ellis

This neuroimaging technique takes X rays of the brain's structure at different angles.

CAT scan

He is considered to be the pioneer of the humanistic perspective

Carl Rogers

His study in 1973 demonstrated how labels may encourage people to accept and play assigned social roles

David Rosenhan

In 1883, he published an influential textbook arguing that physical factors were responsible for mental dysfunction

Emil Kraepelin

Role-playing is often a part of:

Gestalt therapy

He stated that all forms of therapy have three key features

Jerome Frank

This neuroimaging technique uses the magnetic property of certain atoms in the brain to create a detailed picture of the brain's structure

MRI

__________ is related to the idea that individuals with similar developmental histories may react to similar situations in different ways

Multifinality

Which of the following is NOT an epidemiological study

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Which statement about defining psychological abnormalities is TRUE

The criteria used to define psychological abnormalities are vague and subjective

This type of projective test involves people making up dramatic stories about 30 black-and-white pictures of individuals in vague situations

Thematic Apperception Test

An English Quaker named _____ founded the York Retreat, wherein patients were treated with a combination of rest, talk, prayer, and manual work

William Tuke

_____ therapy is a new cognitive-behavioral therapy that helps clients accept many of their problematic thoughts rather than judging those thoughts, acting on them, or trying fruitlessly to change them.

acceptance and commitment

Which brain structure plays a key role in emotional memory?

amygdala

Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and accurate empathy are all aspects of _____ therapy.

client centered

One of today's most influential integrative views of abnormal behavior is the ________ perspective

developmental psychopathology

Which psychological perspective accounts for "neurons to neighborhoods" in understanding abnormality

developmental psychopathology

Asking a person about the severity of her symptoms and asking how functional she is in her social and work lives are examples of

dimensional information

Dr. Marshall uses client-centered, exposure, and group therapies to treat Dana's social anxiety. Dr. Marshall's approach is considered to be

eclectic

Two individuals both have depression, but they have experienced different genetic predispositions, different levels of self-esteem, and different affiliations with peers that have led to the depression. This is an example of

euqifinality

Which psychological approach calls the consumer a "client" and the therapist a "collaborator"?

existential

The condition where the parts of an individual's personality do not mature properly and are stuck at an early stage of development is called

fixation

Which of the following does NOT help researchers guard against confounds

having a representative sample

Which of the following is an advantage of the correlational method?

high external validity

Which psychological perspective holds that we all have a basic need to receive positive regard from our parents?

humanistic

Which theorists believe that people are driven to self-actualize?

humanists

The _____ operates on the pleasure principle, while the _____ operates on the reality principle

id; ego

Which word means "individual"?

idiographic

When Frank's wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, rather than deal with his feelings, he searched countless hours on the Internet and in the library for the latest treatments and advances. This is an example of

intellectualization

Hippocrates saw abnormal behavior as a disease caused by _____ problems

internal physical

Dr. Amal wants to know if her new therapy for treating major depression is the cause of her clients having fewer symptoms and feeling better. Here, Dr. Amal is most interested in:

internal validity

Case studies are _____ in internal validity and _____ in external validity

low; low

During the Middle Ages, large numbers of people shared absurd false beliefs and imagined sights or sounds. This was known as

mass madness

Comparing a group of pregnant women who self-report drinking alcohol while pregnant with a group of pregnant women who are not drinking alcohol while pregnant is an example of a(n):

matched design

In this type of study, researchers stop medications prematurely for patients who are symptom-free for a while.

medication-withdrawal study

Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are examples of

neurotransmitters

When studying the general treatment of schizophrenia, what type of understanding are clinical researchers using

nomothetic

These psychodynamic theorists propose that people are motivated mainly by a need to have relationships with others

object relations theorists

The proper order of Sigmund Freud's stages of development is:

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

"Imitation" therapy is called:

placebo therapy

Which psychological approach calls the consumer a "patient" and the therapist an "interpreter"

psychodynamic

This is the view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological

psychogenic perspective

_____ prevention consists of identifying and treating psychological disorders in the early stages, before they become serious

secondary

These psychodynamic theorists give the greatest attention to the unified personality

self theorists

Currently, ________ are the largest group of mental health professionals in the United States

social workers

The discovery that syphilis led to paralysis and to delusions of grandeur supported the ________ perspective.

somatogenic

The goal of _____ prevention is to provide effective treatment as soon as it is needed, so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems

tertiary

Statistical significance is influenced by:

the magnitude of the correlation and the size of the sample

Chi is hesitant and appears negative when giving sugar pills to control participants, but she is confident and positive when giving Xanax to the experimental participants. What is Chi experiencing?

the rosenthal effect

According to Sigmund Freud, _____ is the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals

the superego

Is therapy generally effective? Are particular therapies generally effective? Are particular therapies effective for particular problems? These three questions are asked in _____ outcome studies

therapy

What is the BEST way for researchers to address the various logistical and ethical factors that make it difficult to do psychological research?

to use multiple research approaches

Groups of people who suddenly started to dance, jump, and go into convulsions were described as having this disorder.

trephination

This is a FALSE belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in therapists' training, experience, theoretical orientations, and personalities.

uniformity myth