Exam 2: A&P 1 - Muscular System

Define belly

The fleshy middle is the belly.

Define the criteria employed in naming skeletal muscles.

Direction of fibers, number of origins, shape, function, origin/insertion...

Know the general location and action for ALL muscles on the human muscles handout. Know the specific origin and insertion for the muscles marked with a "*".

Know human muscle handout well!

Compare the 3 classes of levers on the basis of placement of the fulcrum, effort, and resistance.

Lever one is like a seesaw. With fulcrum in the middle and effort on one side & resistance on the the other. Lever two is like holding a wheel barrow. The fulcrum (the wheel) is at one end, the resistance (load in the barrow) is in the middle and the effort (you holding the handles) is at the opposite end. Lever three is like holding a shovel. The fulcrum (your back hand in the handle) is at one end, the effort (your front hand lifting the load) is in the middle and the resistance (the load in the shovel blade) is at the opposite end.

Define a lever and fulcrum.

Lever: provides a mechanical advantage. Fulcrum: pivot point

Define origin

Origin is the muscle attachment at the less-moveable or proximal end.

Discuss most body movements as activities of groups of muscles by explaining the roles of the prime mover (agonist), antagonist, synergist, and fixator.

The agonist causes the desired movement. The antagonist opposes the movement. The synergist helps the agonist with the desired movement. A fixator is a stabilizer.

Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing body movements.

The arrangement is as a lever system which gives you a mechanical advantage making the work less.

Define insertion

The insertion is the distal, more-moveable attachment of the muscle to the bone